脂质沉积性肌病诊断及误诊分析

目的分析脂质沉积性肌病（LSM）的临床及病理特点,探讨脂质沉积性肌病被误诊的原因。方法分析8例确诊为脂质沉积性肌病患者的临床特点、实验室检查、神经电生理及病理学资料。结果LSM的临床特点是四肢近端肌无力和运动不耐受;肌酶谱轻中度甚至重度升高;肌电图表现肌源性损害、神经源性损害或混合性损害;肌肉病理学检查显示肌纤维中大小不等的空泡形成;7例0R0染色显示Ⅰ型肌纤维中大量脂质颗粒沉积,1例显示脂肪成分正常者电镜检查可见肌纤维内大量脂滴沉积,呈串珠状排列。2例进行神经活检,1例正常,1例光镜下部分髓鞘变薄,崩解脱失。电镜下髓鞘板层分离,雪旺氏细胞内出现脂滴沉积。确诊的LSM曾被误诊为多发性肌炎、肢带型肌营养不良、脊肌萎缩症、胶原血管病、慢性吉兰-巴雷综合征、病毒性心肌炎。结论LSM很易被误诊为其他肌病或神经源性肌病,肌肉活检及组化OR0染色可能染色不成功造成阴性结果,电镜检查是诊断LSM的主要依据。     

4例临床误诊的肌糖原累积病分析

目的探讨肌糖原累积病的鉴别诊断与病理特点。方法通过分析4例临床误诊病例的症状和光镜、电镜下的改变, 提出诊断肌糖原累积病的注意事项。结果肌糖原累积病常表现为肌无力、运动后肌肉疼痛,有的伴有肌肥大,CPK增高,可被误诊为肌营养不良和多发性肌炎;光镜见4例病例肌纤维内均有大小不等的空泡,电镜下见大量糖原聚积,部分病例还可见肌纤维坏死、吞噬及再生等现象,个别出现大量脂质沉积或线粒体形态学改变。结论肌肉活检观察肌纤维光镜和电镜下的形态学改变对于确诊肌糖原累积病起极为重要的作用。     

多发性肌炎伴脂质沉积性肌病2例报告

多发性肌炎(polymyositis)为横纹肌弥漫性炎性疾病，常常引起进行性、对称性的肢带肌、颈肌和咽部肌肉的无力及萎缩，它可以作为一种独立的疾病而就诊于神经内科，也可以与许多结缔组织疾病并存，但与脂质沉积性肌病(LSM)合并存在的情况国内未见报道。我们在诊治多发性肌炎患者中发现2例合并脂质沉积性肌病。肌活检提示：肌炎伴脂质代谢异常。现就2例病例的临床病理报告如下。     

脂质沉积性肌病的临床分析（附2例报道）

目的：对2例脂质沉积性肌病（LSM）的临床资料予以分析报道。方法：收集2例经病理检查确诊的LSM病例的临床资料,结合相关文献分析其临床表现、病理特征和实验室检查结果。结果：LSM临床以肢带肌近端无力为主要表现,有明显的运动不耐受特点,部分受累肌有压痛;肌电图示以肌源性损害为主;肌酶以肌酸激酶轻中度升高为主,对糖皮质激素反应早且明显;病理特征为肌纤维内有大量脂质颗粒沉积,并以Ⅰ型肌纤维为主。结论：LSM以肢带型肌无力综合征为临床表现时极易误诊为多发性肌炎等,确诊依赖于肌肉病理学检查。     

多发性肌炎伴脂质沉积性肌病2例报告

多发性肌炎 (polymyositis)为横纹肌弥漫性炎性疾病 ,常常引起进行性、对称性的肢带肌、颈肌和咽部肌肉的无力及萎缩 ,它可以作为一种独立的疾病而就诊于神经内科 ,也可以与许多结缔组织疾病并存 ,但与脂质沉积性肌病 (LSM )合并存在的情况国内未见报道。我们在诊治多发性肌炎患者中发现 2例合并脂质沉积性肌病。肌活检提示 :肌炎伴脂质代谢异常。现就 2例病例的临床病理报告如下。1　病例资料2例患者均为男性 ,年龄为 3 4岁及 65岁 ,双下肢无力伴吞咽及行走异常 2例 ,吞咽困难及构音障碍 2例 ,颈肌无力 1例 ,2者均伴有肌肉及关节部的疼痛…     

