野战充气式药材箱的研制

目的：研制野战充气式药材箱,便于卫生工作者在战时与平时各种突发事件发生时顺利开展工作。方法：采用HYPALON橡胶材料、内部可折叠合金支架与若干个气囊、气囊柱等组合制成野战充气式药材箱。结果：该箱可满足药材储存和展开工作的需要,便于撤收,携带方便。结论：该箱能在战时与平时各种突发事件发生时使用,既具有密封防潮、防冲击与飘浮等功能特点,又解决了原有器材体积大,任务结束后不能撤收、运输困难等问题。     

野战医用冰箱的研制

目的：研制适合野战应急条件下使用的新型野战医用冰箱。方法：通过对野战医用冰箱致冷系统、隔热系统、电控系统的研究设计,全面提升野战医用冰箱在野战应急条件下的致冷性能、携运性能和温控性能。结果：该野战医用冰箱的研制大幅提高了半导体致冷冰箱的实用温差范围,符合野战应急条件下的战术、技术指标要求。结论：该野战医用冰箱实用温差大、自动化程度高、适用范围广,可倾斜、耐振动,对进一步提高军队箱组类装备的战备药材保障能力具有重要意义。     

野战医疗所(队)手术器械包模块化设计应用研究

运用模块化组合原理设计了新型野战医疗所（队）手术器械包，时传统野战手术器械箱组编配模式进行革新，达到了集约化、便携化和标准化要求，提高了卫勤保障效能。     

野战医用冰箱致冷系统的研究

为满足新时期野战及应急条件下部队药材的保存与携运要求，对野战医用冰箱的致冷系统进行了研究。通过对普通半导体致冷技术进行全方面改进，大幅度提高半导体致冷装备的实用温差，克服了压缩机冰箱在野战中使用无法承受运输途中产生的倾斜、振动和跌落的缺点，增强了野战医用冰箱在野战及应急条件下的适用性，对进一步完善我军箱组类装备的战备药材保障能力具有十分重要的意义。     

平战结合便携式医学检验箱的研制

目的:设计一种平战结合多功能、便携式医学检验箱。方法:采用不锈钢等材质制成自带电源、有操作平台及4个载物抽屉的便携式医学检验箱,应用于野战及应急条件下的医学检验工作。结果:在野战及应急条件下,该检验箱发挥了快速医学检验的作用,达到了提高总体救治保障效果的目的。结论:该检验箱适用于野战及应急条件下的快速医学检验工作,有效地配合了伤员的医学救治。     

一种用于放置监护仪的野战护理箱设计

目的：设计一种放置监护仪的野战护理箱,以适用于极端环境下使用。方法 ：该护理箱采用低密度线性聚乙烯制作,为箱式结构,箱盖与箱体由不锈钢蝴蝶扣连接,箱体内部由支撑架、阻尼伸缩杆、双向开口滑块、监护仪托板等部件组成,并铺设海绵。箱体底部设置万向轮、气囊装置、雪橇等部件。结果：该野战护理箱对监护仪等贵重仪器能起到保护作用,且能实现移动、漂浮功能。结论：该野战护理箱实用性强,值得推广应用。     

氧化电位水洗消箱组的研制

目的:研制氧化电位水洗消箱组,以提升军队卫勤装备的保障能力.方法:氧化电位水洗消箱组将氧化电位水洗消技术搭载到移动平台,整个箱组由氧化电位水洗消箱和氧化电位水单兵便携洗消仓组成.其中氧化电位水洗消箱为非金属高分子复合材料箱仓式全封闭结构:氧化电位水单兵便携洗消仓为聚四氟乙烯密闭结构.结果:该装备操作简便,具有“可移动、防震、防高温、防寒、防潮排湿”的特点,在野战条件下、自然灾害发生时能机动至现场进行消毒洗消.结论:该氧化电位水消毒箱组操作简单快捷,提高了部队的洗消能力.     

