回肠膀胱内移行上皮细胞癌（附1例报告）

回肠膀胱内移行上皮细胞癌少见。据所掌握资料,国外报告8例,国内尚无报道。现报告1例并结合文献就有关问题作简要讨论。 1 病例报告 患者男性,59岁,因肉眼血尿5个月于1980年8月以膀胱肿瘤在我科行单纯全膀胱切除,回肠膀胱术。术后病理诊断:多发性膀胱乳头状移行细胞癌Ⅰ—Ⅱ级,侵及前列腺。1987年6月再次出现血尿。同年12月入院检查,大剂量IVP左肾不显影;左肾盂穿刺造影示左肾、输尿管积水、输尿管入回肠膀胱处梗     

膀胱癌肉瘤2例诊治体会

目的总结膀胱癌肉瘤的临床特征,提高对膀胱癌肉瘤的诊治水平。方法回顾2例膀胱癌肉瘤患者的临床资料．男女各1例,1例以尿频、尿急、尿痛就诊;1例以间歇性肉眼血尿伴尿频就诊。术前影像学及膀胱镜检查均诊断膀胱肿瘤,膀胱镜活组织检查病理报告1例为坏死组织,1例为膀胱移行细胞癌,术后病理报告为膀胱癌肉瘤。结果1例行膀胱部分切除＋左输尿管移植术,1例行膀胱部分切除术。1例术后随访4个月,盆腔、肝、肺转移死亡。1例术后随访5个月死于肝、肺转移。结论膀胱癌肉瘤是一种临床罕见的恶性肿瘤,恶性程度高、易复发、转移快、预后差,诊断主要依靠病理组织学和免疫组织化学检查,早期根治性手术是治疗的主要手段。     

长期服用含马兜铃酸中药伴发尿路移行细胞癌15例临床分析

目的：探讨长期服用马兜铃酸伴发尿路移行细胞癌患者的临床特点。方法：分析15例有长期服用含有马兜铃酸中药史并在我院确诊为尿路移行细胞癌患者的临床资料,其服药时间为1.0~25.0年,平均6.1年。结果：11例患者首发症状为间歇性无痛肉眼血尿,2例镜下血尿,1例腰痛,1例体检时超声检查偶然发现输尿管肿瘤。经尿脱落细胞检查、B超、泌尿系三维CT、磁共振尿路造影、静脉肾盂造影、逆行肾盂输尿管造影、膀胱镜、输尿管镜等明确诊断。15例患者均在我院手术治疗：采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术或根治性膀胱全切术,腹腔镜行肾/输尿管全长加膀胱内输尿管口电切术,姑息性单纯肿瘤切除术。15例患者术后病理诊断均为尿路移行细胞癌,其中11例为多发或多中心肿瘤。全部随访6~36个月,平均13个月。2例分别于术后23、33个月死于多发转移。结论：长期服用含马兜铃酸中药的患者出现血尿时应高度怀疑尿路发生移行细胞癌的可能性,马兜铃酸与尿路多发或多中心肿瘤是否相关尚需进一步研究。     

膀胱癌肉瘤的诊治（附2例报告）

目的探讨膀胱癌肉瘤的临床及病理特点,提高膀胱癌肉瘤的认知水平。方法回顾2例膀胱癌肉瘤患者的临床资料,结合文献进行分析讨论。2例均以间歇性肉眼血尿伴尿频就诊,术前超声检查膀胱实质性占位,膀胱镜活组织检查为膀胱移行细胞癌,术后病理为膀胱癌肉瘤。结果1例行根治性膀胱切除原位回肠代膀胱术,随访2年余至今健在;1例行膀胱部分切除术,现髓访半年,未见肿瘤复发及转移。结论膀胱癌肉瘤是一种临床罕见的恶性肿瘤,恶性程度高,预后差,诊断依赖于病理组织学和免疫组织化学检查,早期根治性手术是治疗的主要手段。     

膀胱全切术后行腹膜外Bricker术二例

［例１］患者男，６６岁。间歇无痛性肉眼血尿１年半，１９８４年５月２４日入院。诊断为膀胱癌。膀胱镜检查显示：膀胱前１／３范围充满乳头状瘤，右输尿管开口受侵犯。活检病理报告：膀胱移行上皮乳头状癌Ⅰ级。１９８４年６月６日行膀胱全切＋腹膜外Ｂｒｉｃｋｅｒ术。病理诊断：膀胱移行细胞乳头状癌ⅠⅡ级浸润固有膜，切缘未见癌。腹壁回肠造口良好，术后第４天安置接尿器。第１０天拆除切口缝线，切口痊愈出院。出院后，安置接尿器未发生尿液外溢。［例２］患者男，６４岁。持续肉眼血尿２周，１９９２年１０月９日入院。诊断为膀胱…     

上尿路移行细胞癌术后再发膀胱癌

目的：探讨上尿路移行细胞癌术后再发膀胱癌的特点。方法：对98例上尿路移行细胞癌术中后再发膀胱癌24例进行临床回顾性分析。结果：上尿路移行细胞癌行肾输尿管膀胱袖状切除术后膀胱癌再发率低于肾输尿管切除者,两组比较差异有极显著性意义（P＜0．01）;上尿路移行细胞癌合并膀胱癌、肿瘤恶性程度高及输尿管下段癌其术后膀胱癌的再发率高,再发时间多在术后3年以内。结论：肾输尿管膀胱袖状切除术是上尿路移行细胞癌最有效的治疗方法,术后定期复查膀胱镜和膀胱抗癌药灌注很重要。     

