共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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探讨童年期儿童应对方式的发展轨迹及其性别差异,为更好开展儿童心理健康教育提供参考.方法 采用小学生应对方式问卷,对广州中山和四川达州2所小学三年级355名儿童进行为期2年的追踪研究,共施测5次.结果 童年期儿童的积极和消极应对方式有着不同的发展轨迹,其中积极应对方式的发展轨迹为逐渐上升的非线性曲线(估计值分别为0.11,0.02,P值均>0.05),而消极应对方式的发展轨迹则为逐渐下降的非线性曲线(估计值分别为-0.70,-0.08,P值均<0.01).童年期儿童积极应对方式发展轨迹的性别差异无统计学意义(△X2 =5.19,df=4,P>O.05),但男生消极应对方式的初始均值要高于女生(β=-0.56,P相似文献
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L S Wissow A M Gittelsohn M Szklo B Starfield M Mussman 《American journal of public health》1988,78(7):777-782
This study uses Maryland hospital discharge data for the period 1979-82 to determine whether Black children are more likely to be hospitalized for asthma and whether this difference persists after adjustment for poverty. The average annual asthma discharge rate was 1.95/1000 children aged 1-19; 3.75/1000 for Black children, and 1.25/1000 for White. Medicaid-enrolled children of both races had increased discharge rates for asthma compared to those whose care was paid for by other sources: 5.68/1000 vs 2.99/1000 for Blacks, and 3.10/1000 vs 1.11/1000 for Whites. When ecologic analyses were performed, populations of Black and White children had nearly equal asthma discharge rates after adjustment for poverty. The statewide adjusted rate was 2.70/1000 (95% CL = 1.93, 3.78) for Black children and 2.10/1000 (1.66, 2.66) for White children. Among Maryland counties and health planning districts, variation in asthma discharge rates was not associated with the supply of hospital beds or the population to primary-care physician ratio. We conclude that Black children are at increased risk of hospitalization for asthma, but that some or all of this increase is related to poverty rather than to race. 相似文献
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Objective
This study examined the association between parental smoking habits and the development of asthma in early childhood by using representative samples.Methods
The survey subjects included all of the 53,575 babies born in Japan during the periods January 10-17 and July 10-17, 2001. The families of the subjects were asked to complete questionnaires that were delivered by post at 6 months, 1 year 6 months, 2 years 6 months, 3 years 6 months, and 4 years 6 months postpartum. The first survey contained questions regarding the smoking habits of the parents. The second to fifth surveys asked if the child had needed medical attention for the treatment of asthma.Results
Data from 36,888 subjects (collection rate: 68.9%) were analyzed. The 4-year cumulative incidence of asthma was 12.0%. Maternal indoor smoking significantly increased the risk of asthma development in children, 4-year risk 14.4% vs. 11.7%, risk ratio = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.38. No statistically significant association was found between paternal smoking and asthma development in children.Conclusions
In order to prevent the development of asthma in early childhood, it is necessary to formulate measures to stop or discourage maternal smoking. 相似文献5.
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Boot CR Vercoulen JH van der Gulden JW Orbon KH Rooijackers JM van Weel C Folgering HT 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》2005,78(8):633-640
Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate predictors of 1-year changes in sick leave in workers with asthma.
Methods: The initial cohort consisted of 111 workers with asthma. One-hundred and one participants completed the follow-up after
1 year. Self-reported sick leave over the past 12 months was reported at baseline and at follow-up. At the start of this study,
all participants completed questionnaires on adaptation to functional limitations, psychosocial variables, working conditions,
lung function characteristics, disease history characteristics, health complaints and functional limitations, and person characteristics
(‘potential predictors’). Three multivariate logistic regression models were calculated, with an increase in sick leave, a
decrease in sick leave, and stable high sick leave as dependent (outcome) variables, and the potential predictors as independent
(explanatory) variables. Results: An increase in sick leave was predicted by a lower level of education and perceiving more functional limitations in activities
of daily life. A decrease in sick leave was predicted by spending all energy at work less often and perceiving fewer health
complaints in social activities (adaptation criteria 4 and 5). Stable high sick leave was predicted by less job satisfaction,
perceiving more support from the employer and perceiving more health complaints in social activities (adaptation criterion
5). Lung function characteristics, or disease history characteristics were not predictive for changes in sick leave in any
of the groups. Conclusion: We conclude that adaptation to functional limitations played a major role in changes in sick leave in workers with asthma.
