Polyphenol isolated from Corni Fructus, 7-O-galloyl-d-sedoheptulose,modulates advanced glycation endproduct-related pathway in type 2 diabetic db/db mice

Archives of Pharmacal Research - 7-O-Galloyl-d-sedoheptulose (GS) is the bioactive polyphenol isolated from the low-molecular-weight fraction of Corni Fructus (Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.)....     

Immunostimulating action of polysaccharides (heteroglycans) from higher plants

From the water or alcaline-water extracts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. and -angustifolia DC., Eupatorium cannabium L. and -perfoliatum L., Chamomilla recutita L. Rauscher, Calendula officinalis L., Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. B., Achyrocline satureioides DC., Arnica montana L., Sabal serrulata Roem. et Schult., and Eleutherococcus (Acanthopanax) senticosus Maxim. polysaccharide fractions with molecular weights in the range of 25 000 to 500 000 and higher have been isolated, which, according to the granulocytes- and carbon clearance tests, showed significant immunostimulating activities. The isolated compounds belong to the group of watersoluble, acidic branched-chain heteroglycans. Their immunostimulating activity is compared and discussed with respect to other polysaccharides of biological activity.     

Inhaltsstoffe von Boraginaceen, 9. Mitt. Anchusosid-11, ein neues Nebensaponin aus Anchusa officinalis L

Constituents of Boraginaceae, IX: Anchusoside-11, a New Minor Saponin from Anchusa officinalis L. From Anchusa officinalis L. the new pentacyclic triterpene Anchusoside 11 (1) has been isolated. Its structure was elucidated by IR-, ¹H-NMR-, ¹³C-NMR- and FAB-MS-data and by chemical degradation as 3-O-(β-D-Xylopyranosyl)-21-O-(β-sophorosyl)-3β,21β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (1) .     

马鞭草化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的从药用植物马鞭草 (VerbenaofficinalisL )中探索增强脑神经成长因子 (NGF)作用的生物活性成分。方法采用硅胶柱层析、SephadexLH 2 0柱层析等色谱手段进行分离 ,通过理化常数和光谱数据分析鉴定了其化学结构。利用PC12D细胞培养方法进行了增强脑神经成长因子作用的生物活性检验。结果从马鞭草乙醇提取物中得到 5个化合物 ,分别鉴定为 9 hydroxysem peroside(1)、verbenalin(2 )、ursolicacidlactone(3)、2α ,3β ,2 3 trihydroxyurs 12 en 2 8 oicacid(4)和tor menticacid(5 )。结论化合物 1、3、4和 5为首次从该种植物中分离得到。化合物 3具有增强脑神经成长因子作用的活性。     

Inhaltsstoffe von Boraginaceae, 6. Mitt. Anchusosid-4, ein neues Triterpensaponin aus Anchusa officinalis L.

Constituents of Boraginaceae, VI: Anchusoside-4, a new Triterpene Saponin from Anchusa officinalis L From Anchusa officinalis L. the new pentacyclic triterpene anchusoside-4 ( 1 ) has been isolated. Its structure was elucidated by IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and mass spectroscopy and by chemical degradation. The compound 1 is 21-O-β-D -glucopyranosyl-3β,21β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid.     

Medicinal Lamiaceae with antioxidant properties, a potential source of rosmarinic acid]

Hydroalcholic extracts from four native medicinal Lamiaceae, Lycopus europaeus L., Melissa officinalis L., Origanum vulgare L. and Prunella vulgaris L. have shown significant antioxidative activities, by free radical scavenger effect on DPPH, compared with those of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L. extracts. The antioxidative activity was partly in relation to the rosmarinic acid content. The major hydroxycinnamic compound, quantitatively determinated by HPLC, was present in large amount. The content in Prunella vulgaris L. spikes average 6.1%, based on dry weight.     

Inhaltsstoffe von Boraginaceae, 8. Mitt.1). Anchusosid-5, ein neues Nebensaponin aus Anchusa officinalis L.

Constituents of Boraginaceae, VIII: Anchusoside-5, a New Minor Saponin from Anchusa, officinalis L. From Anchusa officinalis L. the new pentacyclic triterpene Anchusoside-5 ;( 1 ) has been isolated. Its structure was elucidated by IR, ¹³C-NMR and mass spectrometry and by chemical degradation. The compound is 21-O-β-sophorosyl-3β,21β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid.     

Flavonoids from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L., Lamiaceae)

Six flavonoids have been isolated from the leaves of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L., Lamiaceae). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data (UV, 1R, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FAB MS) as luteolin, luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside, luteolin 3'-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside and luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside-3'-Obeta-D-glucuronopyranoside. The last three glycosides have been found in lemon balm for the first time and luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside-3'-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside is a new compound found in plants.     

