Survivin基因在大肠癌中的表达与生物学特性的关系

目的　研究Survivin基因在大肠癌中的表达与生物学特性的关系。方法　免疫组织化学法检测 83例大肠癌组织及癌旁正常组织Survivin的表达。结果　Survivin在大肠癌组织中阳性表达率为 68.7% ,而在癌旁正常组织不表达 ,按Dukes分期 ,C、D期阳性率高于A、B期 (P <0 .0 5) ,低分化、中分化、高分化癌组织阳性率无差异 (P >0 .0 5) ,肿瘤直径大于 5cm与小于 5cm者阳性率无差异 (P >0 .0 5)。结论　Survivin基因在大肠癌中高表达 ,与Dukes分期相关 ,但与癌组织分化程度、肿瘤大小无关     

MACC1在大肠癌中的表达及其与淋巴结转移的关系

目的探讨结肠癌转移相关基因-1(MACC1)在大肠癌患者癌组织、癌旁正常黏膜组织以及不同转移潜能大肠癌细胞系中的表达情况,探讨MACC1表达与大肠癌侵袭转移的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学法检测77例大肠癌患者癌组织及其癌旁正常黏膜组织中的MACC1的表达情况,分析大肠癌患者癌组织的MACC1表达与淋巴结转移、神经侵犯和临床分期等的关系;采用免疫细胞化学法检测不同转移潜能大肠癌细胞株中的MACC1的表达情况。结果大肠癌患者癌组织的MACC1阳性表达率显著高于癌旁正常黏膜组织,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。发生淋巴结转移的大肠癌患者其癌组织的MACC1阳性表达率(97. 3%)显著高于无淋巴结转移患者(55. 0%),有神经侵犯的患者其癌组织的MACC1的阳性表达率(100. 0%)显著高于无神经侵犯的患者(60. 4%),Ⅲ期患者其癌组织的MACC1的阳性表达率(90. 0%)显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者(60. 0%,50. 0%),差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。患者癌组织MACC1的表达与其性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级、浸润深度无关(P 0. 05)。MACC1在高侵袭转移潜能SW620细胞中的表达明显强于在低侵袭转移潜能SW480细胞中的表达(P 0. 05)。结论大肠癌患者癌组织MACC1高表达,发生淋巴结转移、神经侵犯和高级别临床分期患者癌组织MACC1高表达,MACC1在高侵袭转移潜能SW620细胞中的表达较强,MACC1的表达情况与癌细胞的侵袭和转移能力密切相关。     

p57kip2蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义探讨

目的　探讨细胞周期调控抑制因子 p5 7kip2 蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)表达在胰腺癌发生发展中的作用及其临床意义。方法　采用免疫组织化学技术SP法 ,检测p5 7kip2 和PC NA在 32例胰腺癌组织和癌旁胰腺组织中的表达情况。结果　p5 7kip2 蛋白阳性表达率在胰腺癌组织中为 46 9% ,显著低于癌旁胰腺组织 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并与胰腺癌组织分化程度有关 (P <0 0 5 )而与淋巴结转移无关 ( χ2 =3 698,P >0 0 5 ) ;PCNA蛋白阳性表达率在胰腺癌组织中为71 9% ,显著高于癌旁胰腺组织 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并与胰腺癌组织分化程度和淋巴结转移均有关 (P<0 0 5 )。结论　p5 7kip2 、PCNA可能与胰腺癌发生、发展密切相关 ;p5 7kip2 蛋白表达降低、PCNA蛋白过度表达有助于胰腺癌的发生及细胞分化程度及预后的判定 ,但 p5 7kip2 蛋白低表达与胰腺癌淋巴结转移无关     

血管内皮生长因子与结肠及直肠癌淋巴结转移的关系

目的 :研究结肠及直肠癌活体组织中血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)、p53蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)表达与淋巴结转移的关系。方法 :应用病理学诊断的方法检查淋巴结有无癌细胞转移。直肠癌组织标本做VEGF、p53蛋白和PCNA免疫组织化学染色。结果 :VEGF阳性表达的结肠及直肠癌患者淋巴结转移率为 65 .91 % (2 9/ 4 4 ) ,VEGF阴性的患者淋巴结转移率为 1 9.2 8% (1 6/ 83) ,差异有极显著意义 (χ2 =1 2 .0 777,P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;而p53及PCNA阳性表达的患者淋巴结转移和阴性表达患者的淋巴结转移之间差异无显著意义。结论 :结肠及直肠癌组织中VEGF的表达可为患者的淋巴结转移情况的判断及预后提供重要的参考依据     

