川，陕，甘三省毗邻地区原发性宫颈癌889例活检的临床病理分析

宫颈癌是女性生殖系统常见的恶性肿瘤 ,约占女性所有恶性肿瘤总数的１２%左右。我科１９８０～１９９９年间为川、陕、甘三省毗邻地区妇女作宫颈病理组织切片活检１４６３例 ,检出宫颈癌８８９例 ,检出率６０．７７% ,现将其发病年龄分布及病理组织学类型分析报告如下。１一般资料本组８８９例宫颈癌患者均为我科１９８０～１９９９年间为四川北部（广元市、巴中市、南江县等地）、陕西南部（宁强市及其周边地区）、甘肃南部（文县、康县等地）三省毗邻地区妇女作宫颈病理组织切片活检检出的原发性宫颈癌病例（排除了宫颈癌根治术后送检的重…     

600例大肠癌肠镜活检及术后诊断的病理研究

目的：探讨大肠镜活检术后病理分型,分期的关系,为大肠癌的早期诊断和治疗提供依据。方法：根据ＷＨＯ国际肿瘤组织学分型及ＤＵＫＥＥＳ分期标准,回顾性研究６００例肠镜活检为癌术后检查证实的病理资料。结果：对比观察表明,肠镜活检与术后诊断符合率为１００％,病理组织学分型符合为８５％（５１０／６００）。ＤＵＫＥＳＡ期２０５,Ｂ期１７８例,Ｃ期２１７例。结论：肠镜活检有助于大肠癌的早期诊断和治疗,有利于提高患     

80例鼻咽涂片与病理组织学符合率分析

８０例鼻咽涂片与病理组织学符合率分析徐维萍沈铭昌王龙富冯丽青顾良宏张小龙陈士雄作者单位：上海医科大学附属肿瘤医院病理科（２０００３２）鼻咽癌是我国华南地区常见恶性肿瘤。鼻咽癌由于部位隐蔽，往往须多次钳取活检才能获得确诊。对鼻咽部肿瘤进行涂片作细胞学诊...     

阴道镜联合利普(LEEP)刀治疗宫颈癌变的可行性及安全性分析

目的探讨阴道镜联合LEEP刀治疗CIN的可行性及安全性。方法将83例CIN患者随机分为观察组(n=42)和对照组(n=41)。所有患者均给予阴道镜评估病变,观察组给予LEEP治疗,对照组常规手术治疗。观察阴道镜活检与LEEP术切除结果符合率,比较2组临床疗效、手术基本情况、术后6个月复发转移情况及生活质量改善情况。结果阴道镜活检与LEEP术后病理活检诊断符合率92.86%,二者诊断HSIL(95.83%)的符合率高于LSIL(88.89%)。观察组术中出血量少于对照组(t=-13.960,P=0.000),手术时间低于对照组(t=-17.456,P=0.000),临床有效率(97.62%)高于对照组(85.37%)(Z=-2.595,P=0.009),远期复发率(4.76%)显著低于对照组的(43.90%)(χ~2=17.378,P=0.000),生活质量改善率(30.95%)高于对照组的(19.51%)(Z=-2.673,P=0.008)。结论阴道镜联合LEEP治疗CIN临床疗效显著,诊断符合率高,可有效减少术中出血量,缩短手术时间,降低复发率,安全性高,能够有效改善患者生存质量,值得推广。     

胃癌患者术前胃镜活检与外科术后病理的对比研究

目的:探讨胃癌患者术前胃镜活检与外科术后病理对比情况。方法:76例可疑胃癌患者为研究对象。所有患者术前均经胃镜活检诊断,术后均外科病理检查,对比两者在诊断符合率上情况。结果:诊断结果,术前胃镜活检确诊胃癌84.21%,疑似胃癌11.84%,排除胃癌3.95%;术后病理诊断确诊胃癌94.74%,疑似胃癌0,排除胃癌5.26%。病理结果,术前胃镜活检管状腺癌、黏液腺癌、乳头状腺癌、印戒细胞癌发生率分别为9.21%、38.16%、44.74%、7.89%;术后病理诊断管状腺癌、黏液腺癌、乳头状腺癌、印戒细胞癌发生率分别为19.44%、29.17%、23.61%、27.78%。分化程度,术前胃镜活检分化型占59.21%,分化不良型占40.79%;术后病理诊断分化型占80.56%,分化不良型占19.44%。以上两者比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:虽然胃镜活检和术后病理不完全一致,但作为术前一种诊断,胃镜活检准确度仍较高。     

