内镜下套扎加电切治疗大肠粗大息肉136例病理及疗效观察

目的 探讨大肠粗大息肉的大小、病理类型与息肉癌变关系及内镜下尼龙绳套扎联合电切的内镜治疗效果.方法 内镜下对直径1.6～3.0 cm的粗大息肉,于蒂部尼龙圈套扎后行高频电息肉切除.切除息肉按大小分组病理检查.息肉非局灶性恶变者进一步行手术根治,并定期肠镜追踪观察.结果 136例共158粒粗大息肉行套扎后电切除治疗,病理检查发现息肉癌变37粒,癌变率23.4％,息肉直径1.6～2.0 cm 93粒发现癌变17粒,癌变率18.3％.息肉直径2.1～2.6 cm 43粒癌变11粒,癌变率25.6％.息肉直径2.6～3.0 cm 22粒癌变9粒,癌变率40.9％.管状腺瘤息肉64粒,癌变15粒,癌变率44.4％,管状绒毛状腺瘤息肉47粒,癌变13粒,癌变率27.7％,绒毛状腺瘤息肉26粒,癌变9粒,癌变率34.6％.病理发现局灶癌变原位癌19例,占癌变息肉51.2％.非局灶癌变的早期大肠癌16例,占癌变息肉43.2％,均行根治手术,其中6粒(37.5％)术中发现息肉生长蒂部肠壁癌细胞浸润,2粒(1.3％)癌变息肉肠段近旁发现淋巴结转移.息肉切除患者无出血、穿孔并发症出现,定期肠镜未见异常.结论 大肠粗大息肉直径越大越易恶变,腺瘤性息肉是癌变的高危因素.采用内镜下尼龙绳套扎后电切除完整息肉组织,并病理检查能提高癌变息肉的诊断治疗,并发症少.     

结直肠腺瘤性息肉电切术后复发危险因素及随访间期探讨

[目的]分析与结直肠腺瘤性息肉电切术后复发相关的危险因素.探讨息肉电切术后合适的随访间期.[方法]回顾性分析327例结直肠腺瘤性息肉电切术后随访病例.分析首次结肠镜检查所发现腺瘤临床特征与腺瘤复发及癌变的关系.[结果]多因素回归分析显示,腺瘤复发与腺瘤个数、直径、不典型增生程度及病理分型呈正相关,与年龄、性别无关;息肉直径≥1 cm、个数≥3个、绒毛状腺瘤或绒毛管状腺瘤、中重度不典型增生属于高危病例,个数<3个、直径<1 cm、没有中重度不典型增生的管状腺瘤属于低危病例;低危病例不同随访间期腺瘤复发率或癌变率比较无显著性差异,而高危病例有显著性差异(P<0.05).[结论]腺瘤个数、直径、不典型增生程度、病理分型与电切术后复发相关.危险分层是区分高危和低危患者的有效方法;适当延长低危患者的随访间期是安全的.     

经结肠镜高频电切大肠息肉220例

结肠镜高频电切大肠息肉是简便、安全、有效方法 ,已被广泛接受。本文总结 2 2 0例经结肠镜高频电切大肠息肉的治疗效果。1　临床资料本院自 1998年 6月至 2 0 0 1年 4月应用Olym pusV - 70型电子结肠镜共检查 115 0例 ,检出大肠息肉 2 2 0例。其中男 134例 ,女 86例。男女之比为1.5∶1。年龄 6～ 80岁 ,平均 5 5岁。其中 5 0岁以上者15 4例 ,占 70 %。临床表现主要为腹部不适、粘液便或血便、腹泻、腹胀、不规则腹痛、大便习惯改变、有里急后重感。息肉直径 <1.0cm 6 5例 ,1.0～ 2 .0cm78例 ,>2 .0cm 77例 ,一般 0 .5～ 3cm。息肉形态 :有…     

内镜高频电切治疗大肠息肉的配合及护理658例

内镜高频电切治疗大肠息肉,因可通过电视荧屏显示出病变的大小、位置、形态及活动情况,给术者及配合者提供了极大的方便。1995年7月～2 0 0 3年5月我院利用高频电切治疗大肠息肉6 5 8例,效果较好,现将护理及配合体会总结如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料。6 5 8例患者中年龄5～78岁。男35 1例,女30 7例。息肉0 .2～3.0cm。病理组织学检查,腺瘤性息肉占5 8% ,增生性息肉占19% ,炎性息肉占2 3%。1.2　方法。将连接于高频电发生器的圈套器或热活检钳通过电子结肠镜的活检孔道送达肠腔内的病变部位,对息肉进行圈套或钳夹,然后通电利用高频电流通…     

大肠腺瘤性息肉临床病理特点及癌变相关因素分析

目的:探讨大肠腺瘤性息肉癌变的相关因素。方法:对大肠腺瘤性息肉及癌变患者的临床表现、内镜特点及病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果:5 651例结肠镜检查,发现并经病理证实大肠腺瘤性息肉379例957枚,检出率6.70%;30例32枚发生癌变,癌变率3.34%。大肠腺瘤癌变率随患者年龄和腺瘤直径增大而增加;无蒂腺瘤癌变率高于有蒂腺瘤癌(P<0.05)。癌变率在管状腺瘤、混合性腺瘤及绒毛状腺瘤组分别为0.61%、5.02%、14.96%,各组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。左半结肠与右半结肠腺瘤癌变率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:大肠腺瘤性息肉癌变与年龄、腺瘤大小、形态、组织学类型有关。     

