拟血管性痴呆小鼠大脑皮层组织一氧化氮的变化及电针的影响

目的观察拟血管性痴呆小鼠大脑皮层组织一氧化氮(NO)的变化及电针的影响,探讨血管性痴呆的发病机理及电针的作用机制.方法复制脑缺血再灌注拟血管性痴呆小鼠模型,电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴,并与喜德镇对照,分别于术后7天、15天、30天,测定各组小鼠大脑皮层组织NO含量.结果模型动物的NO含量在15天有一高峰.电针和喜德镇对模型NO含量在7～30天观察期内未见明显影响.结论模型动物的NO含量在15天有一高峰.在7～30天期间,电针对该模型的治疗作用可能非NO途径,针刺即时至7天内对NO的影响,有待进一步观察.     

电针肾俞,膈俞,百会穴对拟血管性痴呆小鼠学习记忆影响

目的　观察电针对拟血管性痴呆小鼠学习记忆障碍的影响。方法　复制脑缺血再灌注拟血管性痴呆小鼠模型 ,电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴 ,分别于术后 7天、15天、30天 ,与药物喜德镇对照 ,采用跳台法 ,记录反应时间 (学习成绩 )、潜伏期 (记忆成绩 )。结果　造模致模型动物学习与记忆能力下降 ,表现为反应时间延长、潜伏期缩短 ,并随观察时间的延长而逐渐加重。电针和药物均可使模型动物的反应时间缩短、潜伏期延长 ,但电针组学习与记忆成绩均于 7天和 30天时 ,显著优于药物组 ,15天时的记忆成绩显著优于药物组。结论　电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴对模型动物学习与记忆能力下降有改善和提高作用 ,疗效优于喜德镇。     

电针肾俞，膈俞，百会穴对拟血管性痴呆学习记忆障碍小鼠水迷宫实验的影响

目的 观察电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴对拟血管性痴呆小鼠学习记忆障碍的影响。方法 复制脑缺血再灌注拟血管性痴呆小鼠模型，并电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴，分别于术后7天、15天、30天，与药物喜德镇对照，采用水迷宫法，记录游全程时间、错误次数。结果 造模导致了小鼠学习与记忆能力下降，表现为游全程时间延长，错误次数增加，且随着观察时间的延长，这种改变逐渐加重。电针和喜德镇均可使模型小鼠的游全程时间缩短，但电针组于7天和30天时，成绩显著优于药物组。结论 电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴对模型小鼠学习记忆能力下降有改善和提高作用。     

电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴对拟血管性痴呆学习记忆障碍小鼠水迷宫实验的影响

目的　观察电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴对拟血管性痴呆小鼠学习记忆障碍的影响。方法　复制脑缺血再灌注拟血管性痴呆小鼠模型 ,并电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴 ,分别于术后 7天、15天、30天 ,与药物喜德镇对照 ,采用水迷宫法 ,记录游全程时间、错误次数。结果　造模导致了小鼠学习与记忆能力下降 ,表现为游全程时间延长 ,错误次数增加 ,且随着观察时间的延长 ,这种改变逐渐加重。电针和喜德镇均可使模型小鼠的游全程时间缩短 ,错误次数减少 ,但电针组于 7天和 30天时 ,成绩显著优于药物组。结论　电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴对模型小鼠学习与记忆能力下降有改善和提高作用     

脑力苏胶囊对血管性痴呆小鼠学习记忆及行为学改善的影响

目的：通过脑力苏胶囊对血管性痴呆（Vascular Dementia VD）小鼠记忆及行为学影响的实验研究,探讨该方药对血管性痴呆小鼠学习记忆及行为学改善的效果及部分作用机理。方法：首先采用双侧颈总动脉结扎脑缺血再灌注的方法制备血管性痴呆小鼠模型,随机分为5组：模型组、假手术组、脑力苏高剂量组、脑力苏低剂量组、西药（喜得镇）组。术后2天开始给药,连续给药15天后进行行为学实验测定。结果：经脑力苏胶囊、喜德镇治疗后,小鼠学习记忆及行为能力有明显改善（P〈0.05）。结论：脑力苏胶囊具有一定的提高实验动物学习记忆能力的作用,提示脑力苏胶囊具有益智复元作用。     

醒脑启智胶囊对学习记忆障碍小鼠行为的影响

目的观察醒脑启智胶囊对血管性痴呆学习记忆障碍小鼠行为的影响,验证醒脑启智胶囊对血管性痴呆的疗效.方法复制脑缺血再灌注血管性痴呆小鼠模型,灌胃给药,并与银杏叶、尼莫地平对照,分别于术后7天、15天、30天,采用水迷宫法检测各组小鼠行为学变化.结果模型小鼠学习与记忆能力下降,表现为游全程时间延长,错误次数增加.醒脑启智胶囊可使模型小鼠游全程时间缩短,错误次数减少,优于对照药物.结论醒脑启智胶囊对模型小鼠学习与记忆能力下降有提高作用.     

