胸内结节病40例临床分析

目的 :对胸内结节病的诊断方法作一探讨。方法 :对 1989年 2月～ 1998年 5月经病理学诊断为结节病的 40例患者作一回顾性分析 ,对不同的诊断方法在胸内结节病的诊断价值进行评价。结果 :血清血管紧张素转换酶升高的占 6 6 7%。纤维支气管镜支气管粘膜活检和经纤维支气管镜肺活检病理诊断的阳性率分别为 81 8%和80 0 %。外周淋巴结活检的阳性率为 94 4% ,皮下结节和皮肤红斑活检阳性率为 85 7%。结论 :支气管粘膜活检、TBLB和外周淋巴结活检是简便易行、阳性率高、创伤性小的方法 ,对结节病的诊断有较高的实用价值     

胸内结节病的MSCT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 探讨胸内结节病的CT表现,提高对胸内结节病的影像学认识.方法 采用GEPROSPEED FⅡ双排CT机,回顾性分析近年来收集到的10例结节病患者的MSCT表现,全部病人均行常规平扫及增强扫描.所有病人经临床规范激素治疗有效或活检证实.结果 10例中3例为双侧肺门淋巴结肿大,6例为肺门淋巴结肿大伴肺内间质改变,1例...     

胸部结节病的影像诊断

目的探讨胸部结节病的X线及CT表现,提高对本病的认识和诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经活检病理证实或临床治疗后观察符合诊断标准的26例胸部结节病的x线及CT表现。病理证实19例,临床治疗证实7例。结果肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大25例,其中肺门或／和纵隔淋巴结肿大21例,肺门或／和淋巴结肿大伴有肺内病变19例,1例仅有肺部纤维化,而无胸部淋巴结肿大,在初诊时误诊。肺内主要表现结节影15例,肺纤维化改变5例,支气管血管束增粗5例,胸膜改变4例,小叶间隔增厚2例,磨玻璃影2例,肺实变1例。结论胸部结节病x线及CT表现形式多种多样,具有一定的演变规律,认识此规律对诊断有很大的帮助。     

隐源性机化性肺炎的CT影像学特征

机化性肺炎(organizing pneumonia,OP)因其临床表现及影像学表现常缺乏特异性,故易被误诊为细菌性肺炎、肺结核、间质性肺病、肺癌,甚至结节病、淋巴瘤等。本文分析了经病理确诊的COP12例,探讨本病的临床及影像学表现的特征。对象与方法1对象2001-2008年在浙江大学医学院附属一院住院,经临床、影像结合病理确诊的COP12例。所有病例均无明确的病因:如感染、药物、结缔组织病、放射等。男5例、女7例;年龄38~79岁,平均年龄62岁。临床诊断时间为10d~1年。由CT引导下经皮肺活检7例,外科手术肺活检4例,经纤维支气管镜肺活检1例,病理组织学检查。2 CT检查采用Acquion多层螺旋CT。9例常规螺旋扫描,3例高分辨率CT(HRCT)扫描、分析。结果1临床特征10例患者有咳嗽,7例有发热,6例有胸痛,4例有活动后胸闷、气短,1例咯血。主要体征为肺部湿罗音(5例),以两肺中下部多见。2实验室检查外周血白细胞总数大于10·0×109/L,或中性粒细胞大于0·70共8例;白细胞最高11·7×109/L,中性粒细胞占0·89,C-反应蛋白升高5例。4例血气分析提示有不同程度低氧血症。肺功能检查:6...     

胸内结节病8例误诊情况分析

结节病是一种临床较少见的原因未明的多系统肉芽肿性疾病 ,临床表现无特异性 ,确诊较困难 ,特别是肺结节病Ⅰ期常与中央型肺癌、肺门淋巴结结核、淋巴瘤、恶性肿瘤淋巴结转移等混淆 ,导致误诊误治。本文对 8例确诊为肺结节病患者的诊断经过及临床资料进行总结分析如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　 8例患者 ,其中男 3例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 3 0～62岁 ,现都健在 ,近 3个月内曾来复诊 ,随诊时间最长 1例已达 10年。无特殊职业史。1 2　临床表现及实验室检查　 4例无任何临床表现 ,在健康体检时发现 ;3例因轻度的非特异性呼吸道症状就诊 ;1例因皮肤…     