一种多功能野战手术器械箱的设计开发

目的：设计开发多功能野战手术器械箱，以不断提高野战手术救治的工作效率和安全服务质量。方法：根据野战救治实际，结合现代外科手术特点进行研究。结果：设计开发了多功能野战手术器械箱，并说明其主要功能和操作方法等。结论：多功能野战手术器械箱的功能先进，使用方便，具有良好的应用前景。     

野战卫勤车辆装载存在的问题及改进方法

阐述了野战卫勤车辆WCY-2002型野战手术车、NJ2045XJH救护车、野战急救车、WCD-2000型卫生防疫车驾乘人员的携行物资装载及战材箱取放药品时存在的问题,并提出相应的改进方法。该方法切实可行,在实际训练中得到了验证。     

野战医用水处理和供应系统的研究

目的：研究一套完整的野战水处理和供应系统,以满足抢险救灾、野外推演训练时医疗用水的需求。方法：完整的野战水处理和供应系统可以分为水处理和供水两部分。水处理部分采用滤过、沉淀、消毒、吸附以及离子调节等手段,使得从水源汲取的原始水达到生活和医疗用水的水质;供水部分通过增压、缓冲、稳流等技术,配合各种转接灵便的管路、阀门和快速接头．组成高效的供水管网。结果：研制的野战水处理和供应系统,具有供水水质有保证、水量充足、水流稳定、水压符合要求、系统运行安全可靠、故障率低、节省能耗等优点,满足了野战医疗用水需要。结论：通过系统的合理设计和优化．证实便携、低能耗的野战水处理和供应系统的研究完全可行,系统的实施为提高野战医疗的应急救治、机动灵活能力提供了保证。     

药物利用研究与合理用药

药物是治病防病的重要物质。药物的合理利用与人们的健康水平密切相关,也是医院现代化管理的重要组成部分。药物利用研究是解决合理用药的有力工具之一,目的在于建立用药的合理性、安全性和有效性的质量保证体系。近年来,药物利用研究在医院逐步展开,它是医院了解药品使用规律的重要手段之一。本文阐述了药物利用的概念、发展、作用及意义,合理用药的现代涵义。论证了医院开展药物利用研究是合理用药的根本,是医院可持续发展的保障。     

Training of general practitioners in interpreting chest radiographs

Easily accessible chest and skeleton roentgen examinations are needed in primary health care. In Finland the health centres perform about a third of all roentgen examinations. Many of the films are interpreted by health centre doctors at least in the primary phase. About 40% of them are chest radiographs. In 2640 chest radiographs interpreted by general practitioners the final roentgen diagnosis was pathological in 54%. Pathological conditions were totally overlooked in 13%. Of normal cases 19% were interpreted falsely positive. The greatest need for general practitioners' training is in the common findings in the chest, for example cardiac insufficiency and inflammatory as well as atelectatic changes in the lungs. Pulmonary findings in children proved difficult to interpret and were proposed as a subject for training. The role of poor image quality in interpretation errors must be emphasized when less experienced doctors interpret chest films. If regular radiological consultation is not available, postgraduate training in diagnostics of chest radiographs should be considered in the training of specialists in general practice as well as in their supplementary training.     

县级结核病防治机构胸部X线诊断现状分析

目的 分析胸部X线诊断在结核病控制工作中作用，以及结核病防治机构胸部X线诊断能力，培训情况，提高胸部X线诊断水平。方法 分析2003年结核病登记报表资料，2003年底全国结核病人力资源调查数据资料，两个西部省胸部X线诊断培训班课前测试资料，1994～2004年结核病影像文献数据资料。结果 99．9％的初诊结核病疑似患者进行了胸部X线检查，肺结核检出率33．8％。65．5％县级结核病防治机构影像诊断人员，每日阅片少于3张，70．0％为初级职称或无职称，90．8％为本科以下学历。各级举办各类X线诊断培训班次仅占2．7％，接受培训人次仅占0．4％。结论 应重视结核病防治机构X线诊断能力的培训，尤其是县级人员的培训，增加培训的频度，开展形式多样的培训方式，改善培训质量。     

Das problem der unkonventionellen medizinischen Methoden-dargestellt am Beispiel der „besonderen Therapierichtungen“

“Special therapies” (homoeopathy, anthroposophical medicine, and phytotherapy) play a particular role in the field of unconventional, i. e. scientifically unproved and not generally acknowledged medicaments and measures. This is because-contrary to other such methods-they are incorporated in medicament and social insurance regulations. However, conditions of release and/or registration of these medicaments which, according to the 1976 German law, are facilitated, do not conform to international standard of medicament examination. Therefore, rigorous execution of these rules would ruin any chance of these hitherto admitted “particular medicaments” to stay on the market. It is these commercial considerations which play an essential part in the discussion about indispensable requirements of medicament examination. This is demonstrated in detail. It is recommended to give preference to efforts on behalf of medicament safety as well as conformity to international standards. This would be in the best interest of the people.     

