辛夷挥发油体外干预大鼠胸腔炎性白细胞5-LO活性的研究

目的:观察辛夷挥发油体外对大鼠胸腔炎性白细胞脂氧酶(5-LO)活性的影响,探讨其干预花生四烯酸代谢的抗炎机制。方法:以角叉菜胶所致急性胸膜炎模型大鼠的胸腔炎性白细胞为基本反应体系,分别加入CaCl2、MgCl2、花生四烯酸(AA)、A23187以及辛夷挥发油(0.011、0.044、0.088、0.132mg/ml)或齐留通(0.625μg/ml),提取完整白细胞的5-LO代谢产物白三烯B4(LTB4)和5-羟基二十碳四烯酸(5-HETE),运用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)紫外检测分离测定LTB4和5-HETE的合成水平,来反映5-LO的活性。结果:辛夷挥发油在0.011~0.132mg/ml浓度范围内,对大鼠胸腔白细胞LTB4与5-HETE的生物合成呈现抑制趋势。结论:辛夷挥发油体外可抑制大鼠胸腔白细胞花生四烯酸代谢酶5-LO的活性,降低LTB4与5-HETE合成水平,提示其抗炎作用可能与抑制5-LO活性,减少致炎代谢产物的生成有关。     

Protective effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds in experimental ethanol toxicity

The study investigates the effect of aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in experimental ethanol toxicity in rats. The ability of the seed extract to prevent iron-induced lipid peroxidation in vitro was also investigated. Ethanol feeding for 60 days resulted in significant increases in the activities of serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. The levels of serum lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in liver and brain were also significantly elevated. Significantly lower activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were observed in liver and brain accompanied by depletion in glutathione, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol concentrations. Activity of Ca(2+) ATPase in brain was significantly lowered. Simultaneous administration of aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds with ethanol prevented the enzymatic leakage and the rise in lipid peroxidation and enhanced the antioxidant potential. The seeds exhibited appreciable antioxidant property in vitro which was comparable with that of reduced glutathione and alpha-tocopherol. Further, histopathological examination of liver and brain revealed that, aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds could offer a significant protection against ethanol toxicity.     

荔枝草提取物对大鼠肝线粒体损伤的保护作用

目的 研究荔枝草提取物(SE)对大鼠肝线粒体损伤的保护作用.方法 采用差速离心法制备大鼠肝线粒体,利用Fe2+-Vc系统产生·OH,诱导大鼠肝线粒体损伤,通过检测SE对肝线粒体脂质过氧化水平、肿胀程度、蛋白质羰基水平、ATP酶的活性以及生成超氧阴离子的多少来评价其对大鼠肝线粒体损伤的保护作用.结果 SE可以有效地抑制线粒体损伤时的脂质过氧化反应和线粒体膨胀,降低蛋白质羰基的量,恢复ATP酶的活性,清除线粒体中产生的02-.,并且呈现良好的量效关系.结论 荔枝草提取物对大鼠肝线粒体损伤有较好的保护作用.     

Potential antifilarial activity of the leaves and seeds extracts of Psoralea corylifolia on cattle filarial parasite Setaria cervi

The effect of aqueous and alcohol extracts of the leaves and seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, on the spontaneous movements of both the whole worm and the nerve muscle preparation of Setaria cervi and on the survival of microfilariae in vitro was studied. Alcohol extracts of both leaves and seeds caused the inhibition of spontaneous movements of the whole worm and the nerve muscle preparation of S. cervi, characterised by initial, short lasting small increase in tone of contractions followed by paralysis. The initial stimulatory effect was not observed by alcohol extract of leaves on nerve muscle preparation. The concentrations required to inhibit the movements of whole worm and nerve muscle preparations for alcohol extracts of leaves and seeds were 160, 30, and 150, 20 microg/ml, respectively suggesting a cuticular permeability barrier. Alcohol extracts of both leaves and seeds caused death of microfilariae in vitro, LC(50) and LC(90) being 15 and 25 ng/ml for alcohol extract of leaves and 12 and 18 ng/ml for alcohol extract of seeds, respectively.     

