动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学分析

目的 分析动脉瘤样骨囊肿(ABC)的影像学特点,以提高对本病的认识.方法 回顾性分析19例经手术病理证实的ABC的影像学表现.19例均行X线平片检查,18例行螺旋CT检查,6例行MR检查.结果 原发性ABC共11例,继发性ABC 8例.发生于长管状骨的ABC 12例,脊柱3例,短骨及扁骨4例.17例病变呈膨胀性骨质破坏,15例病变边缘可见骨嵴,14例边缘可见硬化,12例合并病理性骨折,18例病变内密度和(或)信号显示不均匀,9例病变内可见分隔,3例可见典型的液-液平面,4例病变周围可见软组织异常改变,其中3例软组织肿胀,1例软组织肿块.结论 不同发病部位动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像表现有所不同,继发性ABC影像表现具有一定的原发病灶的特征.     

原发性及继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学诊断

目的：分析原发性及继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿（ABC）的影像学表现,评价其影像学诊断价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析经手术或活检证实的动脉瘤样骨囊肿176例,其中原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿111例,继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿65例。完整影像学资料共42例,均行X线检查,其中30例行CT检查,15例行MRI检查,9例同时行CT及MRI检查。结果：42例动脉瘤样骨囊肿平片上根据病变部位分偏心型22例、髓内型18例、骨旁型2例,大多数表现为偏心型膨胀性骨破坏;CT扫描可见25例不同程度骨膨胀、骨皮质内缘的分房状压迹和骨嵴影,皮质破坏断缺7例,15例见骨包壳,3例见液-液平面;15例MRI扫描表现为分叶状肿块,9例MRI表现为T1WI低、T2WI高信号囊腔,6例表现为混杂信号,囊间隔均为T1WI、T2WI低信号,6例行MRI增强扫描,均见间隔强化,5例见液-液平面。结论：原发性及继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿具有一定的影像学特征,X线、CT及MRI三者结合能明显提高诊断正确率。     

原发性与继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿CT表现

目的评价CT对诊断与鉴别原发性与继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿的价值。方法回顾性分析9例经手术病理证实原发性与继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT征象,并进行献复习。结果9例患中骨皮质缺损征象出现率(67％)高于“液一液平面”出现率(44％)。继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿骨嵴明显粗大,可构成分房。9例病灶内呈不均匀软组织密度,增强后强化明显。结论CT检查有助于动脉瘤样骨囊肿早期定性诊断,并有助于鉴别原发性与继发性病灶。     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现与诊断价值分析

目的 分析动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学表现及X线、CT、MRI分别在动脉瘤样骨囊肿诊断中的价值,提高对本病的认识.方法 回顾性分析经病理学证实的22例动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现,全部病例均行X线检查,其中5例行CT检查,10例行MR检查.结果 X线检查均表现为囊性、膨胀性骨质破坏伴骨包壳形成,15例内部见粗细不匀骨间隔.CT检查能显示病灶内部的细小骨嵴、骨包壳中断情况及囊性低密度区,其中2例见液-液平面.MR扫描T1WI 4例显示液-液平面,T2WI 7例显示液-液平面,囊间隔与囊壁厚薄不等,增强扫描强化明显.结论 X线平片呈膨胀性溶骨改变,CT和MRI出现囊腔、液-液平面、强化明显的囊壁及囊间隔征象是诊断的重要依据.     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学研究

目的:评价影像学检查对动脉瘤样骨囊肿的诊断价值.方法:对26例经手术病理证实的动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现进行回顾性分析.26例均摄了平片,CY检查10例、MRI检查6例、DSA检查2例.结果:26例动脉瘤样骨囊肿发生于长管状骨18例,脊柱4例,骨盆3例,跖骨1例.平片和CT多表现为偏心膨胀性骨破坏,CT常可显示骨性分隔及液-液平,MRI检查多表现为多囊长T1、长T2信号特点,CT和MRI检查16例中有6例出现液-液平面.DSA表现实质期可见中等量肿瘤染色.结论:动脉瘤样骨囊肿具有一定的影像学特征,CT特别是MRI对动脉瘤样骨囊肿诊断较平片有优势,综合影像学检查能提高动脉瘤样骨囊肿诊断符合率.     

