“空巢”老人日常生活活动能力的现状及其影响因素

目的了解＂空巢＂老人日常生活活动能力（activity of daily living,ADL）的现状及其影响因素。方法调查济南市城区4个社区及附近部分县乡＂空巢＂老人日常生活活动能力,应用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归模型分析＂空巢＂老人日常生活活动能力受损的影响因素。结果＂空巢＂老人ADL障碍者为36.8%。经单因素分析,年龄、性别、丧偶、居住状态、日常开支、健康自评、高血压、所患慢性病种类数、抑郁及家庭功能状况对＂空巢＂老人ADL产生影响。经多因素分析,居住状态、健康自评、高血压、所患慢性病种类数、抑郁、家庭功能状况与ADL障碍有关。结论高龄、女性、丧偶、独居、经济状况及健康自评差、患高血压、慢性病种类数多、抑郁和家庭功能差的＂空巢＂老人,ADL易受损,＂空巢＂老人的ADL应受到足够的重视。     

山东省居家老年女性健康及生活自理能力状况调查

目的了解居家老年女性的躯体、心理、社会健康状况及生活自理能力的情况及影响因素。方法采用分层多级抽样方法,采用自制问卷及中文版简易智能状态检查量表（MMSE）、老年抑郁量表（GDS）、家庭功能评估量表（APGAR）调查山东省378名居家老年女性的人口学资料、躯体健康、心理健康及社会健康状况,采用描述性分析、χ2检验进行统计学分析。结果居家老年女性常见慢性疾病的患病率为86.7%;常见健康问题的发生率为91.9%;日常生活能力（ADL）、功能性日常生活能力（IADL）完好者分别为52.4%,22.2%;认知功能缺损、有抑郁症状的老年女性分别为32.8%,62.7%;家庭功能完好的老年女性为61.4%。年龄、婚姻状况、慢性病种类数、健康问题种类数、认知功能、抑郁及健康自评影响老年女性的ADL,前四者同样影响老年女性的IADL。结论居家老年女性存在躯体、心理及社会健康问题。开展居家老年女性常见慢性疾病及健康问题的健康教育,给生活自理障碍的老年女性提供自理工具,维持并提高老年女性良好的家庭功能,有助于促进老年女性的健康老龄化。     

东莞市某社区慢性病空巢老人生活自理能力状况调查与分析

[目的]调查东莞市石龙社区264例慢性病空巢老人生活自理能力状况,为社区护理服务提供科学依据,寻求社区护理服务的对策。[方法]采取整群抽样法,用日常生活能力量表和工具性日常生活能力量表对石龙社区患有慢性病（高血压、糖尿病、冠心病）空巢老人进行入户调查。[结果]有26.3%的空巢老人日常生活需要帮助他人协助完成,只有73.7%的空巢老人在日常生活中具有基本自理能力。[结论]26.3%的空巢老人日常生活需要他人帮助完成,因此必须针对老年人的这一特点,对其进行适当的社区护理干预,以此来提高空巢老人的生活及生存质量。     

东莞市某社区慢性病空巢老人生活自理能力状况调查与分析

[目的]调查东莞市石龙社区264例慢性病空巢老人生活自理能力状况,为社区护理服务提供科学依据,寻求社区护理服务的对策。[方法]采取整群抽样法,用日常生活能力量表和工具性日常生活能力量表对石龙社区患有慢性病(高血压、糖尿病、冠心病)空巢老人进行入户调查。[结果]有26.3%的空巢老人日常生活需要帮助他人协助完成,只有73.7%的空巢老人在日常生活中具有基本自理能力。[结论]26.3%的空巢老人日常生活需要他人帮助完成,因此必须针对老年人的这一特点,对其进行适当的社区护理干预,以此来提高空巢老人的生活及生存质量。     