Effect of the alcohol extract of the seeds of Mucuna pruriens on free radicals and oxidative stress in albino rats

In vitro and in vivo studies were made with an alcohol extract of the seeds of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) to investigate its antioxidant property. In vitro studies were carried out in rat liver homogenate to investigate the chemical interaction of various phytochemicals with different species of free radicals. The effect was also checked on iron-induced lipid peroxidation, oxidation of GSH content, and its interaction with hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. There was no change on the rate of aerial oxidation of GSH content but it significantly inhibited FeSO(4) induced lipid peroxidation. It also inhibited the specific chemical reactions induced by superoxides and hydroxyl radicals. The removal of these species was through direct chemical interaction. An in vivo study on albino rats for 30 days showed no toxic effect up to a dose of 600 mg/kg body weight, on oral administration. There was no change in the level of TBA-reactive substances, reduced glutathione content and SOD activity in the liver. The activity of serum GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase was also unchanged. Thus it could be concluded that the alcohol extract of the seeds of M. pruriens has an antilipid peroxidation property, which is mediated through the removal of superoxides and hydroxyl radicals.     

Evaluation of antiinflammatory activity of the total flavonoids of Laggera pterodonta on acute and chronic inflammation models

The antiinflammatory effect of the total flavonoids of Laggera pterodonta (TFLP) was evaluated with various in vivo models of both acute and chronic inflammation. In the acute inflammation tests, TFLP significantly inhibited xylene-induced mouse ear oedema, carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema and acetic acid-induced mouse vascular permeability. In the carrageenan-induced rat pleurisy model, TFLP efficiently suppressed inflammatory exudate and leukocyte migration, reduced the serum levels of lysozyme (LZM) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased the activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), and also decreased the contents of total protein, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the pleural exudates. No marked effect of TFLP on the activity of serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) was observed. In the chronic inflammation experiment, TFLP inhibited cotton pellet-induced rat granuloma. The antiinflammatory mechanisms of TFLP are probably associated with the inhibition of prostaglandin formation, influence on the antioxidant systems and the suppression of LZM release. The acute toxicity study revealed that TFLP was nontoxic in mice up to an oral dose of 7.5 g/kg body weight.     

Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage by Ganoderma lucidum

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, are associated with carcinogenesis and other pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, elimination or inactivation of ROS or inhibition of their excess generation may be beneficial in terms of reducing the risk for cancer and other diseases. Ganoderma lucidum has been used in traditional oriental medicine and has potential antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. In the present study, we tested the amino-polysaccharide fraction (designated as 'G009') from Ganoderma lucidum for the ability to protect against oxidative damage induced by ROS. G009 significantly inhibited iron-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates and showed a dose-dependent inactivation of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions. It also reduced strand breakage in phiX174 supercoiled DNA caused by UV-induced photolysis of hydrogen peroxide and attenuated phorbol ester-induced generation of superoxide anions in differentiated human promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60) cells. These findings suggest that G009 from Ganoderma lucidum possesses chemopreventive potential.     

Two functionally and chemically distinct immunomodulatory compounds in the gel of Aloe vera

An aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel was analyzed guided by modulatory activity with regard to the in vitro activation of human complement and of human polymorphnuclear leucocytes (PMN). Upon ultrafiltration a high (h-Mr) and a low (l-Mr) molecular mass fraction were obtained. Pre-incubation of human pooled serum with the h-Mr fraction resulted in a depletion of classical and alternative pathway complement activity. In contrast, only the l-Mr fraction could inhibit the production of free oxygen radicals by activated PMNs. The latter activity cannot be attributed to non-specific effects like toxicity, interference with stimulant binding or scavenger activity.     