腰椎骨母细胞瘤伴动脉瘤样骨囊肿的诊断分析

目的探讨腰椎骨母细胞瘤及动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像特征及鉴别诊断。方法分析1例腰椎骨母细胞瘤伴动脉瘤样骨囊肿病人的CT和MRI表现及临床病理特征,并复习相关文献。结果 CT示病变呈膨胀型骨质破坏区,周围可见硬化,病变内可见斑点样高密度影。MRI示L3-4右侧附件区可见类圆形异常信号区,T1WI上呈等低信号,T2WI上呈等高信号,并可见"液-液"平面分层,伴相应水平脊髓受压、椎管狭窄。动态增强扫描病变呈明显不均匀强化,L3椎体骨髓亦呈强化效应改变。手术病理为骨母细胞瘤。结论腰椎骨母细胞瘤及动脉瘤样骨囊肿临床虽少见但其CT及MRI表现具有一定特征,有助于本病的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

扁骨和不规则骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像诊断

目的:提高对扁骨和不规则骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学表现的认识.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的17例扁骨和不规则骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像表现.17例中9例行X线检查,10例CT检查,8例MRI检查.结果:17例发生于扁骨和不规则骨的动脉瘤样骨囊肿主要表现为,①皂泡状和吹气球样膨胀性骨质破坏:平片4例,CT 8例,MRI 6例;②病灶内骨间隔及骨嵴:平片4例,CT 8例;MRI 5例;③病灶周围骨硬化:平片3例,CT6例,MRI 4例,MRI表现为病灶周围线状低信号影;④骨壳部分断缺:平片2例,CT3例,MRI 2例;⑤液-液平面:CT 5例,MRI 6例;⑥骨膜反应:无;⑦软组织肿块:CT 1例,MRI 1例.结论:扁骨和不规则骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学特征与长管状骨大致相仿,螺旋CT及MRI能明显提高诊断准确率.     

脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT、MRI诊断

目的：分析脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT、MRI表现,提高对该病的CT、MRI诊断和鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析经临床病理证实的12例脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT、MRI表现。结果：12例脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿患者中颈椎3例,胸椎6例,腰椎3例;单独椎体侵犯1例,单发于椎板2例,同时累及椎体及附件者9例。CT表现局限性囊状或膨胀性骨质破坏,边界清晰,内可见分房骨嵴影,4例可见内部多发液一液平面影。MRI示膨胀性溶骨性破坏灶周围可见低信号影包绕,病灶内呈多发分房状改变,T1WI呈不均匀低／等信号;T2WI呈数个大小不等的高／等信号囊腔,10例可见不同信号强度的液一液平面影。增强扫描可见囊腔周缘明显强化,腔内出血和液体无强化。结论：脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿CT、MRI表现具有一定的特征性,能够做出正确诊断。     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学诊断

目的：探讨动脉瘤样骨囊肿（ABC）的影像学特点。资料与方法：回顾性分析23例经手术病理证实的ABC的影像学表现，23例均摄X线平片和CT平扫。4例行MRI检查。结果：23例ABC发生于长骨18例，骨盆5例。ABC平片表现常为偏心性膨胀性骨破坏；CT平扫可见膨胀的骨壳内缘呈清晰弧形压迹，其中骨壳完整12例，断缺11例。病灶密度不均，19例可见蜂房样低密度影或液－液平面，15例出现软组织肿块；4例MRI主要表现为T1WI呈等低信号，T2WI呈大小不一高信号囊腔或液－液平面，3例增强扫描，2例无明显强化，1例轻度强化，囊间隔在T1WI、T2WI及增强后均为低信号。结论：X线平片简便经济，但对内部结构的显示有一定限度，CT和MR对内部结构及软组织的显示明显优于前者，对ABC具有很高的诊断价值。     