空巢老人生活质量与心理状况的相关性

目的探讨空巢老人生活质量与心理状况是否存在差异以及相关影响因素。方法采用生活质量量表（QOL）、90项症状自评量表（SCL），随机抽取滨州市某三甲医院内科老年住院患者100名、滨城区敬老院老年人100名及社区200名老年人，共计400名老年人进行调查研究。结果不同生活环境的老年人生活质量和心理状态存在差异（P〈0．05）。敬老院老人心理状况以抑郁最严重，重度抑郁者占17．6％；其次是人际关系敏感，重度人际关系敏感者占5．9％。社区老人主要受人际关系敏感的影响，敏感较重者占7．7％。焦虑是影响住院老年患者心理状况的主要因素，轻度焦虑者占68．5％，中重度者占31．5％；影响空巢老人生活质量的因素有经济状况、婚姻和健康状况、子女关系和人际交往能力。结论老年人的生活质量和心理状况存在相关性。教育老年人自我宽慰和调适，寻找精神寄托；同时呼吁社会和政府采取有效的措施，提高空巢老人的生活质量和改善心理状况。     

空巢老人健康状况及护理需求调查

目的了解空巢老人健康状况及其对社区护理的需求,为社区老年护理的开展和完善提供科学依据。方法 2012年1月-2013年12月采用自制调查表对成都市主城区(武侯区、锦江区、成华区、青羊区)的600名空巢老人进行问卷调查,了解其健康状况及护理需求。结果空巢老人随着年龄的增加,日常生活不能自理者占被调查对象的6.3%;空巢老人慢性病排在前3位的分别为高血压、糖尿病及冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病;心理卫生自评方面心理状态很好占20.2%,好占42.9%;对护理需求排在前3位的分别为生病时提供上门护理(94.4%)、老年慢性病预防与护理知识(89.0%)、紧急救护知识与护理(79.3%)。结论成都市空巢老人生活自理能力下降,对护理需求增加,为空巢老人提供多种途径、多种形式的社区护理,有利于提高其生活质量。     

社区老年人慢性病患病状况及其对生活功能的影响

目的研究社区老年人慢性病患病现状及对日常生活功能的影响。方珐应用OARS问卷（中文版）对武汉市城区3个社区卫生服务中心辖区内648名60岁及以上的社区老年人慢性病患病状况及其对日常生活功能的影响进行调查。资料统计方法采用X^2检验和非条件Logistic回归模型分析。结果老年慢性病患病率为85．8％,居前5位的疾病是高血压病、关节炎与风湿疾病、消化系统疾病、慢性肺部疾病、心脏疾病。日常生活功能（activities of daily living,ADL）的受损率为55．1％,生理性日常活动功能（physical activities of daily living,PADL）的受损率为15．6％,工具性日常生活功能（instrumental activities of daily living,IADL）的受损率为54．8％。致老年人ADL功能障碍作用最强的疾病为慢性肺部疾病、消化系统疾病、关节炎及风湿疾病、心脏疾病、中风及青光眼,老年人患慢性病的数量越多,ADL受损率越高。培论慢性病是老年人的重要健康问题,对其日常生活功能有显著影响,应大力开展老年保健工作,提高老年人的生活质量。     

北京市社区空巢老人健康状况及日常生活能力的研究

目的了解空巢老人的健康状况,为社区卫生保健服务和社区照顾的投入以及制订政策提高空巢老人的生存质量提供信息。方法采用描述性研究设计,从北京市抽取了64个社区的796名空巢老人,应用一般资料问卷、老人健康评估问卷、日常生活能力评估量表进行调查。结果 84.55%的空巢老人患有1种及以上的慢性病;各系统/器官中异常率在前3位的是:五官(耳朵)的异常率为84.80%、循环系统的异常率为69.10%、五官(喉咙)的异常率为69.10%。日常生活能力评估量表总分为(98.35±9.29)分,98.48%的空巢老人生活基本自理。年龄,有无眼睛、呼吸系统、神经系统的异常和是否患糖尿病、脑卒中为空巢老人日常生活能力的影响因素。结论社区服务应发展居家照护,加强慢性病的预防和护理,提高空巢老人的生活质量。     