Effects of in vitro and in vivo Qi-therapy on neutrophil superoxide generation in healthy male subjects

The present study investigated the effects of in vitro and in vivo Korean ChunSoo Qi-Energy Healing on neutrophil superoxide generation. Neutrophil superoxide generation was measured by a chemiluminescence assay. Superoxide generation was significantly increased in vitro by emitted Qi-therapy (QT) of 60-second duration and 150-second duration compared to control (1.59-fold for 60 seconds, p < 0.05; 1.50-fold for 150 seconds, p < 0.05). Neutrophil superoxide generation increased significantly immediately after 5 minutes of QT in vivo (1.42-fold, p < 0.05). These results show that QT in vivo and in vitro has an acute stimulatory effect on neutrophil superoxide generation. This study provides direct scientific support that Qi as such may positively affect human innate immunity.     

The activity against leukocyte eicosanoid generation of essential oil and polar fractions of Adesmia boronioides Hook.f

The polar fractions (methanol and aqueous extract) and essential oil of Adesmia boronioides aerial parts were tested in vitro at concentrations of 15 and 50 microg/mL, for their effects on the COX and 5-LOX pathways of eicosanoid generation (TXB2, PGE2 and LTB4) in stimulated rat peritoneal leukocytes. Potent inhibition of LTB4 generation was displayed by the methanol extract and the essential oil, whereas the aqueous extract was essentially inactive. The methanol extract also caused potent inhibition of TXB2 generation but the essential oil and the aqueous extract were much less active. The effects on PGE2 production were much less striking, implying that the main effect is on thromboxane synthetase rather than on COX. Although the essential oil caused LDH release in leukocytes treated concurrently with ionophore, suggesting substantial toxicity to the cells, this extract did not affect cell viability according to the MTT test when incubated with the cells in the absence of ionophore. The two other extracts did not affect cell viability at the concentrations tested. It is concluded that Adesmia boronioides contains substance(s) that preferentially inhibit the 5-lipoxygenase activity of arachidonic acid metabolism and suggest that this may contribute to the antiinflammatory actions of extracts of this plant.     

Anti-inflammatory evaluation of Solidago chilensis Meyen in a murine model of pleurisy

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and the mechanism of action of the aqueous extracts obtained from rhizomes, leaves and inflorescences of Solidago chilensis in the mouse model of pleurisy. The extracts were prepared by infusion and were lyophilized. RESULTS: The aqueous extracts of rhizomes, leaves or inflorescences inhibited leukocytes, neutrophils and exudation (P<0.05) in the inflammation induced by carrageenan. The rhizomes aqueous extract, butanolic and aqueous residual fractions inhibited leukocytes, neutrophils, myeloperoxidase, adenosine-deaminase, and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in the inflammation induced by carrageenan (P<0.05). The rhizome aqueous extract and butanolic fraction also inhibited exudation, nitric oxide, and interleukin-1 beta levels (P<0.05). The rhizomes aqueous extract and its two derived fractions reduced leukocytes and mononuclears in the pleurisy induced by bradykinin, histamine, or substance P (P<0.05) and neutrophils in the pleurisy induced by histamine or substance P (P<0.05). Only aqueous residual fraction inhibited neutrophils induced by bradykinin (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Solidago chilensis aqueous extracts from leaves, inflorescences and rhizomes demonstrated an important anti-inflammatory effect, inhibiting cells in the inflammation caused by carrageenan. In addition, the rhizomes aqueous extract and its derived fractions also decreased pro-inflammatory mediators release into the site of the inflammatory process. The rhizomes aqueous extract and the butanolic fraction showed more evident anti-inflammatory actions.     

