Immunoautoradiographic determination of β1−G-globulin in the blood serum of patients with trophoblastic tumors

The results of determination of _1–G-globulin by immunoautoradiographic (IAR) and immunodiffusion (ID) methods in the blood serum of patients with trophoblastic tumors are compared. When negative results were obtained by the ID method, _1–G-globulin was found by means of the IAR method in seven of eight tests in chorionepithelioma of the uterus before treatment and in seven of 21 tests of the blood serum from patients of the same group after treatment. In the early stages of development of chorionepithelioma of the uterus (the state after hydatidiform mole, malignant hydatidiform mole) _1–G-globulin was found by the IAR method 4.5 times more frequently than by the ID method. This globulin was also found by the IAR method in testicular teratoblastoma with elements of chorionepithelioma. No -globulin could be found by the IAR method in the blood serum of other oncologic patients or donors.Department of Biochemistry, Problem Laboratory for Immunochemistry of Malignant and Embryonic Tissues, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. Laboratory of Immunochemistry of Tumors, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Kraevskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 80, No. 9, pp. 86–89, September, 1975.     

Role of injury in the appearance of “activated” smooth muscle cells

In experiments on rats the ultrastructure of the muscle tissue of the inferior vena cava after disturbance of the outflow of blood, of the muscular coat of the stomach after resection of 50% of its fundus, and of the muscular coat of the cecum after constriction of its ascending portion was studied. Activation of smooth muscles was shown to reflect the phase of injury to the ultrastructure of the cells, followed by processes of intracellular regeneration. Analysis of the ratio between DNA-synthesizing and activated cells showed the local origin of the latter from differentiated myocytes.Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. No. 4 Main Board, Ministry of Health of the USSR. Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 112–115, July, 1977.     

Effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone and thyroxine on cytochrome oxidase activity in the rat adenohypophysis

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), in a dose of 0.01 and 1.0 g/ml, sharply increased cytochrome oxidase activity in the adenohypophysis of rats fed for 6 weeks with methylthiouracil. This effect of TRH on enzyme activity was blocked by thyroxine (T₄), if added to the incubation medium in a concentration of 20 g/ml. Actinomycin D (20 g/ml) prevented the blocking of cytochrome oxidase by T₄. TRH in a concentration of 0.01 g/ml and T₄, in a dose of 2.0 g/ml, caused no change in cytochrome oxidase activity in the adenohypophysis of intact and partially thyroidectomized rats.Laboratory of Biological Standardization of Hormones, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Hormone Chemistry, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Yudaev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 11, pp. 559–562, November, 1977.     

Comparative immunochemical and physicochemical study of the specific β-globulins of pregnancy

Specific -globulins of pregnancy of rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs and human _1G-globulin were shown to be similar in their physicochemical properties. Their dynamics and distribution in the pregnant organism also were similar. These proteins evidently perform similar functions in man and animals.Department of Biochemistry, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Yu. M. Lopukhin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 8, pp. 213–216, August, 1978.     

Pattern of hyperlipidemia in rats with chronic renal failure

The character of the hyperlipidemia was studied in rats with chronic uremia caused by removal of five-sixths of the total weight of kidney tissue. The blood cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations were almost twice the normal level 13–30 days after subtotal nephrectomy in the rats with uremia. The hyperlipidemia was more marked when the blood nonprotein nitrogen level was high. The serum triglyceride concentration was not increased. The total concentration of serum -and pre--lipoproteins, determined nephelometrically, was significantly increased only if the nonprotein nitrogen exceeded 80 mg%. Disk electrophoresis of the serum lipoproteins of the rats with uremia revealed a definite increase in the -lipoprotein concentration and a very small increase in the -lipoprotein concentration. Postheparin plasma lipolytic activity in the rats with uremia was normal. Massive proteinuria was observed in the experimental rats, but the hypoproteinemia was not significant.Nephrology Problem Laboratory, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical Institute. Pathomorphological Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR E. M. Tareev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 6, pp. 676–679, June, 1978.     

Dynamics of reactivity of mesenteric microvessels in rats with experimental renal and hormonal hypertension

Reactivity of mesenteric arterioles 10–30 in diameter to application of histamine (100–500 g) adrenalin, and noradrenalin (1–10 g) was studied in rats with experimental renal and hormonal hypertension. The sensitivity of the microvessels to the vasoactive substances was shown to vary with the stage of development of experimental hypertension.Laboratory of General Pathophysiology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 2, pp. 150–152, February, 1976.     

