Accidental child poisoning with methylergometrine intended for the mother

(1) Erroneous administration to an infant of methylergometrine intended to treat postpartum haemorrhage in the mother can have severe repercussions for the child. (2) The risk is particularly high when the mother and newborn are being treated simultaneously immediately after delivery or in the postpartum period.     

An inhalation distribution model for the lactating mother and nursing child

A rule-of-thumb methodology is presented to assist in assessing risk to a nursing child due to the mother's occupational inhalation exposure. The method represents an example of the use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling using state-of-the-art computational techniques. A computer model is developed to describe distribution of non-metabolized, inhaled contaminants into a mother/child system as a function of the contaminant's blood:air and octanol:water partition coefficients. Risk is assessed in terms of the area under the blood concentration vs. time curve of the exposure chemical. Since low partition values yield low risk for the nursing child and high values yield high risk, the model is exercised over a range of intermediate values (blood:air = [2,25]; octanol:water = [100, 1500]). Results are thus applicable to chemicals for which the mother's dose is a strong factor in estimating the child's risk. The most notable observation is that, for the range of partition values used, this model never predicts a risk for the child greater than 25% of that of the mother. An equation is provided (based on model results) that expresses the child's risk as a fraction of the mother's risk.     

母乳喂养椅在母婴同室病房中的应用

目的 探讨母乳喂养椅在母婴同室病房中的应用价值。方法 选择萍乡市湘东区人民医院2019年1月至2020年1月符合母乳喂养的400例产妇,按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组各200例。对照组常规使用传统方法喂奶,观察组在责任护士指导下使用母乳喂养椅。比较两组的开始泌乳时间、开始母乳喂养时间、乳汁分泌量、纯母乳喂养成功率、哺乳舒适度及乳头皲裂发生情况。结果 观察组的开始泌乳时间、开始母乳喂养时间分别为（23.59±8.41）h、（57.86±5.47）min,短于对照组的（39.26±9.74）h、（102.45±25.23）min,乳汁分泌量多于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组的纯母乳喂养成功率（95.50%）高于对照组（73.50%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组的产妇哺乳舒适度（94.50%）高于对照组（81.00%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组的产妇乳头皲裂发生率（3.00%）低于对照组（14.50%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 母乳喂养椅应用于母婴同室病房产妇中能够减轻产妇哺乳时各种不适,促进母乳...     

86例妊娠期糖尿病的母儿影响研究

目的探索妊娠期糖尿病对母儿的影响。方法选取我院2009年3月至2012年8月收治的86例妊娠期糖尿病患者作为研究对象（GDM组）,选取同期的正常孕妇86例作为对照组,对比两组各项临床指标。结果GDM组剖宫产、早产、产后出血、羊水过多的发生率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;两组均出现新生儿并发症,GDM组的发生率明显高于对照组（32．6％VS．7．0％1。结论妊娠期糖尿病明显增加了妊娠并发症的发生率,影响新生儿的健康,应加强对GDM的管理,早期进行检查,可改善母儿结局。     

Pharmacokinetics of oxcarbazepine and 10-hydroxy-carbazepine in the newborn child of an oxcarbazepine-treated mother

Summary Gaschromatography — mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to determine plasma levels of oxcarbazepine (OCB) and its main metabolite in a newborn girl and her OCB-treated mother during the first five post partum days.At delivery the maternal and neonatal plasma concentrations were in the same range, indicating considerable placental transfer of both substances. In spite of ingestion of both substances via breast milk, there was no accumulation in the baby. On the fifth post partum day OCB and 10-hydroxy-carbazepine (10-OH-CB) levels in plasma in the newborn were only 12 and 7%, respectively, of the values found on the first day after delivery.     

气囊仿生助产技术对产程及母婴的影响

目的探讨气囊仿生助产技术对产程及母婴的影响。方法选择2016年5月~2017年3月本院收治经阴道分娩产妇300例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,两组各150例,对照组助产技术上未行特殊干预,观察组行气囊仿生助产,比较第一产程和第二产程耗时,统计两组新生儿1min及5min Apgar评分,及两组干预不同时间点疼痛程度,最后统计两组出现的会阴裂伤情况。结果观察组第一产程和第二产程耗时均显著短于对照组(P<0.05),1min和5min Apgar评分均优于对照组(P<0.05),观察组第二产程、产后24小时及出院时,患者疼痛VAS评分低于同时期对照组(P<0.05),观察组会阴完整比例大于对照组(P<0.05),会阴裂伤比例低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论气囊仿生助产能有效的缩短产程,减轻产妇疼痛,降低软产道损伤情况,提高分娩安全性。     

Advances in therapy for the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child

Introduction: Actually, ~17.8 million women and 1.8 million children (<15 years) are currently infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Particularly, the majority of pediatric infections (>90%) resulted from ‘HIV mother-to-child transmission’ (MTCT), both in pregnancy, labour, delivery and later by breastfeeding. Due to its high pediatric incidence, MTCT represents a public health concern.

