经尿道前列腺电汽化切除术(附100例报告)

１９９６年１２月～１９９７年１２月，对１００例良性前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）行经尿道前列腺电汽化切除术（ＴＵＶＰ）。术后随访１～１２个月，患者在尿流率、国际前列腺症状（ＩＰＳＳ）、生活质量（ＱＯＬ）评分、剩余尿（ＲＵ）等方面均有显著改善。ＴＵＶＰ兼有经尿道前列腺电切及经尿道前列腺激光治疗的优点，具有操作简便、去除增生组织量大、出血少、并发症低、恢复快、疗效显著等特点，是值得推广的新方法     

经尿道姑息性手术治疗晚期前列腺癌42例报告

目的　探讨前列腺癌致后尿道梗阻的治疗方法。　方法　应用经尿道前列腺切除术对有后尿道梗阻的４２ 例晚期前列腺癌进行治疗,其中１４ 例行经尿道Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ 激光（ 接触式） 前列腺切除术（ＴＵＬＰ） ,１０ 例行经尿道汽化前列腺切除术（ＴＶＰ） ,１８ 例行经尿道汽化切割前列腺切除术（ＴＵＥＶＰ）,同时联合内分泌治疗。　结果　４２ 例患者主、客观症状,最大尿流率（ ＭＦＲ）、剩余尿（Ｒ）均较术前明显改善,ＰＳＡ 由术前平均４８ ．８ｎｇ／ｍｌ 下降至术后３ 个月的平均３ ．２ｎｇ／ｍｌ 。１２ 例有明显骨痛患者,术后亦明显减轻或消失。　结论　对晚期前列腺癌致后尿道梗阻ＴＵＬＰ、ＴＶＰ 或ＴＵＥＶＰ都是安全可靠的姑息性治疗方法,在有效减少尿路梗阻所致的并发症同时,提高了患者的生活质量,为继续内分泌治疗创造有利条件     

经尿道前列腺电汽化与经尿道前列腺电切对BPH的疗效比较

对２４０例有症状的前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）患者分别行经尿道前列腺电汽化术（ＴＶＰ）和经尿道前列腺电切术（ＴＵＲＰ）。结果显示：１２０例ＴＶＰ手术者，前列腺症状评分（ＩＰＳＳ）从术前的２０．９下降至术后３个月的５．１（Ｐ＜０．００１），最大尿流率由１０．６ｍｌ／ｓ上升至１９．２ｍｌ／ｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＴＵＲＰ组１２０例，ＩＰＳＳ从术前的２１．２下降至术后３个月的５．２（Ｐ＜０．００１），最大尿流率由１０．２ｍｌ／ｓ上升至１９．４ｍｌ／ｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１），两组比较无显著差异性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。平均留置导尿管时间：ＴＶＰ组２６．５小时，ＴＵＲＰ组５０．７小时，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。术后阳萎发生率：ＴＶＰ组２．４％，ＴＵＲＰ组１４．５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＴＶＰ组术中无大出血及经尿道前列腺电切综合征（ＴＵＲＳ）发生，需输血者仅１例。ＴＵＲＰ组３例发生ＴＵＲＳ，输血１４例。比较结果：ＴＶＰ能达到与ＴＵＲＰ完全相同的治疗效果，且并发症少，价格相对较低，近期效果满意。     

经尿道电汽化术治疗前列腺增生症

经尿道电汽化术治疗前列腺增生症叶敏作者单位：２０００９２上海第二医科大学附属新华医院泌尿外科经尿道前列腺电汽化术（ＴＶＰ）是近年国际上刚开展的治疗良性前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）的新方法。其结合了经尿道前列腺电切术（ＴＵＲＰ）和激光凝固汽化前列腺（ＴＵＬＰ...     