骨和软组织肿瘤的非特异征象:液-液平面

作者报告经CT或MRI发现的9例骨肿瘤及3例软组织肿瘤的液-液平面表现。骨肿瘤包括纤维发育异常、单纯性骨囊肿、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤各1例,骨肉瘤2例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿4例。软组织肿瘤包括软组织血管瘤1例,滑膜肉瘤2例。除软组织血管瘤外均由病理诊断。10例作MRI的患者中良恶性肿瘤各5例。长TR/TE图象中,良恶性肿瘤的液-液平面表现相似。下方液体层信号强度与肌肉相等或稍高;上方液体层呈高信号,说明为浆液或有细胞外正铁血红蛋白。短TR/TE 图象中,所有病例的下方液体层信号强度都与肌肉相同或稍高,5例恶性肿瘤上方液体层是明亮的,表明有细胞外正铁血红蛋白,提示有近期出血。而良性肿瘤的上方液体层的信号强度不一。纤维发育异常和2例动脉瘤样骨囊肿的上层比下层信号强度低或相同,提示上层为浆液。1例动脉瘤样骨囊肿上层     

骨巨细胞瘤的影像学诊断

目的：探讨骨巨细胞瘤的平片、CT、MRI影像学表现,评价其诊断价值。方法：对16例经临床手术病理学证实的骨巨细胞瘤病例的X线平片、CT和MRI影像学资料进行回顾性分析。结果：9例长骨病灶分布主要在骨性关节面下方,以偏向性膨胀性骨破坏为主,周围硬化不明显,中央无钙化;增强后有不均匀强化效应;其中2例合并动脉瘤样骨囊肿者见液-液平面。7例脊柱和不典型部位病灶以膨胀性骨破坏为特点,周围硬化不明显,脊柱病灶同时见周围软组织肿块形成,中心无钙化;其中1例脊柱病灶同时累及相邻三个椎体。骶椎病灶分布位置偏高,在骶椎1～2水平。结论：大多数骨巨细胞瘤有典型的X线表现,不难作出正确的诊断;CT和MILI能提供更多的信息来提高诊断和鉴别诊断能力。     

颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现

目的：探讨颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现，提高对颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的认识。资料与方法：搜集经手术病理证实的4例颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿，全部病例均作了CT平扫与MRI检查，其中1例摄有颅骨平片，1例MR／增强扫描，1例DSA检查。结果：4例颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿中，1例位于左蝶骨嵴和左眶骨处，2例位于左颞骨。1例位于右额骨。CT上均表现为不同程度的膨胀性吹气球样溶骨破坏区，密度不均匀；MRI示有出血、囊变及液面，T1WI和R2WI上呈混杂信号，1例增强后示肿瘤实质和邻近脑膜强化；血管造影示血管有推移改变。结论：颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现有一定的特征性，CT与MRI相结合能提示诊断，并有助于评价周围结构。     

Giant cell tumor with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst: A unique presentation with an ossified extraosseous soft tissue mass

The authors describe a case of giant cell tumor (GCT) with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) in a 44-year-old man with chronic, intermittent knee pain. A unique feature is the presentation of GCT with an ossified extraosseous soft tissue mass. Radiograph demonstrates a multiloculated lytic lesion in the distal meta-epiphyseal region of the femur with an adjacent extraosseous soft tissue mass. The soft tissue mass was partially ossified along its margin and internal septa. MRI demonstrates a multiloculated lesion in the distal femur with multiple fluid–fluid levels and cortical penetration of the lesion. Both the intraosseous lesion and extraosseous soft tissue mass have similar MR signal characteristics. At surgery, the intraosseous component was found to be contiguous with the extraosseous soft tissue mass through a cortical perforation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of GCT with aneurysmal bone cyst initially presenting with an extraosseous soft tissue mass.     