Lung function characteristics hardly played a role. 相似文献
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Edward E. Gotts 《Early child development and care》1987,27(2):359-372
Families and children who participated in a primary prevention experiment called Home Oriented Preschool Education (HOPE) were assessed during a follow-up study approximately ten years following the experiment. Home environment and social class were assessed for families, and children's ability and achievement test scores and grade point averages were obtained from school records. Home environment was shown to be only modestly related to social class and to account for significant amounts of variance in children's academic and intellectual progress. Home environment appeared, moreover, to be affected favorably by the HOPE experiment when comparing randomly assigned groups of experimental and control families. Discussion focuses on the value of measuring home environment in studies of early childhood development. 相似文献
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Fetal growth and moderate drinking in early pregnancy 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Heavy maternal drinking during pregnancy has consistently been linked to decreased intrauterine growth, but the effect of smaller amounts of alcohol is less clear. In this study, the relationship between fetal growth and "moderate" drinking by low-risk, nonsmoking prenatal patients is explored. The sample consists of 144 women seen for the first time at the prenatal clinic of University College Obstetrics Hospital, London, England, between July 1979 and May 1980 and meeting the following criteria: white, aged 19-35 years, 8-16 weeks gestation at first prenatal visit, nonsmoker, nonalcoholic, lower middle class or higher, and in general good health. Average daily consumption of 10 g of ethanol (about one drink) in the week prior to recognition of pregnancy is related to a decrease in infant birth weight of 225 g, after adjustment for gestational age, sex of child, and maternal age, weight, height, pregnancy weight gain, social class, gravidity, and parity. In addition, consumption of this amount in the week before first prenatal visit is related to a comparable decrease in birth weight for male but not for female infants. These findings suggest that risk of decreased intrauterine growth begins very early in pregnancy, and that fetal response to later alcohol use may vary with sex of the child. 相似文献
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Milne E Laurvick CL Blair E Bower C de Klerk N 《American journal of epidemiology》2007,166(2):151-159
The authors examined the relation between birth weight, intrauterine growth, and risk of childhood leukemia using population-based linked health data from Western Australia. A cohort of 576,593 infants born in 1980-2004 were followed from birth to diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (n = 243) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 36) before their 15th birthday, death, or the end of follow-up (December 31, 2005). Data were analyzed using Cox regression. Risk of ALL was positively associated with the proportion of optimal birth weight--a measure of the appropriateness of fetal growth--particularly among children younger than 5 years; the hazard ratio for a 1-standard-deviation increase in proportion of optimal birth weight was 1.25 (95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.47). Among children younger than 5 years not classified as having high birth weight (defined as >3,500 g, >3,800 g, and >4,000 g), a 1-unit increase in proportion of optimal birth weight was associated with an approximately 40% increase in ALL risk. This suggests that accelerated growth, rather than high birth weight per se, is involved in the etiology of ALL. These findings are consistent with a role for insulin-like growth factor I in the causal pathway. Findings for AML were inconclusive, probably because of small numbers. 相似文献
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Data from the 1970 through 1984 National Hospital Discharge Surveys indicate that the rate of hospitalization for children under 15 years old with asthma has increased at least 145 per cent while the average length of stay for children with asthma decreased by 26 per cent from 5 days in 1970 to 3.6 days in 1984. Over an analogous period (1970 to 1980), data from the National Health Interview Survey indicate that the prevalence of childhood asthma has increased by approximately 28 per cent for children 6 to 16 years of age. Several potential explanations for the hospital trend are discussed, including changes in the disease classification and information system, criteria for admission, organizational factors, changes in therapy, and changes in morbidity. 相似文献
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Yoichi Nakajima Randall M Goldblum Terumi Midoro-Horiuti 《Environmental health : a global access science source》2012,11(1):1-7
Background
The influence of the changes in atmospheric states, typical for areas close to big deserts, on general well-being of hypertensive persons was analyzed.Methods
Under test was the group of 20 hypertensive weather-sensitive patients; their blood pressure, pulse rate and appearance of 4 symptoms of discomfort sensations: arthritic pain, unjustified anxiety, severe headache and inexplicable tiredness- were registered. Symptoms are classified in ICD-9 code (780?C790) and scored on a 4-point scale. Results were defined as positive (no departure from the range of normal values) or problematic; the daily number of the latter results was collected under the name ??pathological reactions?? NPR if at least two of these 7 checked symptoms (of one patient) were outside the normal range. Comparison of the current weather conditions with their means, questioning of patients and repeated examinations are used to gain information. The data was analyzed employing the SAS statistical software. Pearson and Spearman correlations were used, applied on the best and worst days, when a minimum and a maximum of pathological changes NPR in the patients?? well-being were observed. The statistical significance was p?<?0.05 in all cases.Results
~1500 medical observations and verbal statements were registered in the Primary Care Clinic (Be??er-Sheva, Israel) during 2001?C2002. No meaning correlation was found between NPR and absolute values of temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure. Variations in wind speed WS and direction were expressed in blood pressure changes and in exacerbation of discomfort of various degrees. Unfavorable conditions correspond to days with dominant desert air streams and to high WS, when NPR reaches 85.7%; during the days with prevalent sea breeze NPR was ??22.9%. The role of wind direction in NPR occurrence is prevalent when WS?>?4?m·s-1. The Spearman test gives higher correlation than Pearson test (???~?0.14, p?<?0.03 against ???~?0.1, p?<?0.04).Conclusions
NPR is more affected by the air streams than by absolute values of meteorological parameters. The method of this study might give to family doctors some additional tools to predict deterioration in general feelings of chronic patients and could be related to other health problems influenced by the meteorological environment. 相似文献13.