LEEP术后病理检查与阴道镜宫颈活检对宫颈癌前病变的诊断准确性

目的通过比较LEEP术后病理检查和阴道镜宫颈活检对宫颈癌前病变诊断结果的差异,评价阴道镜宫颈活检诊断宫颈癌前病变的准确性。方法对315例行妇科检查的患者行阴道镜宫颈活检和LEEP手术以及术后病理组织检查。结果阴道镜下宫颈活检与LEEP术后组织病理诊断的总符合率为57.15%(180/315),诊断不足20.95%(66/315),诊断过度21.90%(69/315);CINⅠ级诊断符合率为76.67%(23/30),漏诊CINⅡ/CINⅢ级2例,无原位癌和微小浸润癌漏诊。CINⅡ/CINⅢ级(含原位癌)符合率为56.67%(63/111),漏诊浸润癌33例(33/111)。相关因素对比分析发现,阴道镜活检结果为高级别CIN和细胞学检查结果为HSIL及以上,是阴道镜宫颈活检浸润癌漏诊的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论阴道镜宫颈组织活检存在漏诊宫颈微小浸润癌的风险。阴道镜宫颈组织活检对象如果为高级别CIN患者,则应行LEEP术以达到进一步确诊或排除浸润癌的目的。     

老年宫颈癌患者术后复发的高危因素及其病理特征

目的:探讨分析老年宫颈癌患者术后复发高危因素及其病理特征。方法:回顾性分析2011年3月至2015年6月我院收治的老年宫颈癌（I-IIa期）并行宫颈癌根治术的338例患者临床资料,将术后复发患者56例作为复发组,其余未复发患者282例作为对照组,对可能影响患者术后复发的各因素进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:对患者进行术后随访,术后复发56例,术后复发率16.57%,其中鳞癌患者46例（82.14%）、非鳞癌患者10例（17.86%）。单因素分析结果显示,临床分期、肿瘤大小、组织分化程度、盆腔淋巴结转移、宫颈浸润深度、术后放疗、术后化疗以及术前SCC表达对老年宫颈癌患者术后复发有显著影响（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,盆腔淋巴结转移、临床分期、宫颈浸润深度、术后化疗以及SCC表达情况进入回归模型（P＜0.05）。结论:盆腔淋巴结转移、临床分期高、宫颈浸润深、术前SCC表达异常是老年宫颈癌患者术后复发的独立危险因素,而术后化疗是老年宫颈癌患者术后复发的保护因素。     

妊娠期生理特点与宫颈癌的关系及围妊娠期宫颈癌筛查的意义

目的 探讨妊娠期生理特点与宫颈癌的关系及加强宫颈疾病史妇女围妊娠期宫颈癌筛查的意义.方法 选取2018年1月至2020年1月间陕西省西安医学院第二附属医院妇产科门诊建立档案并接受正规产前检查的22141例孕妇作为研究对象,根据是否处于妊娠期进行分组,妊娠期3328例,非妊娠期18813例.按照自愿原则,受检者接受液基细...     

宫颈LCT结合阴道镜及宫颈活检对宫颈上皮内瘤变和宫颈癌患者的早期诊断价值研究

目的探讨宫颈液基细胞学检查(liquid-based cytological test,LCT)结合阴道镜及宫颈活检对宫颈上皮内瘤变和宫颈癌患者的早期诊断价值。方法回顾性分析250例宫颈LCT阳性的病例,对其进行宫颈活检。比较细胞学与组织学结果,并研究发病率与年龄的关系。结果在所有LCT阳性病例中,ASC-US 142例(在阳性病例中占56.8%),AGC为3例(1.2%),ASC-H 24例(9.6%),LSIL 82例(54.4%),HSIL为26例(10.4%),SCC 1例(0.4%);宫颈活检结果中,炎性反应66例(26.4%),挖空细胞25例(10.0%),CINⅠ级54例(21.6%),CINⅡ级59例(23.6%),CINⅢ级28例(11.2%),鳞癌16例(6.4%),腺癌2例(0.8%),以组织学结果验证细胞学结果,符合率分别为ASC-US(100.0%),ASC-H(92.3%),LSIL(63.2%),HSIL(72.9%),SCC(100.0%);并且宫颈病变多见于30~50岁年龄段。结论宫颈LCT具有较高的准确性,是筛查宫颈上皮性病变的重要手段,结合阴道镜及宫颈活检可使宫颈上皮内瘤变和宫颈癌患者得到早期诊断和早期治疗。     