胰腺癌p27kip1、视网膜母细胞瘤基因蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原表达及与临床病理关系的研究

目的　探讨细胞周期负性调控因子p2 7kip1,视网膜母细胞瘤 (Rb)基因蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原 (PC NA)在胰腺癌发生、发展中的作用。方法　应用免疫组织化学技术 (SP法 ) ,对 32例胰腺癌及癌旁组织中p2 7kip1、Rb蛋白和PCNA表达进行检测。结果　p2 7kip1蛋白阳性表达率在胰腺癌组织中为 5 6 2 5 %,显著低于癌旁胰腺组织 (84 37%) (P <0 0 5 ) ,并与胰腺癌组织分化程度及淋巴结转移相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ;Rb基因蛋白阳性表达率在胰腺癌组织中为 5 0 0 0 %,显著低于癌旁胰腺组织 (78 13%) (P <0 0 5 ) ;PCNA阳性表达率在胰腺癌组织中为 71 87%,显著高于癌旁胰腺组织 (4 3 75 %) (P <0 0 5 ) ,并与胰腺癌组织分化程度和淋巴结转移均相关(P <0 .0 5 )。结论　p2 7kip1、Rb基因蛋白和PCNA与胰腺癌发生、发展密切相关。     

大肠癌组织中血管生成与凋亡、增殖的关系

目的　研究血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)、微血管密度 (MVD)在大肠癌组织中的表达 ,并探讨血管生成与细胞增殖和凋亡的关系。方法　应用RT PCR检测 5 2例大肠癌组织 ,4 8例癌旁黏膜组织中VEGFmRNA表达 ,序列分析验证PCR扩增的正确性 ;免疫组化法检测 5 2例大肠癌组织中VEGF蛋白的表达及MVD、凋亡指数 (AI)和增殖指数 (PI)。结果　大肠癌组织中VEGFmRNA阳性表达率为 76 .9% ,癌旁组织为 5 2 .1 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ,VEGFmRNA在大肠癌远处转移组表达高于无转移组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,DukesD期高于DukesA、B期 ,差异有显著性 (P值均 <0 .0 1 )。扩增的VEGF与人VEGF序列具有 98%的同源性。大肠癌组织中VEGF蛋白阳性表达率为 5 5 .8% (2 9/5 2 )。VEGF表达阳性组的MVD(2 1 .1± 8.2 )与阴性组 (1 3.9± 5 .0 )比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,阳性组PI(5 6 %± 2 1 % )与阴性组(4 2 %± 1 6 % )比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,阳性组AI(0 .86 %± 0 .4 2 % )与阴性组 (0 .95 %± 0 .36 % )比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。VEGF表达与MVD(r=0 .5 39,P <0 .0 1 )、PI(r =0 .4 0 9,P <0 .0 1 )呈正相关 ,而与AI(r=- 0 .2 6 4 ,P >0 .0 5 )无明显相关关系。结论　VEGF不仅与大肠癌的血管生成有关 ,而且在大肠癌的细胞增殖中起     

Bcl-2与PCNA在大肠腺瘤和大肠癌中的表达

目的　探讨增殖细胞核抗原 (proliferatingcellnuclearantigen ,PCNA)与原癌基因bcl 2在大肠腺瘤和大肠癌中的表达变化以及与大肠腺瘤和大肠癌的发生、发展的关系。方法　采用免疫组化S P法 ,分别检测PCNA与bcl 2在 18例大肠腺瘤和 18例大肠癌中的表达。结果　PCNA在大肠腺瘤和大肠癌中的标记指数分别为 65 95± 12 94%和 84 5 3± 10 3 9% ,两者均明显高于正常肠粘膜中的指数 ,P <0 0 0 1,两者相比有显著性差异 ,P <0 0 1。Bcl 2在大肠腺瘤和大肠癌中的表达分别为 81 10± 10 0 0 %和 65 78±12 95 % ,两者均明显高于正常肠粘膜中的表达P <0 0 0 1。两者相比有显著性差异 ,P <0 0 1。结论　大肠癌的癌前病变腺瘤中存在活跃的细胞增殖 ,而且同时有细胞凋亡的改变 ,细胞增殖和细胞凋亡的调控失常共同导致了肿瘤的发生。     