Muscle relaxing activity of Hyssopus officinalis essential oil on isolated intestinal preparations

The muscle relaxing activity of the essential oil of Hyssopus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) and some of its main components (isopinocamphone, limonene and beta-pinene) was studied on isolated preparations of guinea-pig and rabbit intestine. The essential oil and isopinocamphone inhibited the acetylcholine- and BaCl2-induced contractions in guinea-pig ileum in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 42.4 microg/ml and 61.9 microg/ml to acetylcholine; 48.3 microg/ml and 70.4 microg/ml to BaCl2) whereas limonene or beta-pinene left tissue contraction unchanged. In guinea-pig ileum H. officinalis essential oil also blocked the contractions induced by CaCl2. In isolated rabbit jejunum the essential oil reduced the amplitude of spontaneous movements and decreased the basal tone; neither haemoglobin, methylene blue, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or propranolol blocked the myorelaxant effect.     

地榆正丁醇萃取层对人肝癌细胞株HepG2增殖和凋亡的影响及其机制

目的：利用正丁醇溶剂提取地榆中的鞣质（15.36％）,研究其萃取层对人肝癌细胞株HepG2增殖和凋亡的影响及其机制。方法用不同浓度的正丁醇萃取层作用于人肝癌HepG2细胞,通过MTT法检测细胞生长抑制率,流式细胞术检测肿瘤细胞凋亡率和细胞内活性氧（ROS）的含量。结果 HepG2细胞经不同浓度（100,150,200,250,300μg·mL-1）的地榆正丁醇萃取层作用48 h,细胞增殖明显受到抑制,其IC50为222.87μg·mL-1。不同浓度（200,400,600μg·mL-1）的地榆正丁醇萃取层作用于HepG2细胞48 h后,细胞的凋亡率和细胞内ROS的含量均明显高于空白组（P〈0.05）,且随着地榆正丁醇萃取层浓度的增加,HepG2细胞的凋亡率和细胞内ROS的含量也逐渐升高。结论地榆正丁醇萃取层可以浓度依赖性方式抑制人肝癌细胞株HepG2的增殖并促进其凋亡,这可能与其促进细胞内ROS的产生有关。     

山萸肉及其不同酒制品的UPLC特征图谱建立及色度值的差异性研究

目的:建立山萸肉及其不同酒制品的特征图谱,探讨其色度值的差异性,并进行化学模式识别分析.方法:采用超高效液相色谱法(UPLC).以马钱苷为参照,绘制10批山萸肉及其20批不同酒制品(酒炖、酒蒸)的UPLC特征图谱;采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012A)》进行相似度评价,确定共有峰;采用分光测色仪测定其色度值...     

傅里叶红外光谱法鉴别巴戟天及其伪品的研究

目的:为了快速准确地鉴别巴戟天及其伪品。方法:采用傅里叶红外光谱法对巴戟天药材及其常见伪品羊角藤、铁箍散、假巴戟和恩施巴戟进行测定,通过比较一、二级红外谱图相似度和特定谱段相似系数对其真伪进行分析。结果:在一、二级红外谱图上均可根据特征峰比对分析法和特征谱段相似系数法快速鉴别巴戟天及其伪品。结论:红外光谱法用于巴戟天药材真伪鉴别准确、快速,可以作为巴戟天药材真伪鉴别的一种现代化检测方式。     

RP-HPLC法测定迷迭香中鼠尾草酸和迷迭香酸的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时测定迷迭香药材中鼠尾草酸和迷迭香酸的含量。方法运用PhenomenexC18（250 mm×4.60 mm,5μm）为分析柱;柱温30℃;流动相为乙腈（A）-0.1%磷酸（B）梯度洗脱：0～10min,25%A,10～15 min：25%～75%A,15～25 min：75%A;流速1.0 mL min^-1;检测波长284 nm。结果迷迭香酸和鼠尾草酸与其他组分的分离效果好,两者分别在0.046 55～1.862 0μg和0.372 7～14.908μg呈良好的线性关系（r值为0.999 94和0.999 97）,平均回收率分别为99.0%（RSD=1.1%,n=9）和98.1%（RSD=1.5%,n=9）。结论该测定方法简便、准确、重现性好,方便了迷迭香药材中鼠尾草酸和迷迭香酸的含量测定。     

Anti-inflammatory activity of sappanchalcone isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L. in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model

Archives of Pharmacal Research - Sappanchalcone, a bioactive flavonoid isolated from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L. possesses anti-inflammatory effects. We studied the efficacy of...     

Mechanism of lidocaine release from carbomer-lidocaine hydrogels.