在宫颈癌根治术中后腹膜开放与关闭的术后并发症对照研究

目的：分析宫颈癌根治术后的后腹膜关闭与否对患者术后并发症的影响。方法：回顾分析2006年1月至2008年12月期间,汕头大学医学院附属肿瘤医院收治的260例行子宫广泛切除并盆腔淋巴结清扫术的宫颈癌患者,其中开放后腹膜组115例,关闭后腹膜组145例,对比2组在手术时间、术后淋巴囊肿形成、下肢淋巴回流障碍或静脉血栓形成出现的下肢肿胀以及肠梗阻发生的差异。结果：开放后腹膜组手术时间明显短于关闭后腹膜组（P〈0.05）;开放后腹膜组患者术后盆腔淋巴囊肿发生率明显低于关闭后腹膜组（P〈0.05）;开放后腹膜组术后因淋巴回流障碍或静脉血栓形成出现下肢肿胀的发生率明显低于关闭后腹膜组（P〈0.05）;术后发生肠梗阻的情况2组间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：宫颈癌根治术行盆腔淋巴结清扫后开放后腹膜可缩短手术时间,并且可减少术后并发症的发生。     

宫颈癌保留盆腔神经的广泛子宫切除术的疗效分析

目的:探讨保留神经的广泛子宫切除手术的可行性.方法:2011年1月至2015年12月,陕西省肿瘤医院收治57例子宫颈癌(诊断为Ⅰa2-Ⅱa期)患者,按纳入和排除标准随机分为两组,A组27例,实施保留盆腔神经的广泛子宫切除术(NSRH);B组30例,实施广泛子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴结清扫术(RH),比较两组间的总手术时间、术中失血量、宫旁及阴道切除长度、切除淋巴结数量及膀胱、直肠功能恢复情况.结果:两组患者均顺利完成手术,保留组总手术时间、术中失血量、宫旁及阴道切除长度、切除淋巴结数量等方面与对照组比较,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);拔除尿管平均时间(213.2±60.4)h、术后残余尿量(50.7±7)ml、肛门排气时间(53.2±4.3)min、术后排便时间(72.4±3.3)min与对照组(297.6 ±72)h、(70.8±9)ml、(68.1±5.6)min、(89.5±6.7)min比较,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后随访3~24个月,两组患者排便、排尿无异常,均无复发、转移及死亡病例.结论:NSRH有利于术后膀胱、直肠功能恢复,对早期宫颈癌治疗具有安全性和可行性.     

Histopathological prognostic factors in patients with cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy and postoperative radiotherapy

Background Many studies have been performed, on the clinical outcome and prognostic factors in patients with cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy and postoperative radiotherapy, but no useful method for predicting the risk of recurrence has been established. The purpose of this study was to analyze histopathological prognostic factors. In addition, we proposed a new risk classification and evaluated its usefulness.Methods One hundred and thirty patients with stage I-II uterine cervical cancer were treated with radical hysterectomy and postoperative radiotherapy at Ehime University Hospital between 1978 and 1997. All surgical specimens were reviewed, and the relationship between histopathological factors and the clinical outcome was analyzed.Results Of the histopathological prognostic factors of the surgical specimens analyzed, six factors (parametrial invasion, venous infiltration, pelvic lymph node metastases, thickness of the residual muscular layer, tumor depth, and tumor growth pattern) were significant prognostic factors. In particular, venous infiltration and pelvic lymph node metastases were strongly correlated with recurrence. Using the above five factors (excluding the thickness of the residual muscle layer), all patients were scored based on the total number of poor prognostic factors, and were classified into three groups. Patients with a score of 0–1 were classified as the low-risk group, those with a score of 2 as the intermediate group, and those with a score of 3–5 as the high-risk group. The 5-year disease-free survival rates were 93% in the low-risk group, 82% in the intermediate group, and 56% in the high-risk group (P < 0.05).Conclusion Six prognostic factors were found. Our risk classification seems to be clinically useful to predict which patients are at risk of recurrence.     

