双核素显像评价PCI术后心肌代谢与血流灌注

目的: 探讨18F-FDG葡萄糖代谢显像结合99mTc-MIBI静息灌注显像评价急性心肌梗塞(AMI)患者经皮冠心病介入治疗(PCI)后的心肌代谢及血流灌注.材料和方法: 用符合线路ECT对25例AMI患者在PCI术后2周行18F-FDG及99mTc-MIBI显像,通过圆周剖面半定量分析,评价局部心肌灌注、代谢和超声心动图检测的室壁运动功能之间的关系.结果: 术后2周运动正常心肌节段99mTc-MIBI%与18F-FDG%摄取值分别为83.7±15.7、89.4±13.6,比运动减弱节段(68.5±17.3、71.2±18.6)和无运动节段(32.3±14.9、56.1±18.8)高,(P<0.01);3个月后运动恢复心肌节段(n=67) MIBI%、FDG%分别为43.6±14.6、71.1±17.9高于运动未恢复节段(n=49) 的31.5±13.4、48.0±14.3高(P<0.01).室壁运动评分指数(WMSI)与99mTc-MIBI缺损%成正相关(r=0.791).结论: 心肌血流灌注、代谢显像能预测室壁运动改善,可用于临床判断PCI术后疗效.     

门控心肌灌注显像筛选冠心病介入治疗及其疗效的评价

目的探讨腺苷负荷/静息99mTc-MIBI门控心肌灌注显像(G-MPI)联合硝酸甘油(NTG)介入心肌灌注显像,筛选冠心病患者进行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),并且用腺苷负荷/静息99mTc-MIBI G-MPI评价治疗后的疗效。方法238例疑诊的冠心病患者均行腺苷负荷/静息G-MPI,间隔1～2天后对确诊为心肌梗死的68例患者继续行NTG介入心肌灌注显像,筛选出具有存活心肌的患者进行PCI治疗。治疗后6～12个月复查腺苷负荷/静息G-MPI,比较PCI术前及术后随访期G-MPI的定性与定量分析的结果。结果 68例心肌梗死患者NTG介入显像提示心肌存活患者51例,静息显像的524个异常灌注节段,NTG介入显像发现有242个节段灌注得到改善,改善率为46. 2%(242/524),NTG介入显像所获得的总评分SS低于静息显像SS(14. 62±5. 81 vs 18. 82±6. 37,P 0. 05)。51例心肌存活患者中33例患者行PCI术,术后腺苷负荷/静息G-MPI显示可逆性缺损区节段数、固定性缺损区节段数及负荷静息评分差值SDS均低于术前(204 vs 113,134 vs 92,5. 37±1. 96 vs 2. 49±1. 13,P值均0. 05)。患者PCI术后左室射血分数高于术前(55. 39±11. 71vs 48. 56±10. 27,P 0. 05),术后左室舒张末容积和左室收缩末容积低于术前(97. 98±29. 25 vs 112. 82±30. 38,45. 96±20. 77 vs 55. 64±21. 12,P值均0. 05)。结论负荷/静息G-MPI联合NTG介入显像能提高对心肌梗死患者存活心肌的检出,从而对PCI患者进行更为准确、合理的筛选,同时负荷/静息G-MPI对于术后患者预后及长期随访中也具有一定意义。     

冠状动脉介入治疗后缺血心肌恢复时间观察

目的：观察分析冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后7～14天、3个月运动／静息99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注显像，评估PCI术后缺血心肌完全恢复时间。方法：将冠心病不稳定心绞痛42例PCI术后7～14天、3个月分别行运动／静息99mTc—MIBI心肌灌注显像，并进行比较分析。结果：PCI术后7～14天运动／静息99mTc—MIBI心肌灌注显像比较，差异显著（P〈0．01）；而术后3个月运动／静息99mTc—MIBI心肌灌注显像比较，差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结论：PCI术后7～14天仍有部分缺血心肌未完全恢复血流灌注，而3个月后缺血心肌完全恢复血流灌注。运动／静息99mTc—MIBI心肌灌注显像是评估心肌血流灌注的有效方法。     

