EGFR基因突变与EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂近期疗效的关系

背景与目的 多项研究证实表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变与EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI)的疗效存在相关性.本研究应用荧光定量PCR技术检测晚期肺癌的EGFR基因突变,分析其与EGFR TKI药物Gefitinib二线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(nonsmall cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的近期疗效之间的关系.方法 从63例血浆和胸腔积液标本(其中血浆53例,胸腔积液10例)中提取游离DNA,应用荧光定量PCR技术进行EGFR 18、19、21外显子基因的检测,并结合临床进行分析.结果 在63例血浆和胸腔积液标本中检测到EGFR基因突变17例,突变率为27.0%.EGFR基因突变主要见于女性及非吸烟人群(P＜0.05).存在EGFR基因突变的患者Gefitinib二线治疗的疗效明显优于野生型患者(P＜0.01).结论 晚期NSCLC患者的血浆、胸腔积液游离DNA中存在EGFR基因突变,这类突变可以通过荧光定量PCR技术检测出来.EGFR基因突变患者对Gefitinib的反应率明显高于野生型患者,检测胸腔积液和/或血浆EGFR基因突变有助于选择有效患者接受EGFR TKI治疗.     

非小细胞肺癌患者血清EGFR基因突变循环DNA检测的临床研究

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌患者血清EGFR基因突变循环DNA检测的临床意义。方法:选取2011年1月-2014年5月于我院接受治疗的124例非小细胞肺癌患者为研究对象,收集血清及组织标本DNA,检测DNA EGFR基因突变情况。结果:124例非小细胞肺癌患者血清EGFR基因检测结果显示:19号外显子突变11例,21号外显子突变8例,血清总检出19例,检出率为15.3%。组织样本中EGFR基因检测结果显示:19号外显子突变27例,21号外显子突变13例,血清总检出40例,检出率为32.3%。在组织样本中,79例男性EGFR基因突变检出14例,比例为17.7%;45例女性EGFR基因突变检出26例,比例为57.8%,相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。76例吸烟史患者检出突变16例,比例为21.1%;48例无吸烟史者检出突变24例,比例为50.0%,两者相比差异显著(P<0.05)。血清样本检测中结果与组织样本基本吻合,在性别和吸烟史方面患者基因突变有显著性差异(P<0.05),在癌症分期及类型方面无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:非小细胞肺癌患者血清循环DNA检测EGFR基因突变与肿瘤组织检测具有高度的一致性,这对肺癌患者的诊断、筛查和治疗有着重要的意义,为临床检测提供方便、有效的诊断方法。     

非小细胞肺癌中表皮生长因子受体基因突变ADx-ARMS分析及其与临床病理特征的相关性

目的:回顾性分析非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中采用ADx-ARMS法检测的表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的基因突变率、突变分布特征及其与临床病理特征的相关性。方法:收集NSCLC标本共139例,其中包括手术切除样本 83 例、穿刺活检样本27 例、胸腔积液样本 18例及血液样本11例。所有样本均采用ADx-ARMS法检测EGFR基因酪氨酸激酶编码区第19至21号外显子的突变。 结果:在139例NSCLC标本中共检测出EGFR基因突变53例,突变率为38.1%;第19至21号外显子的突变率分别为43.4%(23/53)、0(0/53) 和56.6%(30/53);年龄大于等于中位年龄(60岁)与小于中位年龄的患者EGFR基因突变率分别为35.6%(26/73) 和40.9%(27/66),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);女性患者中EGFR基因突变率(49.0%,25/51) 高于男性患者基因突变率(31.8%,28/88,P<0.05);腺癌中的基因突变率(41.8%,46/110)显著高于鳞癌(15.0%,3/20,P<0.01),而与未能分型的患者(37.5%,3/8)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在手术切除、穿刺活检、胸腔积液以及血液样本中EGFR基因突变检出率分别为42.2%(35/83)、37.0%(10/27)、38.9%(7/18)和9.1%(1/11)。 结论:ADx-ARMS法是检测NSCLC中EGFR基因突变的快速有效方法,但不能检测未知突变类型。EGFR基因的总突变率与年龄无显著相关性;EGFR基因突变在女性和腺癌中多见;EGFR基因突变检出率与样本类型密切相关,对无法取得切除样本的患者,穿刺活检及胸腔积液样本是检测EGFR基因突变的有效样本。     

