lncRNA在消化道肿瘤放疗敏感性中的作用及机制

消化道肿瘤为常见的多发肿瘤,放疗是消化道肿瘤的主要治疗方法之一,但是部分患者存在放疗抵抗.近年来,体内外研究发现长链非编码核糖核酸(long non coding RNA,lncRNA)与消化道肿瘤的放疗敏感性相关.本文针对lncRNA与消化道肿瘤放疗敏感性的研究成果及其相关作用机制进行简要概述.     

头颈部肿瘤相关长链非编码RNA的研究进展

长链非编码RNA( lncRNA)是一类转录长度>200 nt的RNA分子,不编码蛋白. 近年来越来越多的研究证明lncRNA是多种肿瘤发生发展的关键调控因子,lncRNA靶向基因治疗有望成为肿瘤治疗的新途径. 目前关于头颈部肿瘤相关lncRNA的研究相对较少,本文将结合国内外最新研究文献,论述lncRNA在头颈部肿瘤中的研究进展.     

LncRNA在头颈肿瘤中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是指转录本长度超过200个核苷酸的不编码蛋白的RNA.lncRNA参与了各种各样的生物学过程且发挥重要调控功能,如:细胞凋亡、侵袭、转移等.近年来大量研究表明lncRNA的异常调节可以导致各种疾病,特别是肿瘤.本文结合国内外最新报道对lncR-NAs在头颈肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述.     

长链非编码RNA在头颈肿瘤中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)是一类长度超过200 nt且不能编码的蛋白质,但具有生物学功能的RNA分子与肿瘤的发生、发展关系密切.研究发现lncRNA与头颈肿瘤细胞的增殖、凋亡、细胞周期改变、侵袭转移等生物学行为密切相关,并且可以改变肿瘤对放疗及化疗敏感性,通过多种途径影响头颈肿瘤的发生、发展、转移及预后.本文就lncRNA在头颈肿瘤中的作用作一综述.     

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞与长链非编码RNA在肿瘤发展中的研究进展

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞是肿瘤微环境重要组成部分,极化亚型影响肿瘤进展过程。长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)不编码蛋白质,但是同样参与生物学过程,异常表达的lncRNA影响生理和病理进程,尤其对肿瘤发展有重要调控作用。癌症中一些异常表达的lncRNA直接或者间接影响巨噬细胞极化亚型调控肿瘤发展进程,lncRNA和巨噬细胞之间调节机制尚未清楚。lncRNA同肿瘤相关巨噬细胞可作为肿瘤潜在靶点和治疗中间物。本文将对在肿瘤中相互作用的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞与长链非编码RNA调控肿瘤进展过程进行综述。     

ABHD11-AS1在肿瘤中表达及调控作用研究

摘 要：长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）是一类长度>200 nt且不具备编码蛋白质能力的非编码RNA。大量研究表明lncRNA在恶性肿瘤发生发展中起着重要作用。ABHD11-AS1作为一种lncRNA在诸多人类肿瘤中呈现异常表达,并能够调控肿瘤增殖和侵袭、迁移等恶性生物学行为。全文对ABHD11-AS1在肿瘤中的表达及调控作用进行综述。     

长链非编码RNA与肿瘤相关性研究进展

随着全基因组测序和转录测序技术的发展,长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)逐渐成为研究的热点,越来越多的lncRNA分子被发现.lncRNA不仅作为DNA和蛋白质之间的中介发挥作用,其在细胞功能方面也具有重要作用.lncRNA通过染色体重塑、转录、转录后加工等多种途径参与调节基因表达.lncRNA调节异常与人类许多疾病尤其是恶性肿瘤相关,有望成为新型肿瘤诊断标志物和肿瘤治疗的靶点.近期研究提示,lncRNA在肿瘤诊断和治疗方面具有良好的临床应用前景.本文综述lncRNA领域最近的研究成果并探讨lncRNA调节异常与肿瘤的关联.     

LINC01234在肿瘤中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)一般不参与基因编码和蛋白质合成,但是可在表观遗传水平、转录水平和转录后水平调控目的基因表达。lncRNA的亚细胞定位对其生物学功能具有重要意义。细胞核中的lncRNA主要在转录过程中发挥作用,而细胞质中的lncRNA则倾向在转录后起作用,并影响级联信号传导通路。近年来研究发现基因间长链非编码RNA01234(LINC01234)功能较为复杂,在乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、肾细胞癌等多种肿瘤中均高表达,在肿瘤发生与发展中发挥重要作用,可能作为肿瘤诊断、预后的生物标记。lncRNA具有高度的稳定性和组织特异性优势,且在多种体液中能被检测到,在临床上用来作为肿瘤检测指标显示出很大的优势。本文结合国内外最新研究报道,对LINC01234在肿瘤研究中的进展作一综述。     