心脏核素显像对经皮室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的评价

目的探讨99Tcm甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)心肌灌注显像和平衡法核素心室显像在经皮室间隔化学消融术(PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的应用价值。方法8例肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者,于PTSMA术前3～6[平均(4±1)]d和术后7～15[平均(10±3)]d分别行99TcmMIBI静息心肌灌注显像和平衡法核素心室显像。计算室间隔和左心室侧壁放射性比值及室间隔缺损范围,左心室射血分数(LVEF)、高峰充盈率(PFR)和室间隔局部EF。结果8例患者术前心肌灌注显像均显示室间隔放射性浓聚。术后心肌灌注显像示7例部分室间隔放射性缺损,其中1例伴左心室下壁放射性缺损;术后室间隔和左心室侧壁放射性比值明显低于术前(0.76±0.14比1.15±0.11,P<0.01),室间隔缺损范围占左室的(6.42±1.29)%;仅1例室间隔放射性计数无明显变化。术后PFR明显高于术前[(2.29±0.24)EDVs比(1.62±0.28)EDVs,P<0.01],室间隔局部EF明显低于术前[(34±9)%比(57±7)%,P<0.01],但LVEF无明显变化。结论心脏核素显像有助于判断PTSMA所致心肌损害和心室功能变化。     

^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像假阴性与假阳性的临床分析

目的探讨^99mTc-MIBI（甲氧基异睛）心肌灌注断层显像与冠状动脉造影不一致的临床意义。方法136例临床诊断为冠心病患者,于冠状动脉造影术（CAG）前2周内行^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像（运动或药物负荷及静息显像）。以CAG为金标准,分析^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像假阳性与假阴性的临床意义。结果两者不相符合13例,^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像阳性而冠状动脉正常者10例,^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像阴性而冠状动脉造影阳性者3例。结论^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像阴性而冠状动脉造影阳性提示冠脉临界病变,^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像阳性而冠状动脉造影阴性提示冠脉微循环灌注不足。     

双核素心肌显像预测PCI术后心功能改善的评价

目的:探讨多巴酚丁胺201Tl负荷-再分布/硝酸甘油介入99Tcm-MIBI门控心肌灌注显像预测PCI术后心功能改善的作用.方法:69例临床怀疑有冠心病拟行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的病人进行多巴酚丁胺201 Tl负荷-再分布显像,显像结束后行硝酸甘油介入99Tcm-MIBI门控心肌灌注显像.心肌显像后2周内69例病人全部进行了经皮冠状动脉介入治疗.PCI术前及术后3个月心脏超声测定左室射血分数(LVEF).结果:①69例病人PCI术后左心室功能较术前有改善(△LVEF=4.78±2.4,t=2.02,P值<0.05).②左心室功能降低组术后心功能提高值明显高于左心室功能正常组(△LVEF=5.3±2.0对LVEF=3.1±2.9,t=2.83,P<0.05).③可逆性灌注缺损心肌节段数>3组术后心功能提高值明显高于可逆性灌注缺损心肌节段数≤3组(△LVEF=5.8±1.6对△LVEF=4.4±1.4,t=2.45,P<0.05).结论:多巴酚丁胺201Tl负荷-再分布/硝酸甘油介入99Tcm-MIBI门控心肌灌注显像能准确检出缺血且存活心肌,对PCI术后心功能改善有很好的预测价值.     

~(99m)Tc-MIBI潘生丁负荷心肌灌注断层显像评价冠状动脉支架术后血管再狭窄的价值

目的: 通过对冠状动脉(简称冠脉)支架植入前后进行静息和潘生丁负荷99mTc-MIBI断层显像(R-MPTI、P-MPTI),以了解SPECT在支架置入术前筛选、术后再狭窄评价中的价值.材料和方法: 95例冠心病患者在冠状动脉介入治疗前、术后3～6个月行R-MPTI和P-MPTI.潘生丁最大剂量时注射740MBq99mTc-MIBI,1h后行心肌断层显象;24h后重复静态心肌显象.与术后复查冠脉造影(CAG)对比,分析心肌灌注显像对支架术后再狭窄的诊断效果.结果: 95例冠心病患者共有855个心肌血流灌注节段,术前R-MPTI发现196个心肌血流灌注缺损,P-MPTI发现351个.支架置入后R-MPTI检查发现62个心肌血流灌注缺损病变节段,P-MPTI检查发现145个心肌血流灌注缺损病变节段.术后CAG随访92例,18例(18/92,19.6%)共29支血管发生再狭窄.按再狭窄冠脉支数计算,R-MPTI、P-MPTI对再狭窄的诊断准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为84.5%、92.6%; 59.5%、75.7%;95.7%、98.9%,所有指标均有显著差异(χ~2＝15.54)(P<0.01).结论: P-MPTI可以早期发现冠状动脉内支架术后再狭窄,诊断效率高于R-MPTI,有利于准确判断病情和指导治疗.     