脊柱原发性骨肿瘤CT和MRI观察

目的：了解脊柱肿瘤的CT和MRI表现特征。资料与方法：分析49例脊柱肿瘤的CT和MRI表现，包括成骨细胞瘤、骨髓瘤和骨肉瘤各2例，动脉瘤样骨囊肿（ABC）3例，血管瘤和淋巴瘤各5例，骨巨细胞瘤多位于椎体，呈溶骨性破坏；成骨细胞瘤和骨肉瘤CT呈骨性密度，MRI信号较低，后者伴软组织肿块；22例脊索瘤伴骶前包块，11／16例CT上出现钙化，9例在T2WI有条状低信号纤维结构和高信号粘液基质。骨髓瘤（1例）、淋巴瘤在T1WI和T2WI分别呈略低信号和较高信号，1例骨髓瘤在T2WI呈高信号。结论；CT和MRI可清楚地显示肿瘤的部位和范围，两者结合，多数肿瘤可以定性。     

长骨骨干骨肉瘤X线、CT及MRI表现

目的 分析长骨骨干骨肉瘤X线、CT和MRI表现,探讨有关的临床特点和鉴别诊断.方法 28例长骨骨干骨肉瘤患者,均经手术与病理证实,其中病变位于股骨干18例、腓骨干4例、肱骨干4例、胫骨干2例.所有患者均行X线、CT和MR检查,对其影像学表现与手术病理结果进行对照,并由双盲法分析确认.结果 28例中,X线和CT显示广泛骨质破坏16例,骨膜反应22例.X线显示软组织肿块18例,肿瘤骨和瘤样钙化12例.CT平扫显示软组织肿块22例,增强扫描显示软组织肿块24例,肿瘤骨和瘤样钙化16例.MRI显示骨质破坏和骨膜反应10例,软组织肿块26例,其周围可见软组织水肿及骨髓水肿.骨膜反应在SE T1WI上呈等低信号,T2WI呈等信号.软组织肿块在T1WI为等信号,T2WI及STIR呈等高信号.软组织水肿及骨髓水肿在T2WI及STIR呈高信号.MRI增强检查显示病灶均呈不均匀强化,骨髓水肿和软组织肿块均见强化.结论 X线、CT和MRI从不同方面反映长骨骨干骨肉瘤的影像病理特点,其发病率低,骨破坏范围大,无病理性骨折.成骨型骨干骨肉瘤较易诊断,溶骨型应与Ewing瘤、恶性巨细胞瘤等鉴别.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the findings of diaphysial osteosarcoma in long bone on X-ray,CT and MRI, and discuss their clinical features and manifestations for differential diagnosis. Methods Twenty-eight cases with diaphysial osteosarcoma in long bone proved by surgery and pathology were reviewed retrospectively. Eighteen tumors were located in the femur, 4 in fibula, 4 in humerus and 2 in tibia. All of the patients were examined by X-ray, CT and MRI. The imaging manifestations on X-ray, CT and MRI were analyzed, and the relationship of the imaging features with the pathological types was also observed. The imaging signs were correlated with the pathologic findings with a double blind method. Results Of the 28 cases, there were 16 cases with large bone destruction, 22 cases with periosteal reaction on X-ray and CT. On X-ray, 18 cases showed soft tissue mass and 12 cases with neoplastic bone and tumor calcification.While on CT, 22 cases showed soft tissue mass on plain scan and 2 more cases displayed soft tissue mass after the injection of contrast mediun. Sixteen cases showed neoplastic bone and tumor calcification on CT.On MRI, there were 10 cases with bone destruction and periosteal reaction with iso- and hypo-intense on T1WI and iso- signals on T2WI. Twenty-six cases showed soft tissue edema and bone marrow on MRI. The soft mass were iso-signals on T1 WI and iso-hyperintense signals on T2 WI or STIR. The soft tissue edema was found hyperintense signals on T2WI or STIR. The lesions had heterogeneous enhancement especially in bone marrow with edema and adjcent soft tissue. Conclusion The X-ray, CT and MRI can reflect the pathological changes of diaphysial osteosarcoma in long bone from different aspects. Lower incidence, large bone destruction and no pathological fracture were the features of diaphysial osteosarcoma. The osteogenic type is diagnosed easily, but the osteolytic lesion should be differentiated from Ewing sarcoma, malignant giant cell tumor of bone and so on.     

