小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离、培养及鉴定

目的建立一种从小鼠骨髓中分离培养间充质干细胞（MSCs）的高效方法。方法采取贴壁细胞分离法分离和纯化小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（mMSCs）,检测mMSCs在不同诱导条件下向成骨细胞及脂肪细胞分化能力,用流式细胞术及显微镜分别检测mMSCs纯度和形态特征。结果mMSCs贴壁生长后形态较均一,细胞形态呈成纤维细胞样,流式细胞术检测：CD45、CD11b、CD44及CD29分别为（3.34）%、（2.41）%、（98.46）%及（99.36）%。第4代mMSCs经诱导后可向成骨细胞和脂肪细胞分化。结论通过贴壁培养可以从小鼠骨髓中分离培养出高纯度mMSCs,该方法效率高,稳定性好。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞原代培养及成骨成脂分化能力染色鉴定

目的：实验旨在建立一套简便有效的骨髓间充质干细胞原代培养、诱导分化及染色方法,观测骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性,及其成骨、成脂分化潜能,为后续进行骨髓间充质干细胞基因修饰实验做好准备。方法本实验通过全骨髓培养法分离骨髓间充质干细胞,并用诱导分化培养液做定向诱导培养,观察骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨及成脂肪细胞分化过程中的细胞形态学变化,进行成骨成脂细胞染色鉴定,以探讨骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养方法、生长规律及向成骨成脂细胞分化的条件。结果(1)通过全贴壁法成功进行了骨髓间充质干细胞原代及传代培养并绘制出第4代细胞生长曲线;(2)通过茜素红染色验证了骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化能力;(3)通过油红O染色验证骨髓间充质干细胞的成脂分化能力。结论全贴壁法提取的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞经传代4次左右可达到一定纯度,在一定诱导条件下,经特定染色方法鉴定,可分化为成骨细胞,成脂细胞。     

间充质干细胞分化为成骨细胞和脂肪细胞的超微结构分析

目的 对来源于骨骼肌、肺脏、动脉血管、骨髓的间充质干细胞诱导的成骨细胞和脂肪细胞进行超微结构分析。方法 分离胎儿各组织间充质干细胞，MACS磁珠分选CD105^ 细胞，将CD105^ 细胞向脂肪细胞和成骨细胞诱导分化，透射电镜检测成骨细胞和脂肪细胞。结果 透射电镜下观察到胎儿多种组织来源的间充质干细胞经诱导可分化为成骨细胞和脂肪细胞，诱导的脂肪细胞内、外可见有脂滴，并逐渐增大，最终会溢出细胞外。成骨细胞内有电子密度高的钙盐沉积。结论 胎儿肌肉、肺脏、真皮、骨髓等组织含有的具有间充质干细胞特征的CD105^ 细胞可以向脂肪细胞和成骨细胞分化。     

人骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养及表型分析

目的体外分离培养人骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)并研究其生物学特性,为进一步实验研究打下基础.方法通过密度梯度离心法及贴壁培养分离纯化人骨髓中的单个核细胞、体外培养传代、倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况、瑞氏染色及透射电镜观察细胞形态及结构、绘制生长曲线、流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标记及增殖周期、免疫细胞化学及细胞化学染色对分离培养细胞进行鉴定.结果原代和传代培养的细胞以成纤维样为主,有较强的生长增殖能力;流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标记:CD29、CD105阳性,CD34阴性;细胞周期分析:90%以上的细胞处于G0/G1期;细胞CD106、纤维连接蛋白表达阳性,CD45、CD14及层连蛋白、胶原蛋白Ⅱ表达阴性,细胞糖原(PAS)染色强阳性,细胞碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色阴性.表明细胞不是造血细胞且未向成纤维细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞分化,而是处于未分化阶段的间充质干细胞.结论通过密度梯度离心法及贴壁传代培养可以分离纯化MSCs以满足下一步实验研究,该细胞具有特殊的生物学特性.     