ADx-ARMS方法检测晚期非小细胞肺癌患者胸水标本癌细胞基因突变的临床意义

目的:探讨应用ADx-ARMS方法检测非小细胞肺癌患者胸水标本癌细胞基因突变应用于指导小分子EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR-TKIs）治疗的可行性与临床意义。方法:ADx-ARMS检测24例非小细胞肺癌患者胸水标本EGFR基因第19、20和21外显子突变与KRAS基因第2外显子突变。统计分析胸水标本与前期检测过的非小细胞肺癌组织中的EGFR、KRAS突变率差异。结果:24例胸水标本中,EGFR突变与KRAS突变分别为14例（58.3%）和1例（4.2%）。前期检测过的非小细胞肺癌组织EGFR和KRAS突变率分别为47.6%和4.5%。EGFR和KRAS突变率在胸水标本与前期肺癌组织中差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:对失去手术机会而难以获得组织标本的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,可应用ADx-ARMS方法选择胸水标本筛查EGFR、KRAS基因突变,从而指导EGFR-TKIs的临床应用。     

EGFR突变与肺癌伴恶性胸腔积液患者生物学行为的相关性研究

目的 探讨表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变与肺癌伴恶性胸腔积液患者生物学行为之间的关系.方法 选取肺癌患者100例,其中伴恶性胸腔积液者43例作为观察组,不伴胸腔积液者57例作为对照组,观察两组患者EGFR基因突变情况.结果 观察组EGFR总突变率为72.09%,高于对照组的19.30%(P﹤0.05);观察组高分化、中分化和低分化患者的EGFR突变率分别为69.23%、71.43%和77.78%,均高于对照组高分化、中分化和低分化患者(P﹤0.05);不同性别、年龄、吸烟情况及分化程度的观察组患者EGFR基因突变率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);胸腔积液与活检组织标本EGFR基因检测结果的Kappa值为0.466(P﹤0.05),一致性中等.结论 肺癌伴恶性胸腔积液患者EGFR突变率较高,但EGFR突变与肺癌伴恶性胸腔积液患者的性别、年龄、吸烟情况及分化程度无关.     

高分辨率熔解曲线分析技术检测血清游离DNA的EGFR基因突变

目的利用高分辨率熔解曲线分析技术(high resolution melting,HRM)检测石蜡包埋组织和血清游离DNA的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)基因突变,分析两者之间的关系,并探讨其临床应用价值。方法利用HRM技术检测EGFR基因突变的方法,检测200例非小细胞肺癌患者石蜡包埋标本和200例相应的血清游离DNA,并将二者结果进行比较分析。结果HRM法检测非小细胞肺癌患者石蜡包埋组织DNA的EGFR基因突变总检出率为43.5%,血清游离DNA的EGFR基因突变总检出率为25.0%,HRM法检测血清游离DNA的EGFR基因突变与检测石蜡包埋组织DNA的EGFR基因突变相比,敏感性为57.5%,特异性为100%。结论 HRM法检测血清游离DNA的EGFR基因突变为无法获取肿瘤组织标本的患者提供了新的检测机会。     

超声引导粗针活检在非小细胞肺癌诊断及EGFR基因突变检测中的应用

目的:探讨超声引导下粗针活检在周围型非小细胞肺癌的诊断及EGFR基因突变检测中应用价值.方法:31例周围型非小细胞肺癌患者行超声引导下肺肿块粗针活检术,活检小标本行病理学检测及PCR法EGFR基因突变分析.结果:31例非小细胞肺癌活检小标本取材满意率100％,穿刺定性诊断符合率100％,EGFR基因检出率100％,并发症发生率3.2％.病理结果:腺癌25例、鳞癌2例、腺鳞癌3例、肉瘤样癌1例.31例非小细胞肺癌活检小标本中,检测到EGFR基因突变11例,阳性率35.5％.其中5例为第19外显子框内多核苷酸缺失,5例为第21外显子L858R突变,1例为联合突变L861Q/G719X(第18外显子G719X突变和第21外显子L861Q突变).结论:超声引导下肺肿块粗针活检术简便、安全、有效,能明确周围型非小细胞肺癌的诊断,是非小细胞肺癌获得肿瘤组织检测EGFR基因突变的可靠方法.     