胸部结节病的影像诊断与鉴别诊断

目的分析胸部结节病的影像学特征及鉴别诊断方法,提高其影像诊断水平。方法回顾性的分析36例经确诊的胸部结节病的胸部平片及CT影像资料。结果X线胸片及胸部CT提示双侧肺门淋巴结增大27例(75%),无双侧肺门淋巴结肿大者为不典型胸部结节病,9例(25%)呈不典型表现;肺部异常表现在75%的病例都发现了微结节或结节,其他异常包括小叶间隔增厚15例(41.7%),纤维化表现12例(33.3%),磨玻璃影10例(27.8%),血管支气管集聚7例(19.4%),斑片或实变影5例(13.9%)。结论结节病临床表现多样而无特异性,容易引起误诊。CT检查能发现淋巴结肿大,又可显示肺内特征性改变,可提高诊断准确率。     

胸部结节病的影像诊断与鉴别诊断

目的:分析胸部结节病的影像学主要特征,总结鉴别诊断方法,从而有效提高疾病诊断水平.方法:对所在医院2012年5月——2016年3月43例胸部结节病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者均接受多排螺旋CT检查,以术后病理诊断结果为金标准,总结CT检查符合率及影像学特征.结果:胸部CT诊断结果显示,双侧肺门淋巴结增大27例,无肺部异常表现8例,胸膜病变4例,其他异常4例.结论:胸部结节病临床表现比较复杂多样,且基本无显著的特异性,因此比较容易产生误诊、漏诊现象.采用多排螺旋CT对胸部结节病进行筛查,可发现淋巴结肿大及肺内性质改变,在疾病诊断中具有较高的应用价值.     

结节病22例诊断分析

结节病是一种累及多个系统的肉芽肿性疾病，常侵犯肺及胸内淋巴结，另外也可累及皮肤、眼及浅表淋巴结。其发病率很低，常易误诊为结核、淋巴瘤等疾病。病损部位的组织活检及病理学检查是其最终确诊的重要手段。本文对10余年来经病理学确诊的22例结节病从临床表现、特殊生化检查及纤维支气管镜检查的资料进行总结和分析，以探讨其对结节病诊断的价值。     

小儿纤维支气管镜术的护理

纤维支气管镜 (纤支镜 )已成为成人呼吸科诊断和治疗支气管及肺部疾病的有力工具。但在儿科 ,由于小儿气道狭窄、在检查中不能很好地配合等问题 ,纤支镜在儿科的临床应用开展缓慢。我院 2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 2年对 2 18例患儿进行了 2 4 1次纤支镜检查均获成功 ,现将护理工作报告如下。临床资料1　一般资料　 2 18例患儿 ,其中男 14 5例 ,女 73例 ;年龄1月～ 14岁 ,<1岁者 2 6例。术前临床诊断气管支气管异物 12 8例 ,肺炎治疗效果不佳或反复肺炎 38例 ,不明原因肺不张或肺气肿 35例 ,喉喘鸣 12例 ,肺含铁血黄素沉着症 2例 ,不明原因咯血 2例 ,…     

高分辨力螺旋CT在不典型结节病诊断中的应用

目的探讨高分辨力螺旋CT在不典型结节病诊断中的应用价值。方法选取我院2009年1月-2012年12月40例非典型胸部结节病患者，应用CT进行检查，观察其影像资料，并和淋巴结结核、淋巴瘤、转移瘤及矽肺等比较分析。结果本文所选取T40例患者中胸部出现位置和钙化状况：一侧肺门及纵隔患者有24例（60．0％）、纵隔处患者14例（35．0％）；纵隔肿大淋巴结主要分布在中纵隔28例（75．7％）、前及中纵隔4例（10．5％）；CT强化主要有均匀强化者26例（65．0％）、不均匀强化者6例（15．0％）；CT强化程度主要有明显强化者241例（60．0％）、中度强化者10例（25．O％）。结论不典型结节病在诊断中其肿大淋巴结位置、CT扫描强化方式、程度均具有明显体征性，大部分多数出现在一侧肺门伴或不伴纵隔淋巴结肿大，有显著均匀强化现象，聚集为团状，但是界线较为清楚，未出现融合状态，伴斑点状钙化样或囊变态。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.