Survivin在原发性肝细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的　Survivin是凋亡抑制蛋白中的一种 ,选择性地表达于恶性肿瘤组织。该文研究Sur vivin基因在原发性肝细胞癌中的表达及生物学意义。方法　收集 2株肝细胞癌细胞株 ,4 0例原发性肝癌组织标本及相应的癌旁组织 ,以Westernblotting法检测Survivin蛋白表达 ;半定量RT PCR法检测SurvivinmRNA表达 ;肝癌细胞凋亡指数采用原位末端标记法检测。结果　 2株肝癌细胞株和 85 % (34例 )的肝癌组织表达Survivin蛋白和mRNA ,而癌旁组织内无一例阳性表达。Survivin蛋白表达的阳性率在肝内转移组为 93.5 % ,显著高于肝内无转移组 (5 5 .6 % ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;在门静脉癌栓浸润组为 92 .8% ,显著高于无门静脉癌栓浸润组 (6 6 .7% ,P <0 .0 5 )。RT PCR显示 ,2株肝癌细胞株和 85 .0 % (34例 )的肝癌组织表达SurvivinmRNA ,与Westernblotting的结果一致 ,SurvivinmRNA的表达水平在肝内转移组 (1.10 5± 0 .396 )和门静脉癌栓浸润组 (1.137± 0 .4 0 4 )中 ,显著高于肝内无转移组 (0 .5 72± 0 .0 82 )和无门静脉癌栓浸润组 (0 .6 2 7± 0 .12 2 ,P <0 .0 5 )。所有肝癌组织标本中均可检测到凋亡细胞 ,但Survivin表达阳性组的凋亡指数 (1.15 2 %± 0 .32 6 % )显著低于Survivin表达阴性组 (4.5 0 2 %± 0 .830 % ,P <0 .0 5     

胆囊癌组织中树突状细胞与PCNA表达及意义

研究胆囊组织中树突状细胞 (DC)浸润程度和增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)表达与浸润、转移的关系并探讨DC和PCNA表达的相关性。用免疫组化SP法检测 4 6例胆囊癌组织S - 10 0阳性标记的DC数量和PCNA表达。在胆囊癌中S - 10 0蛋白阳性的DC和PCNA阳性表达率分别为 5 2 2 %和 6 9 6 %。DC浸润与胆囊癌的浸润程度和淋巴结转移呈负相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,PCNA表达与胆囊癌的浸润程度和淋巴结转移呈正相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,DC与PCNA表达呈明显负相关 (P <0 0 5 )。DC和PCNA表达与胆囊癌的侵袭和淋巴结转移密切相关。     

细胞周期素D1在大肠癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨细胞周期素D1（CD1）与大肠癌的发生、进展及预后的关系。方法：收集24例手术切除的大肠癌标本,同时取距癌灶5cm以外的癌旁组织及10cm以外的正常组织,用原位杂交的方法检测癌组织、癌旁组织及正常组织中CD1mRNA的表达,同时结合临床病理资料进行分析。结果：24例大肠癌组织中CD1mRNA阳性9例,阳性率37．5％;癌旁组织仅有1例阳性,阳性率4．2％;正常组织未见阳性表达。癌旁组织和正常组织均与癌组织有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。CD1mRNA的表达在浸润至浆膜层组明显高于浸润至肌层组（P＜0．05）;有淋巴结转移组及晚期病变（Dukes B C D期）组亦明显高于无淋巴结转移及早期病变（Dukes A期）组（P＜0．05）。CD1mRNA的表达高低与年龄、性别、癌灶直径大小、分化程度及是否有远处转移无明显关系（P＞0．05）。结论：CD1mRNA过度表达与大肠癌的发生、发展及转移有关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.