非小细胞肺癌患者K-RAS基因突变的研究

背景与目的 最近研究显示存在K-RAS基因突变的非小细胞肺癌患者难以从辅助化疗中获益,并且对表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase Inhibitors,TKIs)耐药.这些发现提示K-RAS基因突变情况可作为EGFR TKIs疗效的预测指标.本研究中分析了中山大学肿瘤防治中心非小细胞肺癌患者肺癌组织中K-RAS基因突变情况.方法 收集52例非小细胞肺癌患者的新鲜组织标本,采用PCR技术扩增K-RAS基因,然后进行DNA测序并进行相应分析.结果 在52例患者中,2例患者肿瘤组织中的K-RAS基因的12号密码子存在突变(2/52,3.8%).统计学分析未发现K-RAS基因突变与性别、病理类型、吸烟情况以及肿瘤分化程度和分期间存在相互关系.结论 非小细胞肺癌患者K-RAS基因突变率较低,与亚裔患者相近,而低于白种人患者.     

非小细胞肺癌患者血浆EGFR突变表达检测及其临床意义

目的：检测非小细胞肺癌患者血浆表皮生长因子受体（ EGFR）基因突变表达情况，探讨其临床意义。方法采用荧光定量PCR法检测90例非小细胞肺癌患者组织及血浆EGFR的基因突变表达情况，分析两者的一致性，并分析血浆EGFR与患者预后的关系。结果非小细胞肺癌患者的血浆与肿瘤组织中EGFR突变表达是一致的，血浆EGFR突变表达与非小细胞肺癌的病理类型、肿瘤大小及淋巴结转移有关，但血浆EGFR突变表达与非小细胞肺癌患者的疾病进展时间、生存时间无关。结论非小细胞肺癌患者血浆EGFR的检测有可能替代肿瘤组织中EGFR的检测，为无法取得肿瘤组织或取得肿瘤组织困难的患者提供一种更快捷、简便的替代检测方法，但血浆EGFR尚不能确立为独立的预后指标。     

非小细胞肺癌原发灶和转移灶EGFR和KRAS状态比较的meta分析

背景与目的非小细胞肺癌EGFR和KRAS基因状态对肺癌一线靶向治疗的选择尤为关键,而原发肿瘤和转移瘤之间可能存在不同的EGFR和KRAS基因状态.本研究旨在系统评价比较配对的原发肺癌灶和转移灶EGFR和KRAS基因状态以指导临床实践.方法通过Pubmed数据库检索所有符合检索条件的文献,末次检索日期2010年5月10日,根据纳入和排除标准进一步筛选.采用meta分析方法比对肺癌原发灶和转移灶中EGFR基因突变、扩增、EGFR蛋白表达和KRAS基因突变状态之间的差异.结果 14篇文献纳入meta分析,具有配对的原发灶和转移灶,598例vs 598例.原发灶中EGFR蛋白表达和KRAS基因的突变频率高于转移灶,RR分别为1.13(95%CI:0.98-1.31,P=0.09)和1.39(95%CI: 0.95-2.03,P=0.09).转移灶中EGFR的基因拷贝数高于原发灶,RR=0.74(95%CI:0.53-1.02,P=0.06).EGFR基因在原发灶和转移灶中的突变频率无统计学差异(P=0.31).原发灶和转移灶基因状态不一致率分别为:EGFR突变率为17.09%;EGFR扩增率为27.07%;EGFR蛋白表达率为27.84%;KRAS突变率为25.91%.结论肺癌原发灶和相应转移灶中EGFR基因突变较KRAS基因状态更为稳定,原发灶中KRAS基因突变更能反映肺癌周身癌灶KRAS基因特征,单独对转移灶做KRAS状态分析可能会引入更多抵抗EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗的患者.联合检测原发灶中EGFR和KRAS基因突变可作为肺癌靶向治疗的疗效预测指标.     

冀东满族肺腺癌患者胸液与相应肿瘤组织EGFR基因突变检测对比分析

目的:分析冀东满族肺腺癌患者胸液与相应肿瘤组织EGFR基因突变检测结果。方法:选取2010年9月至2014年9月间在我院胸外科治疗的74例有胸液的冀东满族肺腺癌患者为研究对象,采用变性高效液相色谱法(DHPLC)检测肺腺癌患者胸液及相应肿瘤组织样本中是否发生EGFR基因突变。结果:肿瘤组织EFGR基因突变检出率为50.00%,胸液样本EGFR基因突变检出率为52.70%,两者间无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。胸液上清、胸液沉淀、胸液上清与沉淀以及肿瘤组织EGFR基因检测结果一致性均良好。结论:肺腺癌患者胸液与相应肿瘤组织EGFR基因突变检测结果一致性良好,临床可通过胸液检测代替肿瘤组织检测,以期能够持续监测患者EGFR基因突变状态,以指导患者添加或者实施EGFR-TKIs治疗。     

High sensitivity detection of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in the pleural effusion of non-small cell lung cancer patients