经尿道汽化电切术治疗前列腺增生症（附42例报告）

我们自１９９７年１２月～１９９８年１１月采用经尿道前列腺汽化电切术（ＴＵＥＶＡＰ）共治疗良性前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）４２例,效果良好。报告如下。临床资料　本组４２例年龄５６～８４岁,平均７２－５岁。病程１～１１年,平均４－２年。均有严重的排尿困难,有尿潴留者２３例,术前行膀胱造瘘者１１例。ＩＰＳＳ（３１－２±１－２）分,ＱＯＬ（５－１±０－４）分;Ｂ超测定前列腺体积为（４４－７±９－５）ｍｌ;最大体积为９８－３ｍｌ,最大尿流率（ＭＦＲ）为（６－２±１６）ｍｌ／ｓ,剩余尿（Ｒ）为（１３１±４１－６…     

经尿道前列腺电汽化术的并发症及防治

目的　探讨经尿道前列腺电汽化术（ＴＶＰ） 术中及术后的常见并发症及产生原因,以提高ＴＶＰ 治疗效果。　方法　对３８０ 例有症状的良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ） 患者行ＴＶＰ 术。平均年龄６８－３ 岁。术前及术后测定血常规、血钠和血糖,术后随访１ ～３ 个月。　结果　本组无死亡率。术中平均出血８６ｍｌ,血常规、血钠及血糖变化不明显,发生经尿道电切综合征（ＴＵＲＳ） 先兆２ 例。术后尿道狭窄发生率为３－２％ ,继发性出血０－５ ％ ,尿路感染４－７ ％ ,阳萎２－３ ％ ,逆行射精４５－６ ％ ,无真性尿失禁。　结论　ＴＶＰ术中保持清晰的视野可预防ＴＵＲＳ 的发生。操作损伤是引起尿道狭窄的重要原因。术前控制尿路感染及保持前列腺窝内平整可减少尿路感染的发生     

经尿道前列腺电汽化术的合并症

报告５７例前列腺增生症患者在经尿道前列腺电汽化术（ＴＵＶＰ）治疗中发生６例次（１０．５％）合并症，其中ＴＵＲ综合征１例（１．８％），术后继发膀胱出血１例（１．８％），术后膀胱颈挛缩２例（３．５％）及尿道外口狭窄２例（３．５％）。分析了其发生原因并提出防治措施，所有患者预后良好     

腔内泌尿外科的一种新技术——经尿道前列腺汽化术

腔内泌尿外科的一种新技术———经尿道前列腺汽化术章咏裳庄乾元周四维我院自１９９５年９月起采用经尿道前列腺汽化术（ＴＵＶＰ）治疗ＢＰＨ３２例，取得较好疗效。临床资料本组病人年龄５６～６７岁。根据临床表现、前列腺触诊、经直肠Ｂ超诊断为前列腺增生症，ＩＰＳ...     

经尿道前列腺汽化电切术灌洗液吸收量的临床观察

经尿道前列腺切除术中灌洗液吸收是发生电切综合征 (ＴＵＲＳ)的主要原因。我们对 62例经尿道前列腺汽化电切(ＴＵＶＰ)患者术中与灌洗液吸收有关的参数进行了测定。现报告如下。材料与方法　 62例中、重度良性前列腺增生患者 ,分为耻骨上前列腺切除(简称耻骨上组 )和ＴＵＶＰ组。耻骨上组 2 0例 ,平均年龄 72岁。尿潴留 7例 ,ＩＰＳＳ( 3 0± 5 )分 ,Ｑｍａｘ ( 6.7± 3 .0 )ｍｌ/ｓ,Ｂ超前列腺体积 ( 76.5± 3 4.5 )ｍｌ,剩余尿 ( 15 0± 65 )ｍｌ。ＴＵＶＰ组 42例 ,平均年龄 69岁。尿潴留 19例 ,ＩＰＳＳ( 2 9± 5 )分 ,Ｑｍａｘ( 7.6±…     

经尿道前列腺电汽化联合电切术治疗前列腺增生症(附56例报告)

自１９９８年７月～１９９９年３月,采用经尿道前列腺电汽化（ＴＶＰ）联合经尿道前列腺电切（ＴＵＲＰ）术治疗前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）５６例,效果良好。报告如下。一般资料　本组５６例,年龄６１～８５岁,平均７２岁。病程２～１５年,平均４．５年。其中合并尿潴留４４例,术前留置尿管。经腹Ｂ超前列腺估重２２～７３ｇ,平均４５ｇ;ＩＰＳＳ症状评分为（２７．４±３．５）分,生活质量评分（ＱＯＬ）（４－９±０－４）分,ＭＦＲ（６．８±３．１）ｍｌ／ｓ。剩余尿（Ｒ）７０～２００ｍｌ,平均１１０ｍｌ。采用美国ＣＩＲＣＯ…     