Areas covered: In this review, we focus on available treatments and antiretroviral drugs recommended by the World Health Organization, and the main clinical investigations in antiretroviral pharmacotherapy to prevent the MTCT.

Expert opinion: The MTCT has been improved dramatically in the last few years mainly due to prophylactic perinatal antiretroviral therapy for pregnant women living with HIV. However, there is still a milestone to reach since HIV MTCT remains as a public health challenge associated with MTCT though breastfeeding (post-natal transmission). In this context, different strategies could be employed as an attempt to reduce pediatric HIV infections. One of them involves the improvement of patient adherence to the HIV therapy. One possible solution is the development of novel long-acting formulations for prophylaxis of mothers and children, and a second possible solution is increase the inclusion of mothers and infants in care programs to more effectively prevent the vertical transmission.     

Concentrations of lamotrigine in a mother on lamotrigine treatment and her newborn child

Objective: To investigate the transfer of lamotrigine in pregnancy and during lactation from a mother on lamotrigine treatment to her child. Methods: Concentrations of lamotrigine were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography in umbilical cord serum and in serum samples of the mother and her child as well as in the mother's milk during the first five postpartum months. Results: In the child lamotrigine serum concentrations (up to 2.8 μg ml⁻¹) comparable to those usually achieved in active treatment with lamotrigine were found not only after birth, but also during lactation. A considerable amount of lamotrigine (2–5 mg per day) was excreted in breast milk. No adverse effects were seen in the child. Conclusion: The transfer of lamotrigine taking place during pregnancy and lactation should not be neglected. In this case the child should be thoroughly observed for potential adverse effects. Received: 27 June 1996 / Accepted: 7 October 1996     

妊娠合并子宫畸形对母婴结局的影响

【摘要】目的探讨妊娠合并子宫畸形对母婴妊娠结局的影响。方法选择2009年3月～2011年12月本院产科病房收治的62例妊娠合并子宫畸形的产妇,并选择该时期正常子宫妊娠的产妇80例作为对照组,对两组的临床资料进行回顾性分析,研究妊娠合并子宫畸形对母婴妊娠结局的影响。结果在本院3387例分娩孕妇中,妊娠合并子宫畸形患者孕期并发症与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;妊娠合并子宫畸形组患儿围生期死亡率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,其他指标均差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论妊娠合并子宫畸形临床上对母婴的健康带来很大的危害,造成很多不良并发症发生,临床医生应该加强对孕产妇管理,尽早明确诊断,加强产时监护。     

自控硬膜外分娩镇痛对产程和母婴预后的影响

目的 研究罗哌卡因联合芬太尼于潜伏期即行硬膜外分娩镇痛的有效性及对母婴预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月-2010年12月期间在该院妇产科分娩的1 800例初产妇,其中600例自愿接受罗哌卡因联合芬太尼自控硬膜外镇痛的600例产妇为镇痛组,条件类似却未行镇痛的1 200例为对照组,记录两组产妇的镇痛效果、各产程时间、催产素使用情况、分娩方式、产后出血量、新生儿Apgar评分以及不良反应;测定分娩过程中规律宫缩时（T1）、宫口开全时（T2）、胎儿娩出时（T3）、胎盘娩出后30 min（T4）时的空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）并计算出胰岛素抵抗指数HOMA-IR.结果 所有产程阶段镇痛组的VAS评分均显著低于对照组;镇痛组潜伏期及活跃期时间均较对照组缩短,第二产程时间较对照组长,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组在第三产程时间以及总产程时间上无明显差异（P＞0.05）;镇痛组阴道分娩率、催产素使用率高于对照组;两组新生儿Apgar评分及胎儿窘迫率无显著差别;镇痛组可以减轻胰岛素抵抗程度和血糖升高程度.结论 罗哌卡因联合芬太尼于潜伏期用于PCEA可降低剖宫产率,提高顺产率,减轻胰岛素抵抗程度和血糖升高程度,且不增加母婴并发症,是一种安全、有效、值得大范围推广的分娩镇痛方法