膀胱内灌注丝裂霉素C预防膀胱癌术后复发疗效观察

我院于 1990年 3月至 1998年 3月对收治的膀胱癌患者中的 30例行膀胱部分切除术 ,并且术后应用膀胱内灌注丝裂霉素Ｃ预防肿瘤复发取得良好效果 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　资料　本组 30例中 ,男 2 5例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 30岁至 74岁 ,平均 61.5岁。临床表现无痛性肉眼血尿 2 1例 ,镜下血尿9例。手术后经病理切片检查均证实为膀胱移行细胞癌。病理分期为Ｔ110例 ,占 33.3% ;Ｔ2 12例 ,占 40 % ;Ｔ3 7例 ,占2 3.3% ;Ｔ4 1例 ,占 3.3%。1.2　方法　本组 30例患者均行膀胱部分切除术 ,其中 2例因肿瘤位于输尿管口附近 ,而行输尿管下段切除 ,…     

与甘露消毒丸相关的泌尿系肿瘤十例分析

目的:探讨与服用甘露消毒丸相关的泌尿系肿瘤患者的临床病理特点.方法:分析长期服用甘露消毒丸并存在泌尿系恶性肿瘤的10例患者的临床病理特点,并比较服药导致的尿毒症患者与同期住院的其他尿毒症患者的肿瘤发生率.结果:10例患者主要表现为反复发作的全程均一性肉眼血尿,病理检查确诊为泌尿系移行上皮细胞癌:7例膀胱癌、2例肾盂癌及1例肾盂输尿管癌,都伴慢性间质性肾炎,9例患者处于尿毒症终末期,1例肾功能正常.服药人群的肿瘤发生率明显高于普通尿毒症组(分别为32.1%和2.6%),差别有高度统计意义(P＜0.001).结论:长期服用甘露消毒丸者泌尿系恶性肿瘤发生率高,可能与其中所含的马兜铃酸成分有关.对存在正常形态血尿的服药患者,尤其是合并慢性间质性肾炎患者,必须高度警惕肿瘤可能.     

复发性膀胱憩室混合癌1例报告

1临床资料 患者,男性,56岁,于2年前因膀胱憩室癌在外院手术治疗,术中将肿瘤切除,未行憩室切除.此次以间断性全程无痛肉眼血尿2 d入院.膀胱镜检查示:膀胱憩室癌术后复发.在联合麻醉下行膀胱部分切除术,术中见左输尿管口外上方3 cm处有一憩室,憩室口直径约4 cm,深约10 cm,憩室口边缘有一菜花样肿物,约2.5 cm×2.5 cm×3.0 cm,浸润性生长.憩室底部亦见一肿瘤,约3 cm×3 cm× 3 cm,宽基,易碎,较脆,触之易出血.距憩室口肿瘤2 cm连同憩室行膀胱部分切除术.术后病理诊断:膀胱憩室口移行细胞癌Ⅲ级,膀胱憩室高分化鳞状细胞癌Ⅲ级.术后羟基喜树碱行膀胱灌注治疗,随访9个月,未见肿瘤复发.     

结直肠癌合并泌尿系统疾病的临床分析

目的:探讨结直肠癌累及泌尿系统或合并泌尿系统多原发癌的临床特点、诊断和治疗方法。方法:对2010-2019年我院收治的75例结直肠癌累及泌尿系统或合并泌尿系统多原发癌患者的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果:16例结直肠癌累及一个或多个泌尿系统器官,其中16例全部累及膀胱,同时累及输尿管1例;59例同时或异时性合并泌尿系肿瘤,其中33例单纯合并膀胱癌,17例单纯合并前列腺癌,3例单纯合并输尿管癌,1例单纯合并肾盂癌,1例合并膀胱癌及肾癌,1例合并输尿管癌及前列腺癌,3例合并膀胱癌及输尿管癌。Dukes分期 （以病理分期最晚的一个为准）:A期0例,B期46例,C期21例,D期8例。75例中伴有淋巴结转移者29例。结直肠癌累及膀胱的16例中,结直肠癌根治联合膀胱部分切除14例,其余2例因肿瘤累及膀胱三角区行全膀胱切除及尿流改道。结直肠癌累及膀胱及输尿管的1例行膀胱部分切除、受累输尿管切除、输尿管吻合术。同时性多重癌7例,异时性多重癌52例,与原发癌间隔时间半年至 19年,其中小于2年者 15 例,2～5年者 7例,大于5年者 30 例。54例异时性多原发癌的初发癌均行根治性手术,14例二重癌和2例三重癌均行根治性切除术。同时性多原发结直肠癌和异时性多原发癌初发癌根治术后5年生存率分别为65％和70％。结论:结直肠癌合并泌尿系统疾病的患者,应利用膀胱镜、电子结肠镜及腹部强化CT进行仔细检查,避免漏诊或误诊,行根治性手术切除结直肠及泌尿系统肿瘤可能使患者生存获益。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.