邯郸市空巢老人生活质量影响因素的综合分析

[目的]探讨影响邯郸市空巢老人生活质量的因素。[方法]对邯郸市3个区(丛台区、邯山区、复兴区)使用分层随机抽样的方法抽取邯郸市60岁及以上老年人600人进行问卷调查,其中空巢老人(空巢组)和非空巢老人(非空巢组)各300例。通过调查一般社会学情况、生活质量评定量表(SF-36)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、社会支持量表(SRSS)等情况,综合分析影响邯郸市空巢老人生活质量的因素。[结果]空巢组和非空巢组ADL得分分别为(17.94±5.78)分和(19.42±6.85)分,差异具有统计学意义(t=-4.722,P=0.000)。非空巢组老人主观支持、客观支持、对支持利用度和总评分均高于空巢组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。空巢组SF-36各维度和总评分均低于非空巢组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。影响空巢老人SF-36总分的主要因素有慢性病种类、家庭月收入、体育锻炼、SRSS评分、ADL评分、睡眠质量、文化程度、年龄和居住情况。[结论]邯郸市空巢老人生活质量低于非空巢老人,年龄、文化程度、睡眠质量、家庭月收入、体育锻炼、SRSS评分、ADL评分、居住情况等因素均是影响空巢老人生活质量的因素。     

军队离退休老干部日常生活能力调查

目的了解军队离退休老干部的日常生活能力情况。方法采用日常生活能力量表(ADL)对军队老干部进行调查。结果289例患者年龄为(78.0±5.4)岁,ADL有不同程度下降者占16.61%,有明显功能障碍者占30.10%。老年人生活自理能力(PSMS)、工具性日常生活能力(IADL)下降均与年龄明显相关(P<0.01),IADL较PSMS下降更明显。低龄老年人与高龄老年人ADL比较,PSMS行走差异明显(P<0.01),洗澡也有差异(P<0.05),IADL除了打电话外,其他项目低龄老年人均优于高龄老年人(P<0.05),住院老年人年龄大于非住院老年人(P<0.05);IADL与PSMS住院老年人均较非住院老年人明显下降(P<0.01)。结论军队老干部的ADL与年龄、疾病有关,IADL比生活自理能力下降更明显。     

住院老年患者日常生活能力与淋巴细胞亚群相关性调查

目的：探讨住院老年患者日常生活能力与淋巴细胞亚群的相关性。方法：采用日常生活能力量表（ADL）及淋巴细胞及亚群检测对101例住院老年男性进行调查。结果：生活自理能力（PSMS）、工具性日常生活能力（IADL）、CD＋56、CD^＋19均与病情相关,IADL、CD8＋、CD^＋56与年龄相关（P〈0．05）;CD^＋56与PSMS、IADL、ADL呈正相关,CD^＋19与IADI—ADL呈负相关（P〈0．05）。影响日常生活能力的逐步回归分析,PSMS与CD^＋4,IADL、ADL与CD^＋56相关;影响淋巴细胞亚群的逐步回归分析,CD^8与年龄、CDG与病情、CD^＋56与IADL相关（P〈0．05）。结论：日常生活能力、CD南及CD^＋56与病情相关,日常生活能力对淋巴细胞亚群有影响。     

居家养老老年人日常生活活动能力及其影响因素

目的了解居家养老老年人日常生活活动能力(ADL)及其影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取上海市闵行区3 个镇1 个街道的830 名居家养老老年人,采用ADL 量表进行调查。结果居家养老老年人ADL 得分情况为：人均ADL 总分为(25.59±11.16)分,其中躯体生活自理能力(PSMS)得分为(8.74±4.29)分,工具性日常生活活动能力(IADL)得分为(16.85±7.53)分。830名老年人中,PSMS、IADL 受损或功能下降的分别占55.19%,79.64%。ADL 总分>16 分的有593(71.45%)人,≥22 分的有458(55.18%)人。结论居家养老老年人ADL 较差;影响居家养老老年人ADL 的因素有：是否每天外出散步、每月收入、是否患有脑血管意外、医疗保险、文化程度、糖尿病、对目前生活满意度、有无疾病、是否丧偶。     

