液体活检在食管鳞状细胞癌中的应用及展望

食管癌是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,常见的病理类型包括鳞状细胞癌和腺癌,其中鳞状细胞癌占食管癌的90％.食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)发病率高,早期诊断困难,复发率高,预后欠佳,目前仍缺乏有效的检测方法.液体活检作为一种新兴技术,包括对循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)、循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)、循环肿瘤RNA(ctRNA)、肿瘤来源的外泌体、肿瘤相关血小板(TEP)及循环肿瘤相关微粒等进行检测,可在各类肿瘤的早期诊断、治疗及预后判断中发挥重要作用.本文围绕液体活检技术在ESCC中的最新研究进展作一综述,旨在探讨循环肿瘤标志物在ESCC诊断、治疗及预后判断中的作用及局限性.     

液体活检在神经胶质母细胞瘤诊断中的应用进展

胶质母细胞瘤（glioblastoma,GBM）是侵袭性极高、预后极差的中枢神经系统肿瘤。目前对于GBM的诊断主要依靠于影像学和组织活检。精准医学时代,液体活检这种相对无创的新兴检测手段已在诸多实体瘤中取得了显著的进展。与传统检测技术相比,液体活检弥补了传统组织活检有创和无法反复取样的局限。本文将针对液体活检循环肿瘤标志物如循环肿瘤DNA、microRNA、循环肿瘤细胞和外泌体在GBM 中的应用进展进行综述。     

2023年度液体活检标志物研究进展年终盘点

液体活检技术作为新兴的检测技术,可以非侵入性地反映体内肿瘤的状态,在肿瘤筛检中具有广阔的应用前景。液体活检来源涵盖了不同类型的肿瘤相关物质,包括循环肿瘤DNA、循环肿瘤细胞、细胞外囊泡、非编码RNA等。本文就2023年度液体活检标志物检测及其在肿瘤的早期诊断、疗效评估、预后和复发转移监测等方面的研究新进展进行盘点,为深入探索以液体活检标志物为核心的肿瘤个体化诊治策略提供依据。     

液体活检在结直肠癌诊断中的应用进展

结直肠癌(Colorectal cancer,CRC)作为全球第三大常见癌症,是导致人类死亡的重要原因之一。目前针对CRC的诊断手段仍在不断完善,液体活检作为一种新兴的无创活检组织检查技术,受到广泛关注。液体活检主要对生物源液体特定成分进行分析,其中主要包括循环肿瘤细胞、循环肿瘤DNA、细胞游离DNA、外泌体、肿瘤相关血小板及循环肿瘤相关微粒等。本文就以上生物源液体特定成分在CRC诊断中的最新应用研究进行综述。     

液体活检在结直肠癌中的应用进展

随着精准医疗在肿瘤临床领域中的广泛开展, 对肿瘤分子生物学特性进行实时动态监测的需求越来越高。近年来, 液体活检作为新兴的分子诊断技术具有实时性和可重复性, 在肿瘤临床诊断与治疗中发挥着越来越重要的价值。液体活检主要通过无创方法收集患者体液, 检测分析循环肿瘤细胞、循环肿瘤DNA、外泌体等生物学标志物。本文将从液体活检的生物学基础及其在结直肠癌中的临床应用进行综述。     

液体活检及其在非小细胞肺癌诊治中的研究进展

随着近几年科学技术的进步,液体活检技术也有了长足的发展,并在肿瘤的早期诊断及后期治疗中扮演着越来越重要的角色。相比于传统的组织活检,液体活检以其独有的无创性、便捷性、高重复性等特点在临床上得到更多的青睐,在未来有着巨大的发展潜力。本文重点探讨了循环肿瘤细胞（circulating tumor cells, CTCs）和循环肿瘤DNA（circulating tumor DNA, ctDNA）,作为液体活检最重要的两个检测对象,其历史、生物学特性,检测手段,局限性及其在非小细胞肺癌诊治中的应用。     

液体活组织检查在泌尿系肿瘤中的研究进展

泌尿系恶性肿瘤是一种发病率和病死率较高的疾病,早期发现、诊断、治疗反应和预后预测可以显著改善患者的生命质量。无创液体活组织检查的发展代表了精准医学领域的重大创新,开辟了癌症的精准医学和个体化治疗计划的新时代。循环生物标志物在泌尿系肿瘤的诊断、治疗反应和预后中显示出巨大的潜在效用。文章就液体活组织检查在泌尿系肿瘤中的研究进展进行综述。     