Rheology, acid-base behavior, and kinetics of lidocaine release of carbomer-lidocaine (C-L) hydrogels are reported. A series of (C-L)(x) (x = mol% of L = 25, 50, 75, 100) that covers a pH range between 5.33 and 7.96 was used. Concentrations of ion pair ([R-COO(-)LH(+)]) and free species (L) and (LH(+)) were determined by the selective extraction of (L) with cyclohexane (CH) together with pH measurements, i.e., CH in a ratio CH/hydrogel 2:1 extracted 48% of the whole concentration of lidocaine [L(T)] of a (C-L)(100), [[L(T)] = ([R-COO(-)LH(+)]) + (L) + (LH(+))]. The remaining species in the aqueous phase were distributed as: (L) 3.82%, (LH(+)) 14.5%, and [R-COO(-) LH(+)] 81.7%. Rheology and pH as a function of (C-L) concentration are also reported. Delivery rates of free base L were measured in a Franz-type bicompartmental device using water and NaCl 0.9% solution as receptor media. (C-L) hydrogels behave as a reservoir that releases the drug at a slow rate. pH effects on rate suggest that, under the main conditions assayed, dissociation of [R-COO(-)LH(+)] is the slow step that controls releasing rates. Accordingly, release rate was increased upon addition of a second counterion (i.e., Na(+)), or through the diffusion of neutral salts such as NaCl, into the matrix of the gel.     

中药厚朴有效成分的提取分离

目的：提取分离中药厚朴的有效成分。方法：以碱提酸沉法提取结合萃取与重结晶法提取分离厚朴中的酚类物质;采用阳离子交换树脂和硅胶柱提取厚朴中的生物碱。结果：分离得到厚朴酚与和厚朴酚,并且提取出脂溶性和水溶性两类生物碱。结论：上述方法提取分离厚朴中有效成分简单易行。     

Molecular authentication and quality control using a high performance liquid chromatography technique of Fructus Evodiae

In present paper, the properties of molecular authentication combined with the fingerprints of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were validated by analyzing ten batches of Fructus Evodiae samples (the dried nearly ripe fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH., Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH. var. officinalis (DODE) HUANG or Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH. var. bodinieri (DODE) HUANG). The results of this investigation show that the similarities of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were almost 100% in Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH. var. bodinieri (DODE) HUANG, 97% in Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH., and 96% in Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH. var. officinalis (DODE) HUANG. The percentage of identity between the two groups of Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH. var. bodinieri (DODE) HUANG and Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH. var. officinalis (DODE) HUANG is almost 96%, but the identity among the group of these three species is only 73%. The results show that Fructus Evodiae comes from three species respectively. The fingerprints of HPLC show that Fructus Evodiae revealed 20 major common peaks. And the three species have almost the same chemical constituents. ITS sequence fingerprint combining the fingerprint of HPLC can not only be developed to identify and distinguish the three species in detail, but also can be used for optimizing location where Fructus Evodiae has much higher bioactive constituents and yield.     

Valepotriate content in different in vitro cultures of Valerianaceae and characterization of Valeriana officinalis L. callus during a growth period

Differentin vitro cultures of Valerianaceae were analysed for valepotriate content [(iso)valtrate, acevaltrate, didrovaltrate] in a study on properties of productionin vitro (plant species, growth conditions, differentiation level, valepotriate content of the medium after growth). Thein vitro cultures were: callus cultures ofValeriana officinalis L., Valerianella locusta L. andCentranthus ruber L.DC.; a suspension culture ofValeriana officinalis L. and a root organ culture ofCentranthus ruber L.DC. All of the cultures produced valepotriatesin vitro in different amounts. None of the media that had served for growth contained any valepotriates. In order to characterize thein vitro growth more precisely different parameters were analysed at different time intervals during a growth period in one of the cultures (callus culture ofValeriana officinalis L.). These different parameters were: fresh and dry weight, lipid and nitrogen content and (iso)valtrate content. This study during a growth period was performed on two media differing in plant hormone content.     

迷迭香的三萜类化学成分研究

从昆明产的迷迭香（Rosmarinus officinalis,L.)的茎叶中分离得到五个三萜类化合物（I－Ⅴ）,经光谱等方法鉴定其结构为：α－香树素二十六烷酸脂（α－amyrin hexacosoatewa,I),α-白檀酮（α－amyrenone,Ⅱ）,桦木酸（betulinic acid,Ⅲ）,齐墩果酸（oleanolic acid,Ⅳ）,熊果酸（ursolic acid,V);其中I为一个新三萜。     

Studies on the genotoxic properties of essential oils with Bacillus subtilis rec-assay and Salmonella/microsome reversion assay

Genotoxic properties of essential oils from Anthemis nobilis L., Artemisia dracunculus L., Salvia officinalis L., Salvia sclarea L., Satureja hortensis L., Satureja montana L., Thymus capitatus L., Thymus citriodorus Schreb., Thymus vulgaris L., Citrus bergamia Risso, were studied with Bacillus subtilis rec-assay and Salmonella/microsome reversion assay. The essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus L. "Piemontese" turned out to be active in the rec-assay but not in the Salmonella test. DNA-damaging activity was demonstrated to be due to the estragol component of the oil. Advantages of the combined use of these two short-term microbial assays in genotoxic studies are discussed.