静息MIBG显像和运动tetrofosmin显像缺损之间的一致性:静息MIBG显像作为可逆性缺血标志的可能性

目的 :为提供新的诊断可逆性心肌缺血的方法 ,本研究评价了经运动 -静息心肌灌注显像明确的固定性和可逆性放射性缺损心肌对 1 2 3 　 I-间碘苄胍 (1 2 3 　 I- MIBG)的摄取。方法 :5 4例男性有心肌梗死病史的缺血性心脏病病人 ,在间隔一周的时间内进行了运动 -静息 99Tcm - tetrofosmin心肌显像和静息 1 2 3　 I- MIBG心交感神经断层显像 ;局部放射性摄取定量分析以最大心肌放射性摄取 (% )来表达 ,计算静息有灌注但去神经心肌的面积和缺血心肌面积 ,将运动心肌灌注显像中 <75 %最高放射性摄取的区域根据静息显像中放射性摄取增高 >10…     

^99Tc^m-MIBI运动负荷-静息心肌灌注显像对冠心病患者经皮腔内冠状动脉血管成形术的疗效评价

目的 用^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（^99Tc^m-MIBI）运动-静息心肌灌注显像评价经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（PTCA）的疗效。方法20例冠心病患者在PTCA术前和术后应用^99Tc^m-MIBI行运动负荷．静息心肌灌注显像,并对图像进行半定量分析。其中8例患者于术后6个月再次心肌灌注显像。结果对20例患者的27支冠状动脉呈狭窄病变进行PTCA,术前血管的平均狭窄为（84．3±9．2）％,术后平均残留狭窄减为（31．2±9．1）％。运动负荷-静息显像显示可逆性缺损（心肌缺血）的心肌节段数由术前的55个（30．6％）减为术后的10个（5．6％）,差异有显著性（x^2=38．02,P〈0．005）。术后心肌灌注的改善率为81．8％,8例患者术后6个月心肌显像显示3例出现缺血节段,冠状血管造影证实为再狭窄。结论^99Tc^m-MIBI运动负荷-静息心肌灌注显像是一种有效的无创性的判断PTCA术后疗效及再狭窄的方法。     

双核素心肌显像检测存活心肌的对比研究

目的 对比多巴酚丁胺负荷201Tl/静息99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)双核素同步心肌断层显像及多巴酚丁胺负荷-再分布/再注射201Tl心肌断层显像法检测存活心肌的作用.方法 对160例临床怀疑有冠心病的患者予静息状态下静脉注射740 MBq99Tcm-MIBI,休息15 min后进行多巴酚丁胺负荷试验,在达到终止指标时静脉注射111 MSq201TICI.注射后观察5-lO min,分别行早期(10 min)、延迟(3 h)99Tcm-MIBI和201Tl双核素同步心肌断层显像.对早期负荷201Tl图像发现放射性缺损,延迟再分布201Tl和静息99Tcm-MIBI图像未见放射性填充的患者再注射37 MBq201TICI,30min后行再注射心肌灌注显像.负荷枷201Tl图像示放射性缺损,静息99Tcm-MIBI、再分布201Tl及再注射201Tl图像中发现任何一种放射性填充者均为存活心肌.断层显像后2周内全部患者进行了冠状动脉造影.采用SAS 6.12软件进行x2检验.结果 (1) 160例患者冠状动脉造影均发现冠状动脉狭窄.其中单支病变76例、双支病变5l例、三支病变33例.(2)152例多巴酚丁胺负荷201Tl图像发现放射性缺损的患者中,63例201Tl再分布和静息99Tcm-MIBI图像均发现放射性填充,5例201Tl再分布发现放射性填充而静息99Tcm-MIBI图像未见放射性填充,9例静息99Tcm-MIBI图像发现放射性填充而2001Tl再分布未见放射性填允,75例201Tl再分布和静息99Tcm-MIBI图像均未发现放射性填充,负荷201Tl-延迟再分布显像(66.0%,68/103)和负荷201Tl/静息99Tcm-MIBI显像(69.9%,72/103)鉴别存活心肌的灵敏度差异无统计学意义(x2=O.36,P>0.05).(3)75例201Tl再分布和静息99Tcm-MIBI图像均未发现放射性填充患者中,再注射201Tl显像后有26例放射性填充,再注射201Tl显像较单纯201Tl再分布或静息99Tcm-MIBI显像多检测出34.7%(26/75)患者有存活心肌.(4)8例多巴酚丁胺负荷201Tl、201Tl再分布图像和静息99Tcm-MIBI图像均未发现放射性稀疏,为假阴性,其中3例为三支冠状动脉病变,1例为双支冠状动脉病变(狭窄分别为90%及60%),3例为单支冠状动脉病变(狭窄<75%2例,85%1例),1例冠状动脉闭塞后有充分的侧枝循环.结论 多巴酚丁胺负荷-再分布/再注射201Tl心肌断层显像鉴别存活心肌优于多巴酚丁胺负荷201Tl/静息99Tcm-MIBI双核素同步心肌断层显像,是一种有效、无创的鉴别存活心肌的方法.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.