Effect of total phenolics from Laggera alata on acute and chronic inflammation models

The anti-inflammatory effect of total phenolics from Laggera alata (TPLA) was evaluated with various in vivo models of both acute and chronic inflammations. In the acute inflammation tests, TPLA inhibited significantly xylene-induced mouse ear oedema, carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema and acetic acid-induced mouse vascular permeability. In the carrageenan-induced rat pleurisy model, TPLA significantly suppressed inflammatory exudate and leukocyte migration, reduced the serum levels of lysozyme (LZM) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased the serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and also decreased the contents of total protein, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in the pleural exudates. In the chronic inflammation experiment, TPLA inhibited significantly cotton pellet-induced rat granuloma. These results indicated that TPLA possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity on acute and chronic inflammation models. Its anti-inflammatory mechanisms are probably associated with the inhibition of prostaglandin formation, the influence on the antioxidant systems, and the suppression of LZM release. Furthermore, the total phenolic content of Laggera alata and its main component type was quantified, and its principle components were isolated and authenticated. Acute toxicity studies revealed that TPLA up to an oral dose of 8.5 g/kg body weight was almost nontoxic in mice.     

In vitro immunomodulating properties of selected Sudanese medicinal plants

Ethanolic extracts of 23 medicinal plants, commonly used in Sudanese folk medicines against infectious diseases, were investigated for their immunomodulating activity using luminol/lucigenin-based chemiluminescence assay. Preliminary screenings on whole blood oxidative burst activity showed inhibitory activities of 14 plant extracts, while only one plant, Balanites aegyptiaca fruits exhibited a proinflammatory activity. Further investigation was conducted by monitoring their effects on oxidative burst of isolated polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and mononuclear cells (MNCs) by using two different phagocytosis activators (serum opsonizing zymosan-A and PMA). Results obtained showed that the fruits and barks of Acacia nilotica, and leaves and barks of Khaya senegalensis, possess average inhibitory effects in the range of 70.7, 67.1, 69.5 and 67.4% on both types of phagocytes (PMNs and MNCs), respectively, at a 6.25 microg/mL concentration. Moderate inhibitory activity (52.2%) was exerted by the aerial parts of Xanthium brasilicum, while the rest of the plants showed only a weak inhibitory activity. The inhibition of oxidative burst activity was found to be irreversible in most of the extracts, except for Peganum harmala, Tephrosia apollinea, Tinospora bakis, and Vernonia amygdalina. Interestingly, the fruits of Balanites aegyptiaca exhibited a moderate proinflammatory effect (37-40.4% increases in ROS level compared to the control) at 25-100 microg/mL concentration in the case of whole blood along with PMNs phagocyte activity. The Tinospora bakis extract showed proinflammatory response at a low concentration (6.25 microg/mL) during activation with PMA. None of these extracts affected PMNs viability (90-98%) upon 2 h incubation, except of the ethanolic extracts of Acacia nilotica fruits and Balanites aegyptiaca barks.     

荔枝核与龙眼核水提取物的体外抗氧化活性的比较与评估

目的:分析比较荔枝核与龙眼核水提物体外抗氧化能力.方法:测定两种水提取物的主要化学成分,则定并比较二者的总抗氧化能力,清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基以及DPPH能力.结果:龙眼核与荔枝核水提取物中多酚含量前者高于后者,总黄酮含量后者高于前者,二者均表现出较强的抗氧化能力.在一定浓度范围内龙眼核水提取物清除羟自由基、DPPH能力均高于荔枝核水提取物.荔枝核水提取物对超氧阴离子自由基有清除作用,而龙眼核水提取物在低浓度范围(0～1mg/mL)对超氧阴离子自由基有激发作用 结论:龙眼核水提取物在一定低浓度范围内的抗氧化活性优于荔枝核水提取物荔枝核与龙眼核水提取物抗氧化机制有所不同.     

Antiinflammatory effect of topically applied propolis extract in carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema

The antiinflammatory effect of an ointment containing propolis extract (3%-7%) was examined using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats. Treatment with the ointment inhibited the edema moderately, and the inhibition was significant at 5% and 7%. Additionally, the effect of the ointment on chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was investigated using the agarose plate method. Migration of PMNs toward zymosan-treated serum was inhibited in the presence of 5% propolis ointment. These results demonstrate that topical application of propolis extract is effective in inhibiting carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema, and its inhibitory effect on the chemotaxis of PMNs may also contribute to the antiinflammatory effect.     