液体活检在结直肠癌领域的研究及应用现状

近年来,液体活检作为新兴的分子诊断技术,具有实时性和可重复性,在临床工作中发挥越来越重要的作用。液体活检主要通过无创方法收集患者体液,检测分析循环肿瘤细胞、循环肿瘤DNA、外泌体等生物学标志物。本文将从液体活检的生物学基础及其在结直肠癌临床应用方面进行综述。     

ctDNA在非小细胞肺癌放射治疗中的应用进展

循环肿瘤DNA（ctDNA）以其无创检测、克服肿瘤异质性等优点,已成为无创液体活检最为常用的分析指标。肺癌是全世界发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,其中约85%为非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）。放射治疗在NSCLC各个分期中应用广泛,其直接杀死肿瘤细胞根治癌症的同时,间接增加ctDNA释放,提高液体活检准确性。因此ctDNA在NSCLC放射治疗中的应用前景广阔。本文将对ctDNA用于NSCLC放疗患者诊断、预后评估、复发监测以及疗效预测各领域的新进展进行综述。     

ctDNA在非小细胞肺癌放射治疗中的应用进展

循环肿瘤DNA（ctDNA）以其无创检测、克服肿瘤异质性等优点,已成为无创液体活检最为常用的分析指标。肺癌是全世界发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,其中约85%为非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）。放射治疗在NSCLC各个分期中应用广泛,其直接杀死肿瘤细胞根治癌症的同时,间接增加ctDNA释放,提高液体活检准确性。因此ctDNA在NSCLC放射治疗中的应用前景广阔。本文将对ctDNA用于NSCLC放疗患者诊断、预后评估、复发监测以及疗效预测各领域的新进展进行综述。     

液体活检在非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗中应用

目的液体活检技术在肿瘤的检测方法中是尤为重要的检测手段。其在指导非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)靶向药物的选择、耐药监测以及预后评估等方面具有重要作用,本研究分析近年来国内外液体活检在NSCLC靶向治疗中的应用,以期明确液体活检对NSCLC靶向治疗的指导作用,进而有助于指导靶向药物在NSCLC治疗中的应用。方法应用PubMed、中国知网及中国期刊全文数据库检索系统,以"液体活检、循环肿瘤DNA、循环肿瘤细胞、靶向治疗、非小细胞肺癌"为关键词,检索2009-2019年发表的相关文献。纳入标准:(1)液体活检的机制;(2)靶向治疗在NSCLC中的应用;(3)NSCLC的治疗。排除标准:(1)中文非核心期刊的文献和英文非SCI收录文献;(2)结果重复且相对陈旧的实验研究。根据纳入标准和排除标准,最终29篇文献纳入分析。结果液体活检技术可对NSCLC的诊断、治疗及预后评估进行实时动态监测,及时获取肿瘤基因突变信息,在指导靶向药物选择,对耐药监测以及预后评估等方面具有重要作用。结论液体活检对指导NSCLC患者的靶向治疗具有重要作用,有助于NSCLC患者靶向药物治疗的选择。     

肺癌液体活检研究进展

液体活检在恶性肿瘤的应用已经取得极大的进展,针对肺癌患者外周血中的循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cells,CTCs)、循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ctDNA)和外泌体fexosomes)的检测可以实时、有效地用于肺癌早期诊断、疗效监测、预后评估和精准治疗等方面.全文就CTCs、ctDNA和外泌体在肺癌领域的研究进展及临床使用的优势和潜在的应用价值进行综述,以期促进液体活检的应用,提高肺癌的临床疗效.     

Beyond blood: Advancing the frontiers of liquid biopsy in oncology and personalized medicine

Liquid biopsy is emerging as a pivotal tool in precision oncology, offering a noninvasive and comprehensive approach to cancer diagnostics and management. By harnessing biofluids such as blood, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and pleural effusions, this technique profiles key biomarkers including circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles. This review discusses the extended scope of liquid biopsy, highlighting its indispensable role in enhancing patient outcomes through early detection, continuous monitoring, and tailored therapy. While the advantages are notable, we also address the challenges, emphasizing the necessity for precision, cost-effectiveness, and standardized methodologies in its broader application. The future trajectory of liquid biopsy is set to expand its reach in personalized medicine, fueled by technological advancements and collaborative research.     