Soft tissue aneurysmal bone cyst

A soft tissue aneurysmal bone cyst located in the right gluteus medius of a 21-year-old man is reported. On conventional radiography, the lesion demonstrated a spherically trabeculated mass with a calcific rim. On CT scan, it showed a well-organized peripheral calcification resembling a myositis ossificans. On MRI, it presented as a multilocular, cystic lesion with fluid-fluid levels. The lesion had no solid components except for intralesional septa. Although findings on imaging and histology were identical to those described in classical aneurysmal bone cyst, diagnosis was delayed because of lack of knowledge of this entity and its resemblance to the more familiar post-traumatic heterotopic ossification (myositis ossificans).     

髂骨原发囊样骨肿瘤及瘤样病变的影像学诊断

目的:分析髂骨囊样骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的影像学表现。方法:回顾性分析经穿刺或/和手术病理证实的46例髂骨囊样骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变影像学表现。46例全部行X线片检查,38例行CT检查,20例行MRI检查(增强16例)。结果:46例中骨肿瘤29例,其中良性肿瘤12例(骨巨细胞瘤4例,内生软骨瘤、软骨母细胞瘤各2例,血管瘤、骨母细胞瘤、骨样骨瘤、软骨黏液样纤维瘤各1例),恶性肿瘤17例(恶性巨细胞瘤、骨恶性纤维组织细胞瘤各1例,软骨肉瘤、淋巴瘤各4例,骨肉瘤7例),肿瘤样病变17例(单纯性骨囊肿1例,邻关节骨囊肿、动脉瘤样骨囊肿、嗜酸性肉芽肿各2例,骨纤维异常增生症10例)。发病部位为髂翼39例,髋臼7例。病变主要表现为髂骨囊样骨质破坏,呈膨胀性改变30例,硬化环形成24例,病变内见钙化灶14例,软组织肿块20例。结论:常见的髂骨囊样骨肿瘤和肿瘤样病变一般都具有某些特征性的CT表现,必要时综合X线、MRI表现,可提高定性诊断符合率。     

骨上皮样血管内皮瘤的CT、MRI及18 F-FDG PET/CT表现(附2例报道)

目的探讨骨上皮样血管内皮瘤(EHE)的CT、MRI及18 F-FDG PET/CT表现,以提高对该病的影像学认识。方法回顾性分析2例经病理证实的骨上皮样血管内皮瘤患者的CT、MRI及18 F-FDG PET/CT检查图像资料,总结其影像特点。结果2例骨EHE中,1例为全身多发骨骼病变,1例仅为胸11椎体病变。CT表现病灶为边缘清晰,轻度硬化并呈分叶状改变的膨胀性溶骨性骨质破坏,病灶内见散在斑点状高密度影,周边软组织及椎间盘未见明显受累。MRI病灶呈稍长T 1、长T 2信号,其内可见散在斑点状低信号影,增强扫描病灶呈明显不均匀强化。病灶外周可见增强无强化的低信号环。18 F-FDG PET/CT主要表现为病灶部位的溶骨性骨质破坏伴SUV摄取值的升高。结论CT、MRI及18 F-FDG PET/CT检查能帮助评估骨上皮样血管内皮瘤的病灶性质及范围,协助下一步诊疗方案的确定。