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are a strong determinant of tumor response to gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We attempted to elucidate the feasibility of EGFR mutation detection in cells of pleural effusion fluid. We obtained 24 samples of pleural effusion fluid from NSCLC patients. The pleural effusion fluid was centrifuged, and the cellular components obtained were used for detection. EGFR mutation status was determined by a direct sequencing method (exons 18-21) and by the Scorpion Amplified Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) method. EGFR mutations were detected in eight cases. Three mutations were detected by both methods, and the other five mutations were detected by Scorpion ARMS alone. The mutations were detected by both methods in all four partial responders among the seven patients who received gefitinib therapy. Direct sequencing detected the mutations in only two of four cases with partial response. These results suggest that the DNA in pleural effusion fluid can be used to detect EGFR mutations. The Scorpion ARMS method appears to be more sensitive for detecting EGFR mutations than the direct sequencing method.     

High frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations with complex patterns in non-small cell lung cancers related to gefitinib responsiveness in Taiwan.

PURPOSE: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations related to gefitinib responsiveness in non-small cell lung cancer have been found recently. Detection of EGFR mutations has become an important issue for therapeutic decision-making in non-small cell lung cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Mutational analysis of the kinase domain of EGFR coding sequence was done on 101 fresh frozen tumor tissues from patients without prior gefitinib treatment and 16 paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from patients treated with gefitinib. Detection of phosphorylated EGFR by immunoblot was also done on frozen tumor tissues. RESULTS: The 101 non-small cell lung cancer tumor specimens include 69 adenocarcinomas, 24 squamous cell carcinomas, and 8 other types of non-small cell lung cancers. Mutation(s) in the kinase domain (exon 18 to exon 21) of the EGFR gene were identified in 39 patients. All of the mutations occurred in adenocarcinoma, except one that was in an adenosquamous carcinoma. The mutation rate in adenocarcinoma was 55% (38 of 69). For the 16 patients treated with gefitinib, 7 of the 9 responders had EGFR mutations, and only 1 of the 7 nonresponders had mutations, which included a nonsense mutation. The mutations seem to be complex in that altogether 23 different mutations were observed, and 9 tumors carried 2 mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Data from our study would predict a higher gefitinib response rate in lung adenocarcinoma patients in Chinese and, possibly, other East Asian populations. The tight association with adenocarcinoma and the high frequency of mutations raise the possibility that EGFR mutations play an important role in the tumorigenesis of adenocarcinoma of lung, especially in East Asians.     

联合检测EGFR、CEA对恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的:评价联合检测胸腔积液患者的胸水细胞块表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）基因拷贝数,以及胸水、血清CEA水平对良恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断的价值。方法:应用荧光原位杂交技术（Fish法）检测恶性胸腔积液（n=35）、良性胸腔积液（n=30)组患者胸水细胞块EGFR基因拷贝数水平。采用电化学发光全自动生化分析仪检测胸水及血清中CEA水平,根据受试者工作特性曲线（ROC）选取最佳灵敏性和特异性的点作为临界值,评价CEA及联合检测EGFR基因拷贝数对良恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值。结果:35例恶性胸腔积液完成Fish检测。恶性胸腔积液中15例阴性,20例阳性,阳性率为57.1％。其中13例为EGFR基因高度多体性,7例为EGFR基因扩增。肺腺癌16例中,EGFR基因高度多体性、扩增14例,肺腺癌扩增率为87.5％;肺鳞癌14例中,EGFR基因簇状扩增3例(21.4％),点状扩增3例(21.4％),无扩增8例(57.1％),肺鳞癌扩增率为42.9％。腺癌Fish阳性率(87.5％)高于鳞癌(42.9％）,P<0．01。30例良性胸腔积液中有1例脓胸患者EGFR Fish检测阳性,阳性率为3.3%,余检测结果均阴性。恶性胸腔积液患者胸水及血清CEA分别为（220.9±71.65）ng/ml、(18.11±11.38）ng/ml,显著高于良性胸腔积液组（2.31±1.29)ng/ml、(1.67±1.06）ng/ml,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。其中,恶性胸腔积液胸水CEA明显高于血清CEA,而良性胸腔积液组中,胸水CEA与血清CEA无明显差异。肺腺癌所致胸水及血清CEA分别为（441.02±102.65)ng/ml、(32.87±28.66）ng/ml,鳞癌所致胸水及血清CEA分别为（28.75±21.39）ng/ml、（5.99±5.32）ng/ml,腺癌显著高于鳞癌,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。比较胸水EGFR、CEA对良恶性胸腔积液诊断的效能,两者之间无明显差异（P=0.453＞0.05）。Spearman相关性分析胸水EGFR同CEA之间存在显著正相关。结论:EGFR在恶性胸腔积液的形成中起重要作用,通过Fish技术检测胸水细胞块EGFR基因拷贝数可行,其敏感性为57.1%。对肺腺癌导致恶性胸腔积液的诊断敏感性为87.5%。CEA（临界值5.0ng/ml）在恶性胸腔积液及血清中显著高于良性,其中胸水CEA检测诊断敏感性为65.7%,而在腺癌中为87.5%,其在胸水及血清中的比值＞1.5有助于恶性胸腔积液的诊断。EGFR基因突变阳性与肿瘤标记物CEA阳性表达呈正相关,尤见于肺腺癌患者,两者联合检测可提高诊断性试验的准确性。     