腹腔镜在早期宫颈癌根治术中的应用效果评价

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗早期宫颈癌的可行性、安全性及临床价值。方法 收集2009年1月至2014年12月在广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院妇瘤科行宫颈癌根治术的623例早期宫颈癌患者的病历资料,按手术方式分组：腹腔镜组374例,开腹组249例。回顾性分析两组患者的基本情况、手术时间、术中出血量、术中淋巴结切除数目、宫旁组织及阴道切除长度及手术并发症。结果 腹腔镜手术组成功实施368例,成功率98.40％（368／374）,中转开腹6例,中转开腹率1.60％ （6／374）。腹腔镜组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床活动时间、肛门排气时间均优于开腹组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而两组淋巴结切除数、宫旁组织和阴道切除长度比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。在术中及术后并发症方面,除尿潴留外,两组差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 腹腔镜下宫颈癌根治术较传统开腹手术创伤小、术中出血量少、术后并发症少及术后恢复快,是治疗早期宫颈癌有效、安全的方法。     

腹腔镜下宫颈癌根治术的近期疗效及患者预后的影响因素分析

目的：分析腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术的近期疗效及患者预后的影响因素。方法回顾性分析128例行腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术患者的病历资料,评价手术效果,术后生存情况并分析生存影响因素。结果128例患者均成功完成腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术,淋巴结的清除量是（22.34±2.42）枚,术中出血量为（203.24±23.56）ml,需术中输血的患者为6.25%（8/128）,术后体温恢复至正常时间为（3.04±0.45）d,术后肛门排气时间为（2.13±0.24）d,术后平均住院时间为（12.23±2.42）d,术后尿管留置时间为（14.21±0.42）d。围手术期并发症的发生率为4.69%（6/128）,术后并发症的发生率为40.63%（52/128）。术后2年的病死率为6.25%（8/128）。临床分期（OR=3.164,95%CI：1.762~5.682）、肌层浸润（OR=1352,95%CI：1.063~1.720）、盆腔淋巴结（OR=2.473,95%CI：1.034~5.915）、脉管癌栓（OR=3.245,95%CI：1.267~8.311）是影响预后的独立危险因素。分化程度（OR=0.341,95%CI：0.172~0.676）是预后的保护因素。结论宫颈癌腹腔镜根治术为安全有效的手术方式,临床分期、肌层浸润、盆腔淋巴结、分化程度、脉管癌栓是腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术后患者预后的影响因素。     

宫颈癌患者凝血功能检测的临床意义

目的:探讨检测血浆中凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶时间(TT)、D-二聚体(D-dimer,D-D)的水平变化在宫颈癌疾病所致出血的病因分析、疾病诊断、病情评估及预后的意义。方法:选择入院确诊为宫颈癌的患者80例,宫颈癌化疗后病例80例,本院同期健康体检者80例。测定血浆中PT、APTT、FIB、TT、D-二聚体水平并进行比较。结果:宫颈癌组化疗后与宫颈癌组、健康组比较,PT、APTT、FIB及D-二聚体值增高(均P<0.05);宫颈癌化疗后PT、APTT、FIB及D-二聚体与宫颈癌化疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),宫颈癌组与健康组比较APTT降低、FIB及D-二聚体值增高(均P<0.05),总体TT之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:宫颈癌患者血浆中PT、APTT、FIB、TT及D-二聚体水平的检测对于宫颈癌疾病所致出血的病因分析、疾病诊断、病情评估及预后有着重要意义。     

舒芬太尼在宫颈癌根治术中的应用效果

目的观察舒芬太尼在宫颈癌根治术中的应用效果。方法按照随机数字表法将75例接受宫颈癌根治术的宫颈癌患者随机分为芬太尼组35例和舒芬太尼组40例,观察并比较两组患者的应激指标[C反应蛋白(CRP)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质醇(Cor)、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素]和免疫功能指标(CD3^+、CD4^+)水平、麻醉效果、镇静效果以及术后不良反应发生情况。结果术后4 h,舒芬太尼组患者的Cor、CRP、ACTH水平均明显低于芬太尼组患者(P<0.01)。术后24 h,舒芬太尼组患者的CD3^+、CD4^+水平均明显高于芬太尼组患者,肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素水平均明显低于芬太尼组患者(P<0.01)。术后12 h,舒芬太尼组患者的VAS评分明显低于芬太尼组患者(P<0.01)。术后4、12 h,两组患者的Ramsay评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。术后,两组患者的不良反应发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论舒芬太尼在宫颈癌根治术中的应用效果较好,应激反应较小,镇痛效果好,对患者免疫功能的影响小,具有良好的临床应用价值。     