Effect of antihepatocytotoxic serum on cellular and intracellular regeneration of the pathologically changed liver

Parameters of regeneration of the liver (mitotic index, DNA synthesis, volume of hepatocyte nuclei, and histological structure) were studied in experiments on adult male rats with liver damage induced by CCl₄ and receiving injections of antihepatocytotoxic serum (-AHCS) during regeneration of the liver after CCl₄ poisoning; cellular and intracellular forms were found to predominate at different times. -AHCS given in a dose of 0.06 g protein/100 g body weight per injection stimulates and prolongs regeneration of the liver at both cellular and intracellular levels.Department of Immunology and Cytotoxic Sera, A. A. Bogomolets Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Gorev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 89, No. 3, pp 368–370, March, 1980.     

Biosynthesis and production of specific β1-globulin in rats during pregnancy

Specific ₁-globulin of pregnancy was found in the blood serum of rats on the 6th–7th day of pregnancy. Its concentration reached a maximum toward the end of pregnancy. It was no longer detected on the 3rd–4th postnatal day. The site of synthesis of this globulin is the placenta. Other organs of pregnant rats were unable to incorporate radioactive amino acids into this protein in vitro.Department of Biochemistry and Laboratory for Problems of the Immunochemistry of Malignant and Embryonic Tissues, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. N. K. Kol'tsov Institute of Development Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of the Medical Sciences of the USSR Yu. M. Lopukhin.) Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 7, pp. 51–53, July, 1979.     

Changes in blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels during self-stimulation and avoidance reactions

Change in the blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels during self-stimulation and avoidance reactions were studied in rabbits of both sexes. Self-stimulation was accompanied by a significant fall in the blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. During the avoidance reaction the character of changes in the cholesterol level varied. In avoidance reactions of the aggression type the blood cholesterol was raised, whereas in reactions of the fear type it was lowered. The maximal deviation of the blood cholesterol from its initial level in all types of reactions was observed 15–30 min after stimulation.Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Circulation, All-Union Cardiological Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Neuronal Structure, Brain Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR E. I. Chazov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 87, No. 3, pp. 211–214, March, 1979.     

Effect of antihepatocytotoxic serum on DNA synthesis in the rat

Incorporation of thymidine-³H into parenchymatous and reticulo-endothelial cells of the liver was studied autoradiographically in adult female rats treated with small doses (0.06 g/100 g body weight per injection) of antihepatocytotoxic serum (AHTS), the -globulin isolated from it (AHTS), and the -globulin fraction of normal rabbit serum (NRS) to intact animals and to rats with liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). Following injection of AHTS and, to a lesser degree, of AHTS into intact animals the index of labeled nuclei of both the parenchymatous and the reticulo-endothelial cells was increased. When given after preliminary CCl₄ administration, AHTS stimulated reparative regeneration. The action of AHTS took place in phases: A period of increase in the index of labeled nuclei was followed by a period of decrease, and this again was followed by a fresh period of stimulation of proliferative processes.Department of Immunology and Cytotoxic Sera, A. A. Bogomolets Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Gorev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 7, pp. 75–78, July, 1978.     

Changes in fractional composition of platelet proteins in experimental acute radiation sickness

Platelet proteins of healthy and irradiated rats were divided into 13 fractions by anodic electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. In rats with acute radiation sickness the content of platelet proteins with electrophoretic mobility corresponding to prealbumin, albumin, -globulin, and fibrinogen was reduced whereas content of proteins with mobility corresponding to - and -globulins was increased.Department of Radiation Pathological Physiology, Research Institute of Medical Radiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Obninsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 80, No. 7, pp. 49–51, July, 1975.     

Response of cardiomyocytes of the right heart to trauma of the left

A myocardial infarct in the left ventricle was produced in adult rats weighing 120–160 g by ligation of the left coronary artery; the left atrium was injured; or a mock operation was performed and the pericardium was removed. On the fifth day after the operation dividing myocytes were found in the right atrium (mitotic index 0.7–8.8) and in the subepicardial zone of the right ventricle (mitotic index 0.8–2.9). In old rats weighing 300–430 g, on the third day after the various types of injury to the myocardium, mitotic activity was found in the myocytes of the left auricle (1–5.1), and in one of eight cases in the right auricle (4.2); single mitoses also were found in the subepicardial zone of the left ventricle.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 610–612, May, 1977.     