Direct serum and tissue assay for EGFR mutation in non-small cell lung cancer by high-resolution melting analysis

Biological therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have noted promising outcomes for patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), especially those with mutated EGFR. Tissue EGFR gene mutation testing can predict the benefit of taking a first-line EGFR-TKI, thus, allowing the physician to prescribe the most suitable therapy. Unfortunately, most lung cancer patients, especially NSCLC patients present with advanced disease that is surgically unresectable. The goal of this study was to develop high-resolution melting (HRM) assays to detect EGFR mutations in exons 18 to 21, compare their sensitivity and concordance to direct sequencing, and evaluate the feasibility and reliability of serum as a tissue alternate for routine EGFR mutation screening. EGFR mutations of 126 Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE), 47 fresh frozen tissues and from 47 matched pre-operation serum specimens of NSCLC patients were screened by the HRM assays. EGFR mutations by HRM were confirmed through sequencing. We found 78 EGFR mutations in 70 FFPE tissues, 25 EGFR mutations in 24 fresh frozen tissues, with a mutation rate of 55.56% (70/126) and 51.06% (24/47), respectively. Most mutations were correctly identified by sequencing. EGFR mutations were detected in 22 serum samples from 24 tissue EGFR mutation-positive patients. The concordance rate between serum and tissue in EGFR mutation screening was 91.67%. We conclude that the HRM assay can provide convincing and valuable results both for serum and tissues samples, thus, it is suitable for routine serum EGFR mutation screening for NSCLC patients, especially those surgically unresectable.     

Are there any ethnic differences in molecular predictors of erlotinib efficacy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer?

PURPOSE: This study investigated possible molecular predictors of outcome in Korean patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with erlotinib. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: One hundred and twenty patients received erlotinib and were followed prospectively. Ninety-two tissue samples were analyzed for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations (exons 18, 19, and 21), 88 for EGFR gene amplification by real-time PCR, and 75 for EGFR protein expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The overall tumor response rate was 24.2% (complete response, 4; partial response, 25) with 56.7% of disease control rate. With a median follow-up of 23.6 months, the median time to progression (TTP) was 2.7 months and the median overall survival was 12.9 months. EGFR gene mutations were found in 26.1% (24 of 92), EGFR gene amplification in 40.9% (36 of 88), and EGFR protein expression in 72% (54 of 75). There was a strong association between EGFR gene mutations and gene amplification (gamma = 0.241). Patients with EGFR gene mutations or gene amplification showed both better response rate (58.3% versus 16.2%, P < 0.001; 41.7% versus 17.3%, P = 0.012) and TTP (8.6 versus 2.5 months, P = 0.003; 5.8 versus 1.8 months, P < 0.001) and overall survival (not reached versus 10.8 months, P = 0.023; not reached versus 10.1 months, P = 0.033). By multivariate analysis, EGFR gene mutation was the only significant molecular predictor for TTP (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that EGFR gene mutation is a more predictive marker for improved TTP than EGFR gene amplification in erlotinib-treated Korean non-small cell lung cancer patients. Prospective studies from diverse ethnic backgrounds are required to determine the exact role of these molecular markers.     

实时荧光定量PCR检测非小细胞肺癌患者外周血和肿瘤组织表皮生长因子受体突变的研究

目的应用实时荧光定量一PCR(FQ-PCR)对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者外周血和肿瘤组织表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变进行检测,并分析该方法对肿瘤组织和外周血EGFR突变的一致性.方法采用FQ-PCR检测112例NSCLC外周血和87例NSCLC组织EGFR突变,对其中45例外周血和肿瘤组织进行配对检测,并研究分...