进行性肌营养不良症71例临床分析

目的:探讨进行性肌营养不良症的临床特点及辅助诊断价值。方法 分析71例进行性肌营养不良症的临床资料及相关检查。结果 假肥大型占本病的44％为本病的最常见型,约45％有明确遗传史。30％DMD伴有智能减退。DMD及肢带型常伴有心肌损害。血清酶增高(CPK、LDH)以假肥大型明显,肢带型次之。结论 临床特点、血清生化检测、肌电图及肌活检是重要的辅助检查指标。     

多次误诊为多发性肌炎的脂质沉积性肌病1例报告

脂质沉积性肌病临床上较少见，现报告1例两次误诊为多发性肌炎的脂质沉积性肌病患者如下。     

脂质沉积性肌病的临床及病理分析

目的　分析脂质沉积性肌病 (L SM)的临床表现和病理特点及误诊原因。方法　对 11例经肌肉活检证实的 L SM患者进行临床和肌肉病理分析。结果　 11例均表现近端肌无力和肌疲劳现象 ,其中 3例曾误诊为多发性肌炎 ,1例误诊为重症肌无力 ,1例发病 9年未确诊。 11例的肌肉活检显示肌纤维内出现大量的脂肪滴。结论　 L SM是一组生化方面十分复杂的疾病 ,临床上以不能耐受运动和近端肌无力为主 ,病程可波动 ,部分可自发缓解 ,临床易误诊 ,肌肉病理检查有助于确诊     

脂质沉积性肌病的临床、神经电生理和骨骼肌病理分析

目的 探讨脂质沉积性肌病(LSM)的临床表现、神经电生理及肌肉病理特点.方法 回顾分析16例LSM的临床表现、肌电图和神经传导、肌肉活检病理改变.结果 LSM主要临床特点为亚急性或慢性起病,以近端肌无力为主,症状呈波动性,肌无力重而肌萎缩轻.血清肌酶有不同程度的升高,肌电图多为肌源性损害,激素、核黄素治疗有效.临床上容易误诊为多发性肌炎、肌营养不良症、心肌炎、胃肠道疾病等.肌肉病理学特点为肌纤维内可见大量均匀的小筛孔样空泡,部分空泡融合成大泡或形成裂隙状.ORO染色证实筛孔样空泡被大量红染的脂肪颗粒充填,受累肌纤维以Ⅰ型纤维为主.4例患者行电镜检查可见肌原纤维间有大量脂滴沉积,其中1例伴有异常线粒体增多.结论 LSM是一种以易疲劳和肌无力为主要临床表现的脂质代谢障碍性肌病,肌无力较重而肌萎缩轻.神经电生理改变相对较轻,部分患者肌电图为肌源性损害.激素、核黄素治疗可获得良好疗效,肌肉活检病理学检查是诊断LSM的重要手段.     

肢带型肌营养不良2B型的临床和病理特点

目的研究肢带型肌营养不良2B型的临床及病理特点。方法回顾性分析5例肢带型肌营养不良2B型患者的临床资料和骨骼肌病理检查结果。结果5例(3例四肢,2例双下肢)表现肌肉萎缩、肌无力,缓慢起病,进行性加重。病理检查5例骨骼肌均有不同程度肌纤维变性、坏死、再生,不同程度炎性细胞浸润;免疫组化染色:5例患者抗dysferlin单克隆抗体均无表达,抗Dystrophy、Sarcoglycan、dystroglycan单克隆抗体均表达正常,抗CD8+T细胞单克隆抗体均无表达,抗组织相容性复合体(MHC)-1单克隆抗体表达均上调。结论肢带型肌营养不良2B型的临床特点是缓慢起病,进行性加重的四肢(或双下肢)肌萎缩、肌无力;其病理学特点与多发性肌炎的改变相似。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.