Operative und instrumentelle Therapie bei BPH/BPS

In recent decades, several various interventional procedures for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have been developed. Most of them were considered potential alternatives to prostatic surgery such as open prostatectomy, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), or transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP). Despite good results observed in the initial clinical studies, most concepts and procedures were never generally accepted. However, they contributed considerably to general knowledge regarding the treatment of symptomatic and obstructive BPH. Only a few procedures could stand the test of time and became part of the urological armamentarium. Currently, interventional therapies are classified by their effects on prostate tissue: procedures with immediate tissue ablation (open prostatectomy, TURP, vaporization techniques, laser resection techniques), thermal coagulating procedures with delayed tissue ablation (transurethral high-energy microwave thermotherapy, transurethral needle ablation, interstitial laser coagulation), and other procedures (TUIP, stents) with deobstruction effects without tissue ablation. The analysis of clinical studies shows a great variety of different results. The main reason for this fact is that the design of past and present studies ignored the pathophysiological aspects of BPS, especially the obstructive component, and the fact that the outcome of most procedures more or less depends on the operator/user.     

三种经尿道前列腺切除手术的疗效比较

目的：比较前列腺增生症（BPH）的三种经尿道手术的治疗效果。方法：分别采用尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）、经尿道前列腺电气化术（TUVP）和经尿道接触式激光前列腺切除术（TULP）治疗BPH共357例。结果：TULP及TUVP的手术时间比TURP缩短,出血明显减少,膀胱冲洗时间、置管时间及住院时间均短于TURP。结论：三种经尿道手术方法都是治疗BPH的有效手段,其疗效TURP与TUVP相似,TULP稍逊,但TULP跟TUVP与TURP比较操作更易掌握,出血量及并发症更少,联合应用TUVP和TURP或TULP相TURP可缩短手术时间、增加前列腺切除量和提高疗效。     

A randomized controlled trial comparing transurethral resection of the prostate,contact laser prostatectomy and electrovaporization in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: urodynamic effects

PURPOSE: We compared urodynamic and uroflowmetry improvements in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) after transurethral prostate resection, contact laser prostatectomy and electrovaporization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of BPH who met the criteria of the International Scientific Committee on BPH, had a prostate volume of between 20 and 65 ml., and a Sch?fer obstruction grade of 2 or greater. Before and 6 months after treatment urodynamics and free uroflowmetry were performed. RESULTS: A total of 50, 45 and 46 men were randomized to transurethral prostate resection, laser treatment and electrovaporization, respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar in the 3 groups. Detrusor contractility did not change in any of the treatment groups. The average maximum free flow rate increased by a factor of 2.4 after transurethral prostate resection, 2.5 after laser prostatectomy and 2.4 after electrovaporization. The Sch?fer obstruction grade decreased by a factor of 0.3 in all groups. Obstruction (Sch?fer grade greater than 2) was not noted after transurethral prostate resection or electrovaporization but it was evident in 2 patients after laser prostatectomy. Effective capacity increased by a factor of 1.5 or more. The incidence of detrusor instability was decreased by half in all groups. The incidence of significant post-void residual urine volume decreased in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in the improvement in urodynamic and uroflowmetry parameters 6 months after treatment when comparing transurethral prostate resection, contact laser prostatectomy and electrovaporization in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of BPH.     