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Research has linked fetal environment to subsequent adult disease. This study examines the extent to which infants born small-for-gestational age (SGA) were at risk for high cholesterol levels in early childhood (ages 4-6 years). Data were obtained from 1727 children aged 4-6 years who participated in the cross-sectional third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and had both birth certificates and blood cholesterol information. The odds of having moderately elevated (170-199 mg/dL) or high (> or =200 mg/dL) serum total cholesterol after being born SGA were determined after controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, education of household head, saturated fat intake, parental history of high cholesterol and overweight status. Approximately 11% of participants were SGA. Proportions of children with moderately elevated and high cholesterol levels were approximately 28 and 8%, respectively. SGA children were almost twice as likely (odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval [0.8, 4.8]) to have high cholesterol vs. low cholesterol than non-SGA children, although the result was not statistically significant. Multiple linear regression demonstrated a similar inverse, non-significant relationship between gestation-adjusted birthweight and cholesterol (beta = -2.3, P = 0.33). These data indicate a possible association between reduced fetal growth, represented by birthweight adjusted for gestational age, and increased cholesterol levels in early childhood. 相似文献
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Selda Aras 《Early child development and care》2016,186(7):1173-1184
It is aimed to investigate perceptions and implementations of early childhood teachers on free play and their involvement in children's free play. Recent studies focused on that, although there is an increase in the amount of teacher involvement, the quality of this involvement should be clearly examined. Lev Vygotsky examined play as an opportunity providing a context for socially assisted learning, a key role in abstract thinking, and a tool promoting development and learning. Teachers’ involvement is considered as an important factor for the relationship between play and developmental outcomes. This phenomenological study used interview and observation. Results indicate that teachers respect the children's play. However, they get involved in when children have problems and need help. They use free playtime to complete their daily plans and take attendance. 相似文献
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Wiles NJ Peters TJ Heron J Gunnell D Emond A Lewis G 《American journal of epidemiology》2006,163(9):829-837
Using data on 4,813 children from the ALSPAC cohort in Bristol, United Kingdom, recontacted in 1998-1999, the authors investigated whether intrauterine growth restriction (indexed by birth weight and length) was associated with behavioral problems at age 7 years. Childhood behavioral problems were measured by using a brief behavioral screening questionnaire (the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (parental completion)). For term singleton infants, a one standard deviation increase in birth weight was associated with an 11% reduction in the odds of behavioral problems at age 81 months. After adjustment for confounders and birth length, this association was no longer seen. The association with birth length remained after adjustment for confounders. A one standard deviation increase in birth length was associated with a 14% decrease in the odds of being in the top tertile of total behavioral difficulties at age 81 months (odds ratio = 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.79, 0.95) and was similarly associated with hyperactivity and conduct problems. Evidence was weak for an association between birth length and behavioral problems earlier in childhood. In summary, there was a weak association between intrauterine growth restriction, indexed by birth length (rather than weight), and childhood behavioral problems. Future work should focus on elucidating the biologic mechanisms that lead to variations in birth length and underlie this association. 相似文献
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Maitreyi Mazumdar David C Bellinger Matthew Gregas Kathleen Abanilla Janine Bacic Herbert L Needleman 《Environmental health : a global access science source》2011,10(1):24
Background
Early life lead exposure might be a risk factor for neurocognitive impairment in adulthood. 相似文献20.
BACKGROUND: Studies have often compared the postnatal motor development of 'small' versus 'normal' newborns. Not much is known about the associations between a broad spectrum of size at birth and motor development. The effect of early postnatal growth on motor development is little researched. Growth failure in terms of shortness and thinness should be differentiated, but not many studies have the data for this analysis. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study of infants born in Lahore, Pakistan, between 1984 and 1987. Age at commencement of independent walking and age at 'building a 3-cube tower' were taken as indicators of gross and fine motor development, respectively. Size at birth was captured by length and thinness as continuous variables; postnatal growth from birth to 6 months of age was measured by changes in length and thinness. Adjustment for covariates and handling of censored cases were performed by generalized log gamma regression. RESULTS: Thinness at birth and postnatal stunting and wasting had a linear, inverse association with gross motor development (each P < 0.05). Birth length had a non-linear, inverse association with this outcome (P < 0.05). Birth length, thinness at birth and postnatal wasting had a linear, inverse association with fine motor development (each P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both fetal and early postnatal growth over a broad spectrum may affect infants' motor development. It is not just the babies who were very small at birth that suffered. Birth length appeared to be more influential than other anthropometric indicators. 相似文献