Utility of parametrectomy for early stage cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy

BACKGROUND: Removal of the parametrial soft tissue is recommended for patients with cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy. Parametrectomy results in significant morbidity. The objective of the study was to determine factors predictive of parametrial tumor spread and to define a subset of patients at low risk for parametrial disease. METHODS: Patients with invasive cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy from 1989-2005 were examined. Analysis was performed to determine factors associated with parametrial tumor spread. Survival estimates were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A total of 594 patients were identified. Parametrial metastases were documented in 64 (10.8%). Factors associated with parametrial disease were: histology, advanced grade, deep cervical invasion, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), large tumor size, advanced stage, uterine or vaginal involvement, and pelvic or para-aortic lymph node metastases (P < .0001 for each). Parametrial metastases were associated with increased risk of recurrence and decreased disease-free and overall survivals (P < .0001). A subgroup analysis was performed to identify patients at low risk for parametrial spread. In pelvic node-negative women parametrial disease was noted in 6.0% (30/498) compared with 47.9% (34 of 71) of those with positive pelvic nodes (P < .0001). If further stratified to women with negative nodes, no LVSI, and tumors < 2 cm, the incidence of parametrial disease was only 0.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Parametrial spread is a strong predictor of recurrence and decreased survival. Parametrial invasion is rare in patients with small tumors, no LVSI, and negative pelvic nodes (no poor prognostic factors). Further study is warranted to determine the feasibility of omitting parametrectomy in these low-risk patients.     

Intermediate-risk grouping of cervical cancer patients treated with radical hysterectomy: a Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group study

Background:

In this study, we sought to identify a criterion for the intermediate-risk grouping of patients with cervical cancer who exhibit any intermediate-risk factor after radical hysterectomy.

Methods:

In total, 2158 patients with pathologically proven stage IB–IIA cervical cancer with any intermediate-risk factor after radical hysterectomy were randomly assigned to two groups, a development group and a validation group, at a ratio of 3 : 1 (1620 patients:538 patients). To predict recurrence, multivariate models were developed using the development group. The ability of the models to discriminate between groups was validated using the log-rank test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results:

Four factors (histology, tumour size, deep stromal invasion (DSI), and lymphovascular space involvement (LVSI)) were significantly associated with disease recurrence and included in the models. Among the nine possible combinations of the four variables, models consisting of any two of the four intermediate-risk factors (tumour size ⩾3 cm, DSI of the outer third of the cervix, LVSI, and adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma histology) demonstrated the best performance for predicting recurrence.

Conclusion:

This study identified a ‘four-factor model'' in which the presence of any two factors may be useful for predicting recurrence in patients with cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy.     

瑞芬太尼对宫颈癌根治术应激反应的影响

目的:研究瑞芬太尼麻醉对宫颈癌根治术应激反应的影响.方法:60例宫颈癌根治术患者,随机分为两组:瑞芬太尼组(R组)30例和芬太尼组(F组)30例.R组:瑞芬太尼1ìg,继以0.2ìg/(kg穖in)静脉泵注.F组:芬太尼3ìg/kg,继以0.03ìg/(kg穖in)静脉泵注.记录术前、术中血压、心率变化,测定麻醉前、切皮后60min、切皮后120rain的血清肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、皮质醇、胰岛素和血糖水平.结果:两组切皮后60min、120min的血清肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、皮质醇水平均高于术前(P＜0.05),切皮后60min、切皮后120rain的肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、皮质醇和血糖水平R组高于F组(P＜0.05).R组血糖浓度在切皮后60 min和120 min与术前相比无明显变化(P＞0.05),F组血糖浓度在切皮后60min和120min与术前比较均明显增高(P＜0.05).结论:瑞芬太尼能够减轻宫颈癌根治术时应激反应所导致的肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、皮质醇和血糖水平增高.