开放性手术、经尿道电汽化切割和组织间激光消融治疗良性前列腺增生的疗效评价

目的　评价开放性手术 (OP)、经尿道电汽化切割 (TUEVAP)和组织间激光消融 (ILC)治疗良性前列腺增生 (BPH)的疗效。　方法　BPH患者 2 82例 ,根据治疗方法分为OP(98例 )、TUEVAP(91例 )和ILC(93例 ) 3组 ,比较各组的手术时间、术中出血量、疗效及并发症等情况。　结果　OP组平均手术操作时间、术中出血量最多 ,ILC组最少。 3组术后主、客观症状均明显改善 ,OP组与TUE VAP组IPSS和Qmax的改善程度优于ILC组 (P <0 .0 5 )。OP、TUEVAP和ILC组平均留置导尿时间分别为 185、76和 36 2h ,术后即刻并发症 (住院期 )发生率分别为 2 8.9%、16 .7%、14 .8% ,再手术率分别为 1.0 %、6 .6 %、16 .1%。　结论　OP组疗效最佳 ,但手术创伤大 ;TUEVAP组疗效与OP组接近 ,创伤较OP组小 ;ILC组疗效最差 ,但创伤最小。     

A randomized controlled trial comparing transurethral resection of the prostate,contact laser prostatectomy and electrovaporization in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: analysis of subjective changes,morbidity and mortality

PURPOSE: We analyze subjective changes, morbidity and mortality in men with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) after transurethral resection of the prostate, contact laser prostatectomy and electrovaporization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted on men with lower urinary tract symptoms, who met the criteria of the International Scientific Committee on BPH, had a prostate volume between 20 and 65 ml., and had Sch?fer's obstruction grade 2 or greater. Objective morbidity was recorded for up to 12 months. Subjective morbidity was measured by a questionnaire completed by patients. Subjective changes were quantified using the International Prostate Symptom Score, Symptom Problem Index, Quality of Life question and BPH Impact Index. These indexes and the morbidity questionnaire were measured weekly for the first 6 weeks postoperatively and then at 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: Transurethral prostatic resection was analyzed in 50 men, laser treatment in 45 and electrovaporization in 46. Baseline characteristics, and changes in the symptom scores up to 12 months postoperatively were similar. Perioperative blood loss and perforation were greatest in the resection group, and retention was greatest in the laser group. During the first 6 postoperative weeks there was less pain and less hematuria after resection, and less incontinence after laser prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective changes are similar for transurethral prostatic resection, contact laser and electrovaporization. In the first 6 weeks after treatment there are only slight differences in pain, hematuria and incontinence among the therapies.     

Historical Aspects of Laser Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

The gold standard treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been the transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). However, this procedure is associated with a number of complications, and other surgical therapies, including laser prostatectomy, have been developed to overcome these issues. Laser prostatectomy involves tissue coagulation or vaporization. Coagulation of the tissue results in debulking of the gland through sloughing of necrotic tissue, while vaporization results in an instantaneous debulking of prostatic tissue. The laser procedures developed over the past decade include visual laser ablation of the prostate using the neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser. Clinical outcome with this procedure shows good results up to 3 yr. The same laser can be applied through direct insertion of the laser fibres into the prostate in a procedure termed interstitial laser coagulation. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate is one of the most investigated of the laser procedures and is associated with a good outcome over a long follow-up period. One drawback is the high degree of training required to master the technicalities of the procedure. The latest addition to laser therapy for BPH is photoselective vaporization of the prostate. This procedure results in rapid vaporization of prostate tissue with good outcome up to 5 yr reported. The procedure can be applied to large glands, patients in retention, and those on anticoagulants. Clinical evidence now exists on the effectiveness of both the holmium and potassium-titanyl phosphate lasers, and these therapies now represent a valid clinical alternative to TURP.     

Comparative study of transurethral laser prostatectomy versus transurethral electroresection for benign prostatic hyperplasia

BACKGROUND: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the gold standard treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Recently, less invasive transurethral laser prostatectomy, such as visual laser ablation (VLAP) or interstitial laser coagulation (ILCP), have been developed. Herein, we investigated the efficacy of VLAP and ILCP compared to TURP. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with BPH were treated: 20 patients by VLAP, 30 patients by ILCP and 30 patients by TURP. All patients were followed up for 12 months after their operations. Treatment outcomes were evaluated by four different criteria: (i) the International Prostatic Symptom Score (I-PSS), (ii) the maximum flow rate (Qmax), (iii) postvoided residual urine volume before treatment and one, three, six and 12 months after treatment, and (iv) prostatic volume before operation and three and six months postoperatively. RESULTS: The I-PSS, Qmax and residual urine volume were significantly improved compared to baseline levels and the improvement continued for 12 months in the three groups: for I-PSS (P<0.001 in the VLAP group and P<0.0001 in the ILCP and TURP groups), Qmax (P<0.001 in the VLAP and ILCP groups, and P<0.0001 in the TURP group), residual urine volume (P<0.01 in the VLAP group and P<0.0001 in the ILCP and TURP groups). Significant reduction of the prostatic volume was recorded only in the ILCP and TURP groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Visual laser ablation and ILCP can be good alternative treatments for BPH. Visual laser ablation provides good outcomes in patients with small-sized BPH and with risk factors such as heart disease or anticoagulation therapy.     