The in vitro effect of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds on nitric oxide production

The in vitro effect of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds on nitric oxide (NO) production by murine macrophages was studied. Murine peritoneal macrophages were pre-incubated with the extract and then activated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharride. NO production was measured after 24 hours by spectrophotometry. The plant extract caused a dose-dependent decrease in NO production. Dialyzed preparation of the extract did not affect NO production. However, the boiled fraction of the extract resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of NO apparently comparable to that of the whole extract. These results indicate that the aqueous extract of N. sativa seeds exhibits an inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production by murine macrophages and the active component(s) is/are non-protein in nature. In view of the fact that nitric oxide is a pro-inflammatory mediator, this study validates the traditional use of the Nigella sativa seeds for the treatment of rheumatism.     

地黄血清药物化学的初步研究

目的：首次研究地黄的血清药物化学。方法：在建立地黄HPLC指纹图谱的基础上，通过比较地黄药材各提取部位、给药及未给药大鼠血清的HPLC指纹图谱，筛选、研究地黄的活性成分及其作用机理。结果：地黄水溶性部位给药组大鼠血清的HPLC指纹图谱与其他给药组及空白对照组有明显不同。结论：水溶性高分子部位是地黄的主要有效部位，对其血清药物化学的深入研究，将有助于阐明地黄的药理活性、作用机理。     

清胃黄连丸对急性胸膜炎大鼠抗炎作用探析

目的：考察清胃黄连丸对角叉菜胶诱导的大鼠胸膜炎的影响.方法：采用大鼠胸腔注射0.2mL 1％角叉菜胶诱导胸膜炎模型,根据胸腔渗出液体积、渗出液中白细胞计数、PGE2含量、TNF-α含量评价清胃黄连丸抗急性炎症的作用.结果：清胃黄连丸可显著降低急性胸膜炎大鼠渗出液体积及渗出液中白细胞总数、PGE2含量、TNF-α含量.结论：清胃黄连丸对角叉菜胶所致急性胸膜炎大鼠有明显的保护作用,作用机制可能与降低PGE2、TNF-α的含量有关.     

Effect of Pfaffia iresinoides on the experimental inflammatory process in rats

Antiinflammatory activities of aqueous and saponin extracts and ecdysterone obtained from Pfaffia iresinoides (Sprengel) were studied by using three experimental inflammatory models in rats. The saponin extract (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the leukocyte migration, particularly of mononuclear cells in the carrageenin-induced pleurisy. It also inhibited the granuloma tissue formation following cotton pellet implantation and the complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis. The aqueous extract, in the same conditions, was effective on both carrageenin-induced pleurisy and complete Freund's adjuvant arthritis. However, it did not alter the granuloma formation. The ecdysterone (5 mg/kg, p.o.), isolated from P. iresinoides, showed no effect on these inflammatory processes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antioxidant activities of some common ingredients of traditional chinese medicine, Angelica sinensis, Lycium barbarum and Poria cocos

The antioxidant activities of three popular ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, namely Angelica sinensis (AS), Lycium barbarum (LB) and Poria cocos (PC) were evaluated in this study. The results showed that aqueous extracts of these crude drugs exhibited antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner. All extracts displayed an inhibitory effect on FeCl2-ascorbic acid induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate in vitro, with the order of activity LB > AS > PC. The tested extracts showed a superoxide anion scavenging activity ranging from 28.8% to 82.2% and anti-superoxide activity varying from 38.0% to 84.5%. Among the different extracts, LB extract exhibited the lowest IC50 values (0.77-2.55 microg/mL) in all model systems tested in this study. The present study concludes that LB extract possessed the strongest inhibition on malondialdehyde formation in rat liver homogenate, and superoxide anion scavenging and anti-superoxide formation activities. These results also suggest that LB extract is a good source of antioxidant agent in the daily dietary supplement.