肿瘤中长链非编码RNA GIHCG的表达及作用研究进展

摘 要：长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA，lncRNA）是一类长度大于200个核苷酸且基本不能编码蛋白质的RNA分子，在诸多肿瘤中表达异常的lncRNA能够参与调控肿瘤的发生与发展。长链非编码RNA GIHCG（gradual increased during hepatocarcinogenesis）是近年在肝细胞癌研究中新发现的一种lncRNA，其异常高表达与多种恶性肿瘤患者预后密切相关。GIHCG可通过内源竞争性吸附miRNA、调节细胞周期以及激活多种信号通路来调控肿瘤的恶性生物学行为，对GIHCG作用的研究有助于相关肿瘤的诊断、治疗及评估预后。全文就肿瘤中长链非编码RNA GIHCG的表达及作用的研究进展进行综述。     

LncRNA PVT1与恶性肿瘤治疗的研究进展

摘 要：长链非编码RNA-PVT1（lncRNA PVT1）作为一种重要的致癌性非编码RNA在多种恶性肿瘤呈现高表达并提示不良预后,其通过影响肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭和凋亡促进肿瘤的发生发展。目前大量的研究表明lncRNA PVT1在多种肿瘤中具有致癌活性或驱动作用,比如以竞争性内源RNA或作为“分子海绵”负性调控肿瘤相关miRNA的表达促进肿瘤发生等,因此,基于lncRNA PVT1在肿瘤发病中的关键作用,进一步的深入研究有望为恶性肿瘤提供新的治疗靶点。     

The functional role of long non-coding RNA in digestive system carcinomas

In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Recent evidences suggest that lncRNAs play a very important role in digestive system carcinomas. However, the biological function of lncRNAs in the vast majority of digestive system carcinomas remains unclear. Recently, increasing studies has begun to explore their molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks that they are implicated in tumorigenesis. In this review, we highlight the emerging functional role of lncRNAs in digestive system carcinomas. It is becoming clear that lncRNAs will be exciting and potentially useful for diagnosis and treatment of digestive system carcinomas, some of these lncRNAs might function as both diagnostic markers and the treatment targets of digestive system carcinomas.     

循环miRNAs与胰腺癌早期诊断的研究进展

胰腺癌（pancreatic cancer）是目前世界范围内恶性程度最高的肿瘤之一,在消化系统恶性肿瘤中居第2位。胰腺癌起病隐匿,进展迅速,预后较差,术后5年生存率不超过5％。而且缺乏可靠的早期诊断肿瘤标志物,因此,寻找胰腺癌特异性的早期诊断肿瘤标志物显得尤为重要。近年来研究发现循环miRNA在胰腺癌的发生、发展及转移过程中发挥着重要的作用。本文就循环miRNA用于胰腺癌早期诊断的研究进展作一综述。     

泛素偶联酶UBE2C/UbcH10在消化道肿瘤中的研究进展

素偶联酶UBE2C是泛素—蛋白酶体通路（UPP）中重要的成员之一,UBE2C/UbcH10的过表达不仅与恶性肿瘤的病因学有直接关系,并且与恶性肿瘤的发展和预后有着密切的关系,该文就泛素偶联酶的结构功能、作用机制及其在消化道肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述,为其用于消化道肿瘤病因学研究提供理论基础。     

合肥市属部分医疗机构消化道恶性肿瘤住院患者营养现状调查分析

目的:探讨合肥市属部分医疗机构消化道恶性肿瘤住院患者营养现状调查情况,为提高患者营养干预水平提供依据。方法:选择2017年1月至2019年1月合肥市第三人民医院、合肥市滨湖医院、合肥市第二人民医院治疗的消化道恶性肿瘤住院患者350例作为研究对象,所有患者均采用患者主观整体评估（PG-SGA）对患者营养状况进行调查,根据调查结果分为营养不良组与营养良好组。查阅病历资料,记录两组性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、家族肿瘤史、肿瘤病灶转移、肿瘤分期、是否接受放化疗等,对上述影响因素进行单因素及多因素Logistic分析。结果:合肥市属部分医疗机构消化道恶性肿瘤住院患者350例中85例营养不良,占24.29%。营养不良患者中中度营养不良占14.29%,重度营养不良占10.00%;单因素及多因素Logistic分析结果表明:合肥市属部分医疗机构消化道恶性肿瘤住院患者营养不良与性别、吸烟史、饮酒无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;合肥市属部分医疗机构消化道恶性肿瘤住院患者营养不良发生率与年龄、家族肿瘤史、肿瘤病灶转移、肿瘤分期、是否接受放化疗具有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论:合肥市属部分医疗机构消化道恶性肿瘤住院患者营养不良受到的影响因素较多,应加强患者营养筛查、评估及干预水平,改善患者预后。     