Techniques and long-term results of surgical procedures for BPH

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview on the current status of the long-term outcomes of instrumental treatment options for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms that are suggestive of bladder outlet obstruction. METHODS: Based on MEDLINE database searches, we performed a systematic review of the literature with a focus on peer-reviewed articles about surgical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) therapy published between 2000 and 2005. Special emphasis was given to randomized controlled trials on long-term outcome with a minimum follow-up of five years. RESULTS: Data on clinical outcome with a follow-up of more than 10 years are available for open prostatectomy (OP), transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), and transurethral microwave therapy. Studies with a follow-up of at least five years are obtainable for transurethral incision of the prostate, transurethral vaporisation of the prostate, transurethral needle ablation of the prostate, Holmium:YAG laser enucleation of the prostate, potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser vaporization of the prostate, and interstitial laser coagulation of the prostate. Among these long-term reports, OP and TURP provide the most durable results. CONCLUSIONS: The most substantial long-term data on surgical procedures for BPH are available for conventional therapy, namely TURP. Concerning the techniques that have emerged within the last decade, there is clear evidence that the outcomes are more sustainable for truly ablative and thus deobstructing procedures.     

Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Larger than 100 ml: Simple Open Enucleation Versus Transurethral Laser Prostatectomy

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common causes of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in aging men. Over the age of 60, more than a half of men have BPH and/or bothersome LUTS. Contemporary guidelines advocate surgery as the standard of care for symptomatic BPH after failure of medical therapy, where the choice of the appropriate surgical procedure depends on the prostate size. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and simple open prostatectomy (OP) have been considered for decades the reference-standard techniques for men with prostate smaller and larger than 80 ml, respectively. However, both procedures are potentially associated with considerable perioperative morbidity which prompted the introduction of a variety of minimally invasive surgical techniques with comparable long-term outcomes compared to TURP and OP. Nevertheless, the management of prostates larger than 100 ml remains a clinical challenge. Transurethral anatomical enucleation of the prostate utilizing different laser energy represents an excellent alternative concept in transurethral BPH surgery. These procedures gained popularity and demonstrated similar outcomes to OP with the advantages of favorable morbidity profiles and shorter catheter time and hospital stay. Despite the fact that OP remains a viable treatment option for patients with bothersome LUTS secondary to very large prostates, this procedure has been to a large extent replaced by these emerging enucleation techniques. Given the advent of surgical alternatives, the current review presents an evidence-based comparison of the efficacy and safety profile of the currently available transurethral laser techniques with the standard OP for the management of BPH due to adenomas larger than 100 ml.     

A comparison of transurethral prostatectomy with visual laser ablation of the prostate using the Urolase right-angle fiber for the treatment of BPH

Summary The use of right-angle laser fibers for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has gained widespread acceptance over the past several years. The number of right-angle fibers introduced into the marketplace has continued to grow, but most fibers have not been evaluated thoroughly with properly designed clinical trials. The Urolase fiber has undergone the most extensive clinical trials conducted to date. This report reviews the significant clinical trials with particular emphasis on the comparison of transurethral prostatectomy with visual laser ablation of the prostate. From these initial results, it would appear that laser ablation using the Urolase fiber is a safe and effective surgical therapy for men with symptomatic BPH. From our analysis, it would appear that transurethral prostatectomy provides a greater degree of symptomatic improvement as compared with transurethral resection of the prostate. It is important to consider that these are some of the earliest clinical trials assessing the efficacy of laser prostatectomy and that technological advancements are likely to improve the clinical outcome.