Non-emergency small bowel obstruction: assessment of CT findings that predict need for surgery

Objective  

To identify CT findings predictive of surgical management in non-emergency small bowel obstruction (SBO).     

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adults: high-resolution CT-pathology comparisons and evolutional changes at CT

Objective  

To compare high-resolution (HR) CT and histopathological findings and to evaluate serial CT findings in pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH).     

Malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura: computed tomography-pathological correlation and comparison with computed tomography of benign solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura

Purpose  

The aim of this study was to determine the computed tomography (CT)-pathological correlation of malignant solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura (MSFP) and to compare these findings with CT findings of benign solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura (BSFTP).     

Fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: HRCT findings that predict mortality

Objectives  

The study aims were to identify CT features that predict outcome of fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) when information from lung biopsy data is unavailable.     

Reassessment of CT images to improve diagnostic accuracy in patients with suspected acute appendicitis and an equivocal preoperative CT interpretation

Objectives

To identify CT features that discriminate individuals with and without acute appendicitis in patients with equivocal CT findings, and to assess whether knowledge of these findings improves diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

53 patients that underwent appendectomy with an indeterminate preoperative CT interpretation were selected and allocated to an acute appendicitis group or a non-appendicitis group. The 53 CT examinations were reviewed by two radiologists in consensus to identify CT findings that could aid in the discrimination of those with and without appendicitis. In addition, two additional radiologists were then requested to evaluate independently the 53 CT examinations using a 4-point scale, both before and after being informed of the potentially discriminating criteria.

Results

CT findings found to be significantly different in the two groups were; the presence of appendiceal wall enhancement, intraluminal air in appendix, a coexistent inflammatory lesion, and appendiceal wall thickening (P?P?=?0.0193 and P?=?0.0397, respectively).

Conclusions

Knowledge of the identified CT findings was found to improve diagnostic accuracy for acute appendicitis in patients with equivocal CT findings.

Key Points

? Numerous patients with clinically equivocal appendicitis do not have acute appendicitis ? Computed tomography (CT) helps to reduce the negative appendectomy rate ? CT is not always infallible and may also demonstrate indeterminate findings ? However knowledge of significant CT variables can further reduce negative appendectomy rate ? An equivocal CT interpretation of appendicitis should be reassessed with this knowledge     

Hyperoxia-induced diffuse alveolar damage in pigs: correlation between thin-section CT and histopathologic findings

PURPOSE: To determine whether lung abnormalities at thin-section computed tomography (CT) in experimental hyperoxic lung injury correlate with the pathologic phases of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen juvenile pigs were exposed to more than 80% oxygen-for 24, 48, 72, 96, or 120 hours-or room air in sealed cages. Their removed lungs were inflated with air infused through the trachea and examined with thin-section CT. Two independent observers, without knowledge of the exposure times, compared 63 areas selected on the CT scans with the corresponding pathologic and histologic findings, which were evaluated independently by two pathologists. RESULTS: CT findings correlated well with histologic findings (rho = 0.86, P <.001), which corresponded to the pathologic phases of DAD. All areas of normal CT attenuation, eight of nine spared regions within areas of opacity, and two of 15 areas of ground-glass opacity corresponded to the early exudative pathologic phase of DAD. All areas that showed traction bronchiolectasis at CT corresponded to the early proliferative pathologic phase. There was good observer agreement regarding the interpretation of CT findings (kappa statistic, >0.60) and histologic results (>/=0.70). CONCLUSION: Thin-section CT findings reflect the pathologic phases of DAD, although the early exudative phase cannot be specifically depicted by thin-section CT. Traction bronchiolectasis on a CT scan suggests progression to the proliferative phase.     

Imaging findings and management of isolated dissection of the visceral arteries

Purpose  

To describe clinical and computed tomography (CT) findings of isolated dissection of the visceral arteries (IDVA).     

FDG-PET/CT imaging in assessing mucin-producing non-small cell lung cancer with pathologic correlation

Objective  

The objective of this study was to describe the PET/CT findings of mucin-producing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and how those findings are associated with pathology.     

Incidental thyroid uptake on F-18 FDG PET/CT: correlation with ultrasonography and pathology

Purpose  

To evaluate the usefulness of maximum standard uptake value (max SUV) calculated from F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) examination and findings from ultrasonographic (US) examination on incidentally detected thyroid FDG uptake on FDG PET/CT.     

Various computed tomography findings of 2009 H1N1 influenza in 17 patients with relatively mild illness

Purpose  

We retrospectively analyzed the computed tomography (CT) findings of H1N1 virus infection in 17 patients with relatively mild illness.     

Swine-origin influenza A viral (H1N1) infection in children: chest computed tomography findings

Purpose  

The aim of this study was to review the chest computed tomography (CT) findings in children with swine-origin influenza (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) infection.     

Clinical outcome and imaging follow-up in acute stroke patients with normal perfusion CT and normal CT angiography

Introduction  

Acute stroke multimodal CT imaging (MMCT: non-enhanced CT, CT angiography, and CT perfusion (CTP)) may show normal results despite persistent clinical stroke. We prospectively evaluated the sensitivity/specificity of MMCT infarct detection and the clinical outcome in patients with normal MMCT findings.     

Cardiac multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of spontaneously closed ventricular septal defect

Purpose  

The authors present the findings of contrastenhanced electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated cardiac computed tomography (CT) in 18 patients with probably spontaneous closure of muscular ventricular septal defect (VSD).     

PSA doubling time for prediction of [11C]choline PET/CT findings in prostate cancer patients with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy

Purpose  

Previous studies have shown that the positive detection rate of [¹¹C]choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) depends on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) plasma levels. This study compared PSA levels and PSA doubling time (PSADT) to predict [¹¹C]choline PET/CT findings.     

Kikuchi disease: <Superscript>18</Superscript>F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography of lymph node uptake

Purpose  

This study evaluated ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with Kikuchi disease (KD), or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis.     

Additional benefit of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the staging of oesophageal cancer

Objective  

¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) has been shown to improve the accuracy of staging in oesophageal cancer. We assessed the benefit of PET/CT over conventional staging and determined if tumour histology had any significant impact on PET/CT findings.     

Accuracy of coronary artery stenosis detection with CT versus conventional coronary angiography compared with composite findings from both tests as an enhanced reference standard

Objective  

To prospectively compare the accuracy of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and conventional coronary angiography (CCA) for stenosis detection using composite findings from both tests as an enhanced reference standard.     

Radiologic findings of adult pelvis and appendicular skeletal Langerhans cell histiocytosis in nine patients

Objective  

The purpose of this article was to evaluate the radiologic findings of adult pelvis and appendicular skeletal Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), emphasizing the CT and MR findings.     

Computed tomography of normal distal tibiofibular syndesmosis

Objective  

The purpose of this study was to determine the shape and measurements of the normal distal tibiofibular syndesmosis on computed tomographic scans and to identify features that could aid in the diagnosis of syndesmotic diastasis using computed tomography (CT).     

Nasal polyps with metaplastic ossification: CT and MR imaging findings

Introduction  

Metaplastic ossification is a rare event in nasal polyps. The purpose of this study was to review the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of nasal polyps with metaplastic ossification.