长链非编码RNA在胃癌中的研究进展

胃癌的发生涉及多步骤、多基因的相互作用等复杂过程。长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）是一类长度超过200个核苷酸的无蛋白质编码功能却被证明具有广泛的基因表达调控作用的RNA分子。许多研究已经证实,lncRNA在多种类型肿瘤中存在异常表达,且在肿瘤发生、发展的过程中具有重要的作用。目前,研究证实lncRNA 在胃癌中异常表达,发挥潜在的促癌和抑癌的作用。本文就在胃癌中lncRNA表达的最新研究进展作一综述。     

炎性反应参数评估壶腹癌预后生存的研究进展

壶腹癌作为一种罕见的消化道恶性肿瘤。相对于其他壶腹周围恶性肿瘤,其预后生存明显较好,但部分壶腹癌患者预后疗效仍不尽人意。研究证实全身炎性反应与肿瘤预后疗效密切相关,并且肿瘤微环境对肿瘤的进展和预后生存具有至关重要的作用。近年来,炎性反应参数及相关预测模型成为预测壶腹癌预后生存的热点,并已被证实具有一定的预测价值。本文就炎性反应参数与壶腹癌预后相关性及未来可能的研究进展进行概述。     

Diagnostic and prognostic tumor markers in the gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract is the most common site of malignancies of any anatomic system in the body. An early detection of primary tumors of the bowel, pancreas, liver, stomach, and esophagus is often difficult in asymptomatic patients and for this reason these tumors are often detected at a relatively advanced stage, when symptoms lead to a diagnostic evaluation. Furthermore, gastrointestinal tract tumors have an extremely variable prognosis; thus, the identification of new prognostic parameters may be useful for selecting patients to more tailored therapies. In this work, the main molecular, genetic, tissular, and circulating tumor markers proposed for diagnosis and prognosis of gastrointestinal malignancies are reviewed and discussed.     

Long Noncoding RNA in Digestive Tract Cancers: Function,Mechanism, and Potential Biomarker

Digestive tract cancers (DTCs) are a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Current therapeutic tools for advanced stage DTCs have limitations, and patients with early stage DTCs frequently have a missed diagnosis due to shortage of efficient biomarkers. Consequently, it is necessary to develop novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and novel therapeutic targets for treatment of DTCs. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs with >200 nucleotides, have been shown to be aberrantly expressed in DTCs and to have an important role in DTC development: the expression profiles of lncRNAs strongly correlated with poor survival of patients with DTCs, and lncRNAs acted as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in DTC progression. In this review, we summarized the functional lncRNAs and expounded on their regulatory mechanisms in DTCs.

Implications for Practice:

Digestive tract cancers (DTCs) are a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It is necessary to exploit novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and novel therapeutic targets for treatment of DTCs. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs with approximately 200 nucleotides to 100,000 bases, participate in the progression of a variety of diseases. This review summarizes functional lncRNAs, which were shown to serve as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of DTCs and to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in DTC development. In addition, the potential mechanism of functional lncRNAs in DTCs is highlighted.     

lncRNA Expression-Based Risk Scoring System Can Predict Survival of Tumor-Positive Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to explore whether lncRNA expression profiles can predict prognosis of HCC patients with tumors. Methods: Expression of lncRNAs in HCC patients based on data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was examined by uni- and multivariate cox analysis to identify associations between clinical features and overall survival (OS) or recurrence-free survival (RFS). Based on our finding that both were independently associated with tumor status, we examined lncRNAs differentially expressed between patients with or without tumors. An lncRNA-based risk scoring system was developed to predict OS and RFS in tumor-positive patients, and it was assessed using uni- and multivariate cox analyses. Potential functions of the prognostic lncRNAs were explored. Results: A risk scoring system to predict OS for HCC patients with tumors was developed based on the expression of six lncRNAs (AC090921.1, AC012640.1, AL158839.1, AL356056.1, AL359853.1 and C10orf91), and a corresponding scoring system to predict RFS was developed from nine lncRNAs (AL356056.1, AL158839.1, MIR7-3HG, AL445493.2, AP000808.1, AP003354.2, PLCE1-AS1, TH2LCRR and LINC01447). Both risk scoring systems gave areas under receiver operating characteristic curves >0.7. Uni- and multivariate cox analyses showed that both risk scoring systems independently predicted survival even after adjusting for clinical factors. The lncRNAs related to OS may be involved in complement and coagulation cascades, while those related to RFS may be involved in the cell cycle. Conclusion: Risk scoring system based on these lncRNAs may be useful for predicting prognosis of tumor-positive HCC patients.