脑力苏胶囊对血管性痴呆小鼠血清SOD和MDA的影响

目的观察脑力苏胶囊对血管性痴呆模型小鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,探讨脑力苏胶囊对血管性痴呆小鼠的部分作用机制,为临床应用提供一定的理论依据。方法首先采用双侧颈总动脉结扎脑缺血再灌注的方法制备成血管性痴呆小鼠模型,随机分为5组:模型组、假手术组、西药(喜得镇)组、脑力苏高剂量和脑力苏低剂量组。术后2 d开始给药,连续给药15 d后取血清测定SOD活性、MDA的含量。结果与模型组比较,脑力苏胶囊组能明显改善模型大鼠学习记忆能力,提高血清中SOD活性,其中以脑力苏低剂量组较为明显;脑力苏低剂量组、喜得镇组能显著降低血清中MDA含量。结论脑力苏胶囊可提高血清SOD活性,降低MDA含量,有改善实验性血管性痴呆模型小鼠学习记忆障碍的部分作用。     

通心络对血管性痴呆小鼠额叶皮质和海马环磷酸腺苷水平的影响

目的观察通心络对血管性痴呆小鼠学习记忆能力及额叶皮质和海马环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)水平的影响。方法通过双侧颈总动脉线结、连续3次缺血—再灌注,制作血管性痴呆动物模型,90只小鼠随机分为模型组(n=23)、假手术组(n=24)、喜德镇组(n=21)、通心络组(n=22);测试其学习和记忆成绩;且应用放射免疫法检测小鼠额叶皮质和海马cAMP水平。结果与假手术组比较,模型组学习和记忆成绩均降低(P<0.05),且额叶皮质和海马cAMP水平也降低(P<0.05);而与模型组比较,通心络组、喜德镇组学习和记忆成绩均改善(P<0.05),额叶皮质和海马cAMP水平升高(P<0.05)。但通心络组和喜德镇组比较,差异均无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论通心络能提高血管性痴呆小鼠额叶皮质和海马cAMP水平并改善其学习记忆能力。     

醒脑启智胶囊对学习记忆障碍小鼠行为的影响

目的观察醒脑启智胶囊对血管性痴呆学习记忆障碍小鼠行为的影响 ,验证醒脑启智胶囊对血管性痴呆的疗效。方法复制脑缺血再灌注血管性痴呆小鼠模型 ,灌胃给药 ,并与银杏叶、尼莫地平对照 ,分别于术后 7天、15天、3 0天 ,采用水迷宫法检测各组小鼠行为学变化。结果模型小鼠学习与记忆能力下降 ,表现为游全程时间延长 ,错误次数增加。醒脑启智胶囊可使模型小鼠游全程时间缩短 ,错误次数减少 ,优于对照药物。结论醒脑启智胶囊对模型小鼠学习与记忆能力下降有提高作用。     

绞股蓝总皂苷对血管性痴呆大鼠大脑皮层及海马的影响

目的 观察绞股蓝总皂苷（GP）对血管性痴呆大鼠大脑皮层及海马的DNA和RNA的影响。方法 采用改良的Pulsinelli-4血管阻断（4－VO）方法建立大鼠血管性痴呆模型，用吖啶橙染色法进行GP对血管性痴呆大鼠大脑皮层及海马的DNA和RNA保护作用的研究。结果 与正常对照组比较，血管性痴呆大鼠大脑皮层及海马的DNA和RNA吖啶橙染色后的荧光强度（反映DNA和RNA含量）明显减弱，GP200mg/kg ig给药组大脑皮层及海马的DNA和RNA吖啶橙染色后的荧光强度强于血管性痴呆模型组，与正常对照组相似。结论 GP可明显减轻血管性痴呆大鼠大脑皮层及海马的DNA和RNA损伤。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.