同种异体大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞共培养及多向分化潜能鉴定

目的 探讨同种异体大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞在体外的共培养,并行多向分化诱导鉴定。方法 分别通过全骨髓直接培养法及密度梯度法分离培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,各传至第3代后,取等量细胞,混合后共培养,共培养之细胞再次传代后,分别进行成骨细胞、成脂肪细胞诱导,并分别行碱性磷酸酶、Von Cossa及油红染色鉴定。结果 全骨髓直接培养法原代细胞形态不均一,但是增殖能力好;密度梯度法分离得到的细胞较为均一,但增殖力不如全骨髓直接培养法。经过3代传代后,细胞均可获得相对纯化。共培养细胞增殖力较好,细胞形态较为均一,且未出现因免疫排斥导致的细胞死亡。共培养之大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分别经诱导分化为成骨细胞和脂肪细胞形态（分别经碱性磷酸酶、Von Cossa染色和油红染色证实）。结论 采用全骨髓直接培养及密度梯度离心法,经3-5代培养后均可获得相对纯化之骨髓间充质干细胞。同种异体大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞共培养生长良好,不发生免疫排斥,证实该类细胞的免疫原性极低。在体外,大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞可诱导分化为成骨细胞、脂肪细胞,表明它具有多向分化潜能。     

兔自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植修复关节软骨缺损的研究

目的:研究将体外培养的兔骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)定向诱导分化为成骨细胞的方法, 探讨其作为组织工程化骨的种子细胞的可行性.方法:采用Percoll分离液,从兔的骨髓组织中分离骨髓间充质干细胞,用低糖型的DMEM( Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium)培养液中添加成骨诱导剂地塞米松、β-甘油磷酸钠及抗坏血酸进行培养.诱导2周后钙-钴法染色检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)表达, 诱导4周后VonKos-sa染色检测钙结节形成.结果:第3代兔MSCs呈典型的成骨细胞形态,诱导2周ALP染色阳性率达80%,诱导4周后VonKossa染色可见钙结节形成.结论:经过分离纯化后的兔骨髓基质细胞在体外培养条件下可以分化为成骨细胞.     

骨髓间充质干细胞多方向分化潜能实验研究

目的:分离和培养兔骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs),并向多向诱导分化。方法:经贴壁筛选法获得单个核细胞。贴壁培养后,通过倒置显微镜进行细胞形态学观察,并采用流式细胞术进行分析。传至第3代后,分别进行成脂肪细胞、成骨细胞、成软骨细胞诱导,并进行鉴定。结果:骨髓间充质干细胞大小较为均匀,基本上呈梭形,传代培养后的细胞体积增大,成纤维样细胞逐渐增多。经反复传代纯化的BMSCs经诱导后分化为脂肪细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞。结论:兔骨髓间充质干细胞在体外培养具有多向分化潜能,可作为组织工程学种子细胞进行相关实验研究。     

应用全骨髓贴壁法获取高纯度大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的实验研究

目的 探讨体外获取高纯度大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的方法.方法 应用全骨髓贴壁法体外分离培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,进行传代培养,倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态并测定其生长曲线,流式细胞术检测细胞周期,免疫细胞化学法鉴定细胞表面标志CD34、CD44及CD45.结果 获取的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞形态呈均一成纤维细胞样,并呈集落样生长.细胞生长曲线示,在传代后的第4-5天细胞开始明显增殖,进入指数增生期.细胞周期显示81.49%P3代细胞为G0/C1期,经免疫细胞化学染色结果显示CD44阳性,CD34、CD45阴性.结论 体外应用全骨髓贴壁法可以分离培养出高纯度的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,而且此法简单易行、经济.     

全骨髓培养法对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养与鉴定

目的探讨一种易操作、高效的分离、培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)的方法。方法采取全骨髓培养法分离和纯化大鼠MSCs,用显微镜观察细胞形态,用流式细胞仪检测mMSCs纯度和形态特征,观察MSCs在不同诱导条件下向成骨细胞及脂肪细胞分化的能力。结果全骨髓培养法培养的MSCs具有良好的贴壁性,形态均一,流式细胞仪检测:CD45、CD90分别为1.3%、98.6%。第3代MSCs经适当诱导后可向成骨细胞和脂肪细胞分化。结论全骨髓培养法从大鼠骨髓中分离培养出的MSCs纯度较高,稳定性好,且操作相对简便。     

免疫磁珠分离法分选提纯骨髓造血干细胞CD117

目的：探讨用免疫磁珠分离法（magnetic activated cell sorting,MACS）从小鼠股骨、胫骨分离纯化骨髓造血干细胞CD117的方法。方法：收集小鼠骨髓细胞,台盼蓝染色观察其活力,用免疫磁珠分离法分选CD117细胞,流式细胞仪检测荧光标记CD117表达阳性率。结果;未分选前CD117细胞纯度为（41.56±18.77）%,MACS分选CD117细胞纯度（88.68±4.74）%,纯化前后有明显差异（P〈0.05）。结论：MACS阳性选择法分选系统能有效分选骨髓造血干细胞CD117。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.