Activity limitation and chronic conditions in Canada's elderly, 1986 2011

Together with all other developed countries, Canada's population is experiencing a significant increase in the proportion that is elderly. This paper examines basic linkages between individual ageing, the prevalence of various chronic health conditions, functional limitation and the receipt of help in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) for the Canadian population using recent data from the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) as well as the Health and Activity Limitation Surveys (HALS) and the two General Social Surveys (GSS) with health data. Presented are age- and sex-specific prevalence of chronic conditions and logistic regression is used to assess the impacts of different chronic conditions on the receipt of help for IADL and ADL. The importance of gender and living alone in influencing the receipt of help and also of use of formal agencies is presented using additional data from HALS. Findings from these analyses are also used to project changes in the distribution of health status defined by disability and receipt of help with IADL ADL and, secondarily, by chronic condition. These analyses imply increases in demand for a range of health related services which will be 50 to 100% greater than the growth in the total elderly population.     

Activity limitation and chronic conditions in Canada's elderly, 1986 2011

Together with all other developed countries, Canada's population is experiencing a significant increase in the proportion that is elderly. This paper examines basic linkages between individual ageing, the prevalence of various chronic health conditions, functional limitation and the receipt of help in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) for the Canadian population using recent data from the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) as well as the Health and Activity Limitation Surveys (HALS) and the two General Social Surveys (GSS) with health data. Presented are age- and sex-specific prevalence of chronic conditions and logistic regression is used to assess the impacts of different chronic conditions on the receipt of help for IADL and ADL. The importance of gender and living alone in influencing the receipt of help and also of use of formal agencies is presented using additional data from HALS. Findings from these analyses are also used to project changes in the distribution of health status defined by disability and receipt of help with IADL ADL and, secondarily, by chronic condition. These analyses imply increases in demand for a range of health related services which will be 50 to 100% greater than the growth in the total elderly population.     

Activity limitation and chronic conditions in Canada's elderly, 1986-2011.

Together with all other developed countries, Canada's population is experiencing a significant increase in the proportion that is elderly. This paper examines basic linkages between individual ageing, the prevalence of various chronic health conditions, functional limitation and the receipt of help in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) for the Canadian population using recent data from the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) as well as the Health and Activity Limitation Surveys (HALS) and the two General Social Surveys (GSS) with health data. Presented are age- and sex-specific prevalence of chronic conditions and logistic regression is used to assess the impacts of different chronic conditions on the receipt of help for IADL and ADL. The importance of gender and living alone in influencing the receipt of help and also of use of formal agencies is presented using additional data from HALS. Findings from these analyses are also used to project changes in the distribution of health status defined by disability and receipt of help with IADL/ADL and, secondarily, by chronic condition. These analyses imply increases in demand for a range of health related services which will be 50 to 100% greater than the growth in the total elderly population.     

社区空巢老人述情障碍现状及其影响因素分析

目的了解社区空巢老人述情障碍现状并分析其影响因素。方法2018年10月至2019年5月,便利抽样法选取重庆市主城区6个社区的425名空巢老人为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、多伦多述情障碍量表、阿森斯失眠量表、日常生活活动能力量表(activities of daily living scale,ADLs)及社会支持评定量表对其进行调查。结果社区空巢老人述情障碍的发生率为19.8%,总分为(50.52土8.63)分,各维度得分从高到低依次为外向性思维、情感表达障碍和情感识别障碍。述情障碍得分与ADLs及其各维度得分呈正相关(均P<0.05),与社会支持及其各维度得分呈负相关(均P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析发现,文化程度、婚姻状况、体育锻炼、睡眠质量、日常生活活动能力及主观社会支持是社区空巢老人述情障碍的重要影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论社区空巢老人述情障碍发生率较高,医护人员可从多种影响因素着手,制定切实可行的干预措施,以改善空巢老人的述情障碍。     

Factors associated with ADL/IADL disability in community dwelling older adults in the Irish longitudinal study on ageing (TILDA)