Monitoring of cancer patients via next‐generation sequencing of patient‐derived circulating tumor cells and tumor DNA

Liquid biopsy of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is gaining attention as a method for real‐time monitoring in cancer patients. Conventional methods based upon epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression have a risk of missing the most aggressive CTC subpopulations due to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and may, thus, underestimate the total number of actual CTC present in the bloodstream. Techniques utilizing a label‐free inertial microfluidics approach (LFIMA) enable efficient capture of CTC without the need for EpCAM expression. In this study, we optimized a method for analyzing genetic alterations using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of extracted ctDNA and CTC enriched using an LFIMA as a first‐phase examination of 30 patients with head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC). Seven patients with advanced CRC were enrolled in the second‐phase examination to monitor the emergence of alterations occurring during treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐specific antibodies. Using LFIMA, we effectively captured CTC (median number of CTC, 14.5 cells/mL) from several types of cancer and detected missense mutations via NGS of CTC and ctDNA. We also detected time‐dependent genetic alterations that appeared during anti–EGFR therapy in CTC and ctDNA from CRC patients. The results of NGS analyses indicated that alterations in the genomic profile revealed by the liquid biopsy could be expanded by using a combination of assays with CTC and ctDNA. The study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (ID: UMIN000014095).     

液体活检在子宫内膜癌中的应用

子宫内膜癌是常见的女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤之一.大多数子宫内膜癌可以早期诊断,预后良好,但是晚期和复发性子宫内膜癌预后不佳.液体活检作为无侵袭性的肿瘤标本获取方式,具有无创和可重复获取等优点,目前已经批准应用于多种恶性肿瘤的诊治过程.目前液体活检在子宫内膜癌的早期诊断、风险分层、治疗选择和实时疾病监测等方面也有相关的研究和...     

Detection and relevance of epigenetic markers on ctDNA: recent advances and future outlook

Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive approach, is a highly powerful clinical tool for the real‐time follow‐up of cancer and overcomes many limitations of tissue biopsies. Epigenetic alterations have a high potential to provide a valuable source of innovative biomarkers for cancer, owing to their stability, frequency, and noninvasive accessibility in bodily fluids. Numerous DNA methylation markers are now tested in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as potential biomarkers, in various types of cancer. DNA methylation in combination with liquid biopsy is very powerful in identifying circulating epigenetic biomarkers of clinical importance. Blood‐based epigenetic biomarkers have a high potential for early detection of cancer since DNA methylation in plasma can be detected early during cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on DNA methylation markers in ctDNA for early detection, prognosis, minimal residual disease, risk of relapse, treatment selection, and resistance, for breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancer.     

EpCAM-based Flow Cytometric Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Gallbladder Carcinoma Cases

Purpose: Liquid biopsy has entered the arena of cancer diagnostics in the past decade and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) is one diagnostic component. CTCs in gallbladder cancer (GBC) have hitherto not been comprehensively analysed. Methods and Results: The current study focused on the diagnostic role of CTCs in 27 cases of treatment-naive GBC and 6 normal controls as well as 6 cases of cholecystitis. An EasySep kit featuring negative immunomagnetic bead separation and flow cytometric detection of EpCAM positive and CD45 negative cells revealed CTCs in 25 of the 27 cases. At a cut-off point of ≥1, the CTC count discriminated GBC from controls with a sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 92.6%, 91.7% and 92.3%, respectively. CTC levels in turn correlated significantly with clinico-pathological parameters of cases in terms of known prognostic indicators, with significant diagnostic potential at a cut-off point of >4, to discriminate disease stage I and II vs. III and IV GBC. With a cut-off of >3, the CTC count discriminated tumor stages I and II vs. III and IV and at >6 CTCs could discriminate metastatic vs. non metastatic GBCs with a sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 55. 6%, 100.0% and 85.2, respectively. A review of CTC in pancreatico-biliary malignancies is included. Conclusion: Detection and quantification of CTCs may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for GBC diagnosis in correlation with radiological studies.