大肠息肉高频电切后的术后随访

目的了解大肠息肉高频电切后的复（再）发情况。方法大肠息肉高频电切术后每一年用电子结肠镜进行复查，疑有恶变者每3个月一次，随访时间1～7年，所有病例均取活检送病理。结果110例大肠息肉电切后，复（再）发37例（33．6％）；多发性腺瘤59例，复（再）发25例（42．3％）；单发腺瘤12例，复（再）发4例（33．3％）；大于或等于1cm的腺瘤30例，复（再）发22例（73．3％），小于1cm的腺瘤41例，复（再）发7例（17．1％）。结论大肠息肉高频电切后的复发与大小、病理及是否多发关系密切。术后定期复查很重要，对于大于或等于1cm的多发性腺瘤，建议术后半年至一年内复查。     

内镜下胃息肉活检与电切术后病理差异的研究

目的明确胃息肉通过内镜下活检是否可以得到准确的病理结果,并探讨胃息肉的癌变情况。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年6月121例在山西医科大学第一医院消化科行内镜下息肉电切术的患者资料,对比研究内镜下胃息肉活检与电切术后组织的病理差异。结果 121例患者共检出148枚胃息肉,男女比例1∶1.75,平均年龄(55.5±11.0)岁;胃息肉平均大小(0.9±0.4)cm,山田分型中以Ⅱ、Ⅲ型胃息肉多见;胃息肉活检与电切术后的病理学差异率为27.0%,其中148枚胃息肉中有3枚在电切后诊断为息肉癌变,癌变率为2.0%。结论内镜下胃息肉活检与电切术后标本之间的组织学诊断有一定程度的差异。内镜下胃息肉活检并不能代表整个息肉病变,易误诊、漏诊癌变息肉。胃息肉有恶变潜能,虽然腺瘤性息肉恶变多见,但仍不能忽视增生性息肉恶变情况。     

27例大肠息肉癌变肠镜特点及诊治

目的 研究大肠息肉癌变肠镜病理特点及诊治。方法 回顾内镜下大肠癌变息肉分布，病理类型及诊治。结果 27例，共31个大肠息肉癌变，其中2例2次息肉癌变，1例3次息肉癌变，该组息肉癌变率为5．1％，癌变息肉主要分布在直肠及乙状结肠，共24例，占77．4％，癌变息肉的分布与息肉分布成正相关，绒毛状腺瘤癌变率最高，占22．9％，绒毛管状腺瘤12．9％，管状腺瘤最少见，为2．9％，1例息肉癌变是炎性息肉，〉12．0cm癌变息肉占整个癌变息肉71．0％，息肉癌变以无蒂息肉最高，其次是亚蒂，有蒂最低。活检诊断率为61．9％（13／21），内镜下切除诊断率为100％（16／16）。内镜切除16例，其中9例追加手术，15例直接手术。结论 对息肉，尤其是腺瘤应定期复查，甚至应终生定期复查，可明显提高早期癌发现率，减少活检漏诊率。     

内镜下黏膜切除术在大肠广基息肉治疗中的应用

目的 探讨内镜下黏膜切除术对大肠广基息肉的治疗价值.方法 利用结肠镜下染色、气量诱导试验及非抬起征,确定病变的范围及浸润深度,对82例大肠广基息肉患者共95个息肉行内镜下黏膜切除术,标本回收送病理检查.术后结肠镜随访.结果 所有息肉行内镜下黏膜切除术(endoscopicmucosal resection,EMR)切除.病理结果 增生性息肉8例,绒毛状腺瘤24例,管状腺瘤12例,绒毛状管状腺瘤54例,其中腺瘤伴中重度异型增生51例,局部癌变4例.无严重出血、穿孔等并发症.随访中,2例4 cm大小绒毛状腺瘤行分片黏膜切除治疗后1个月.原创面见0.5 cm大小息肉复发,予热活检钳钳除,随访1年未见复发.其余病例随访3～24个月未见复发.结论 EMR是治疗大肠广基息肉安全、有效的方法 .     

肠镜诊治大肠腺瘤癌变的临床价值

目的：探讨肠镜下大肠腺瘤的分布,大小,形态,病理特征与腺瘤癌变的关系及其诊治方法。方法：选择804例病理证实为大肠腺瘤或腺瘤癌变的病例,分析大肠腺瘤大小,位点,基镑特点和组织学特征对腺瘤癌变的影响。结果：发现804例共1126枚大肠腺瘤,腺瘤癌变46例（46枚）,癌变发生率4．1％,直肠乙状结肠腺瘤897枚,占腺瘤总数的79．7％,其中癌变腺瘤39枚,占癌变腺瘤总数的84．8％,直径大于2．0cm的腺瘤癌变率17．2（26／151）,1．0－2．0cm腺瘤癌变率为5．5％（15／271）,广基腺瘤癌变率为11．5％（26／226）,短蒂或亚蒂者为3．1％（18／574）,绒毛状腺瘤癌变率22．1％（21／95）,管状绒毛状腺瘤9．4％（15／159）,管状腺瘤1．1％（10／872）,结论：直肠,乙状结肠是大肠腺瘤及腺瘤癌变的好发部位,直径大于2．0cm腺瘤,广基腺瘤,绒毛状腺瘤和管状绒毛状腺瘤有较高的癌变危险性,积极治疗大肠腺瘤是防治大肠癌的有效措施之一。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.