Purpose: To identify the factors associated with disability across many domains using a large powered sample in the activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Methods: Those aged?≥65 years from the Irish longitudinal study on ageing (TILDA) were included in this cross sectional analysis. Three logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between 25 health, psychological and sociodemographic variables and difficulties in ADL, IADL and ADL/IADL combined. Results: The proportion of those reporting combined ADL/IADL difficulties was 18%. More individuals reported difficulty with ADLs (13%) than IADLS (11%). The main model showed that after age, the top three factors associated with difficulty in ADL/IADL combined were pain, taking five or more medications and depression. After age, the factors with the highest impact on ADL disability were pain, taking five or more medications and body mass index (BMI); the factors with the highest impact on IADL were being separated or divorced, living with others (non-spouse) and self-rated memory. Conclusions: Awareness of sociodemographics and early interventions for pain and cognitive deficits could reduce ADL/IADL disability and promote successful ageing. Identification of variables that influence ADL/IADLs can be used to inform policy and practice.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• After age, pain and taking five or more medications were the strongest factors associated with difficulty in ADL/IADL combined and ADL alone. Practice therefore needs to be cognizant that it is not the disease label but the symptoms of a disease that affect ADL and IADL activities.

• Given the strong influence of pain on difficulties with ADL and IADL, there is a need for early interventions from a multidisciplinary perspective for pain reduction, control, and self-management. These interventions should include development of pain-coping strategies and exercises to maintain mobility.

• After age, being separated/divorced or living with non-spouse others are the strongest factors associated with IADL difficulties. Awareness of these social factors can be used to inform support mechanisms, such as development of community services and suitable housing for those with these changing sociodemographics.

• Unsurprisingly, cognitive impairments were strongly associated with IADL difficulties. Simple cognitive screening assessments could be used for early detection of cognitive changes. In order to maintain optimal cognitive functioning, rehabilitation professionals should facilitate older adults’ engagement in activities that are cognitively demanding and socially interactive.

     

The prevalence of disability from chronic conditions due to injury among adults ages 18-69 years: United States, 1994

Purpose: To describe the causes and determine the prevalence of disability from chronic conditions due to injury among US civilian non-institutionalized persons aged 18-69 years. Methods: Data from the National Health Interview Survey Disability (NHIS-D) Supplement Phase I, United States 1994 were analysed and six disability categories were examined: activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), functional activities (FA), sight, hearing, and communication. Results: In 1994, 5.6 million persons aged 18-69 years reported a disability because of a chronic condition that was caused by injury. The prevalence of ADL disability due to chronic conditions caused by injury was 370 per 100000 population; IADL disability was 1256; FA disability was 2512; sight was 231; hearing was 339; and communication was 91 per 100000 population. Fifty per cent of ADL, IADL, and FA disabilities were attributed to motor vehicle crashes and falls, as were 31% of sight, 19% of hearing, and 23% of communication disabilities. Conclusions: Though these estimates may be conservative, this study indicates that injury is a major cause of disability in addition to a leading cause of death in the US.     

The prevalence of disability from chronic conditions due to injury among adults ages 18-69 years: United States, 1994

Purpose: To describe the causes and determine the prevalence of disability from chronic conditions due to injury among US civilian non-institutionalized persons aged 18-69 years. Methods: Data from the National Health Interview Survey Disability (NHIS-D) Supplement Phase I, United States 1994 were analysed and six disability categories were examined: activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), functional activities (FA), sight, hearing, and communication. Results: In 1994, 5.6 million persons aged 18-69 years reported a disability because of a chronic condition that was caused by injury. The prevalence of ADL disability due to chronic conditions caused by injury was 370 per 100000 population; IADL disability was 1256; FA disability was 2512; sight was 231; hearing was 339; and communication was 91 per 100000 population. Fifty per cent of ADL, IADL, and FA disabilities were attributed to motor vehicle crashes and falls, as were 31% of sight, 19% of hearing, and 23% of communication disabilities. Conclusions: Though these estimates may be conservative, this study indicates that injury is a major cause of disability in addition to a leading cause of death in the US.