Synthesis and localization of α-fetoprotein during regeneration of the liver in mice

The main site of localization of -fetoprotein (FP) in mouse liver regenerating after CCl₄ poisoning or partial hepatectomy was in the typical mature hepatocytes that account for not more than a few per cent of the total number of residual hepatocytes. Morphologically they were indistinguishable from the main mass of hepatocytes and they retained on their surface bile capillary antigen. The change in their number and in the brightness of their fluorescence in liver sections corresponded to the dynamics of the FP level in the animals' serum. During regeneration of the liver in mice FP is evidently produced mainly by mature hepatocytes.Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Diagnosis of Tumors, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR O. V. Baroyan.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 10, pp. 1251–1254, October, 1976.     

Role ofβ-adrenoreception in realization of glycogenolytic and lipolytic effects of an excess of thyroid hormones

Experiments on rats showed that chronic administration of the -adrenoblocker propranolol in doses blocking glycogenolytic and lipolytic effects of exogenous adrenalin, does not prevent the fall in the glycogen level in the liver and myocardium and the rise in the serum free fatty acid level and in the lipolytic activity of adipose tissue in vitro arising under the influence of large doses of thyroxine.Laboratory of Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Hormone Chemistry, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Yudaev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 12, pp. 667–669, December, 1979.     

Comparative immunochemical analysis of specific β-globulins of the “pregnancy zone” in humans and other mammals

It was shown by immunodiffusion analysis that the specific ₁-globulin of human pregnancy and the analogous -globulins of other mammals (rats, guinea pigs) possess an individual antigenic structure. Animals of closely related species (rats and mice) were shown to have immunologically similar -globulins, which are evidently synthesized in the placenta, in their blood serum during pregnancy.Department of Biochemistry and Labotatory for Problems in Immunochemistry of Malignant and Embryonic Tissues, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Yu. M. Lopukhin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 10, pp. 1223–1225, October, 1976.     

Blocking factor of normal animal serum inhibiting immunological responses in vitro

The sera of Wistar and noninbred rats of different ages and sexes were found to contain an extremely thermostable factor, resistant to various chemicals, which inhibits the action of normal and immune antibodies against the red blood cells and serum antigens of rats. The blocking factor is relatively species specific and is more active in respect of the action of normal than of immune antibodies. The activity of the blocking factor is connected with ₁-globulin.Research Laboratory of Experimental Immunobiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov). Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 80, No. 11, pp. 70–73, November, 1975.     

Effect of the superior colliculus on function of the contralateral lateral geniculate body in cats

Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Brain Integrative Activity and Section Brain and Behavior,, A. I. Karaev Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR, Baku. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR O. S. Adrianov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 3, pp. 227–229, March, 1991.     

Some mechanisms of the different effects of sucrose on the blood and liver lipid levels in experimental animals

Experiments on rats showed that inclusion of sucrose in the composition of diets with a high or normal carbohydrate content accelerates synthesis of apoproteins of pre--lipoproteins in the liver and their loading with endogenously formed lipids and facilitates the more rapid secretion of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLP) into the blood stream and a raised blood triglyceride level. However, the rate of complex formation between lipids and protein of the pre--lipoproteins in the liver also depends on the relative proportions of the carbohydrate and lipid components in the diet. On a diet with sucrose in which the ratio between carbohydrates and fats is physiological (21), a lower level of lipid loading of the apoproteins of pre--lipoproteins is found, with a consequent increase in the lipid content in the liver.Institute of Nutrition, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. S. Debov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 12, pp. 675–677, December, 1977.     

Acid phosphatase in the mucosa of the small intestine after exposure to various doses of γ-rays

It was shown by electrophoresis in agar gel and electron microscopy that acid phosphatase activity and the structure of the cells synthesizing the enzyme depend on the dose of -irradiation and the time elapsing thereafter.Research Institute of Medical Radiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Obninsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. A. Zedgenidze.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 8, pp. 172–176, August, 1978.     

Aggravation of injury to liver lysosomes of rats with CCl4 hepatitis by preliminary prolonged administration of chlorpromazine

Preliminary prolonged administration of chlorpromazine (5 mg/kg for three weeks) aggravated the injury to liver lysosomes of rats with acute CCl₄ hepatitis. Similar marked changes were observed in lysosomes sedimented with heavy and light mitochondrial fractions.Central Scientific-Research Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, Novosibirsk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician, of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 38–41, January, 1977.