一种新型野战营连药箱的研制

目的：研究开发新型野战营连药箱,以满足基层营连在平时和野外训练时的卫生保障需求方法：根据军队营连药材的基本标准和现有营连药柜在功能、组成和结构等方面存在的不足,结合基层单位的基本任务实际和特点对药箱的内部结构进行模块化设计,结果：该新型野战营连药箱的内部模块可任意组合,便于携行和野外展开时撤收,且功能较为齐全。结论：该新型野战营连药箱结构紧凑、功能设计合理、使用方便,具有良好的应用前景。     

Assessment of respiratory rate and chest indrawing in children with ARI by primary care physicians in Egypt.

In a baseline study for training purposes, two indicators of acute respiratory infections (the respiratory rate (RR) and chest indrawing) were assessed by Ministry of Health physicians in Egypt using a WHO test videotape. Chest indrawing, as defined by the WHO Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) programme, was not widely recognized by current health personnel. Viewing a WHO training videotape led to significantly more correct assessments of chest indrawing compared with a group that had not viewed this videotape. The accuracy of using a timer versus a watch, and a 30-second versus 60-second counting interval was also evaluated. Rates counted over 60 seconds were more accurate than 30-second counts although the difference between them was not clinically significant. Counting of rates using timers with audible cues was comparable to using watches with second hands. Careful training of primary health workers in the assessment of RR and chest indrawing is essential if these clinical findings are to be used as reliable indicators in pneumonia treatment algorithms.     

The role of chest radiography in patients presenting with anterior chest pain to the Accident & Emergency Department.

The chest radiological findings and outcomes of 120 consecutive patients attending the Accident & Emergency Department with anterior chest pain were recorded prospectively to investigate the value of routine chest radiography in their management. Twenty-one patients (17.5%) were excluded because of incomplete information. Thirty-seven radiological abnormalities were identified in 33 (33%) of the remaining 99 chest X-rays. Seventeen of the abnormalities identified in 14 (14%) of the chest X-rays were clinically significant. The casualty officer's interpretation of 70 (70%) of the chest X-rays was correct, but 36 errors were made interpreting the other 29 chest X-rays. Of these errors, 19 were false negative errors, resulting in the mismanagement of two patients and 17 false positive errors, resulting in the mismanagement of four patients. It appears that a routine chest X-ray provides little information of practical value in the management of patients with anterior chest pain attending an Accident & Emergency Department, unless the training of medical students and junior doctors in the interpretation of chest X-rays is improved.     

药物导入肿瘤治疗仪的研制

目的：研制一种药物导入肿瘤治疗仪，探讨一种治疗部分肿瘤疾病（肝癌、肺癌、肠道癌、胰腺癌等）的新方法。方法：根据药物导入理论，结合医学、电子学和计算机原理和技术，采用微处理器完成数据处理和治疗控制。结果：开发的药物导入肿瘤治疗仪具有实用价值。结论：该治疗仪采用单片机控制，使中药的有效成分通过电致孔和毛孔导入人体内部，到达病灶部位发挥作用。     

医用双腔十二指肠气囊管的临床应用及研究

胃内灌注药物及胃肠道营养是目前临床工作中的重要治疗措施，广泛应用于内、外、妇、几各临床科室，为挽救患者生命及提高患者生存质量起了很重要的作用。目前胃内渡注药物不足之处是药物的吸收不佳，副作用大，胃肠道营养不发吸收，肠道手术后的吻合口瘘发生率存在。我们研制的双腔十二指肠气囊管佳，舌，胃肠道营养不充分吸收时间，减少药物副作用，延长营养吸收时间，控制营养物质摄取量。经床的双腔及气囊，可有效延长药物吸收时     

基于粗糙集的数据挖掘技术在医学诊断中的应用

粗糙集是研究不精确性、不确定性、不完整性现存信息或知识的数学工具。基于粗糙集理论的数据挖掘技术，通过数据训练集所训练得到的算法模型能够有效用于疾病诊断。该技术应用于胸痛发展结果的预测、ICU应急诊断、肺肿瘤辨别诊断、类风湿类型的辨别诊断、乳腺疾病诊断、胎儿早产的诊断、肝病分类诊断、急性阑尾炎分类诊断，在医学数据挖掘中有着良好的发展前景。