腹腔镜改良Soave先天性巨结肠根治术后排便功能评价

目的:随访调查腹腔镜改良Soave先天性巨结肠根治术后的排便功能。方法:2000年6月~2005年12月行改良Soave根治术87例,年龄为17d至5岁。术后定期随访49例年龄在3岁以上的患儿,随访时间为6个月至5年,平均38·4个月。评价患儿的排便控制能力、有无污粪及便秘、小肠结肠炎的发生情况。结果:根据中国医科大学提出的临床评分标准,排便功能优者(6~5分)38例,良(4~3分)9例,劣(2~0分)2例,3例患儿有持续性便秘,3例患儿曾患小肠结肠炎。结论:腹腔镜改良Soave巨结肠根治术治疗新生儿及婴幼儿先天性巨结肠,术后可获得良好的排便功能。     

腹腔镜Soave根治术治疗新生儿及小婴儿巨结肠

目的 介绍腹腔镜Soave根治术治疗新生儿及小婴儿巨结肠的初步经验。方法 应用腹腔镜行Soave根治术治疗新生儿及小婴儿巨结肠患儿10例，手术年龄13～70天。体重2．5～4．2公斤。术中建立人工CO2气腹，腹部置3个套管至腹腔。在腹腔镜直视下分离病变的乙状结肠及近端直肠系膜至盆底。手术转至会阴部，牵引线牵开肛门，于齿状线上1cm环行切开直肠粘膜，下拖并向上分离直肠粘膜约4～5cm约达腹内直肠游离处，肛门处环行切开翻转脱出直肠肌鞘，将病变肠段经直肠肌鞘内拖出肛门切除，近端结肠切缘与直肠粘膜齿状线上切缘吻合。另选10例应用消化道吻合器常规开腹行改良Ikeda根治术的年龄匹配的患儿作为对照组，与腹腔镜手术组进行比较。结果 两组手术时间无差别。腹腔镜组较对照组术后禁食时间短，开始进食时间早(1：4．5天)。应用抗生素时间及输液时间均短(分别为3：5天；3．5：6．3天)。平均术后出院时间：腹腔镜组为7．3天，对照组为10．6天。结论 腹腔镜Soave根治术较常规开腹根治术手术打击小，术后患儿恢复快。新生儿及小婴儿巨结肠采用此方法是安全可行的，也是可推荐的。     

腹腔镜下改良Soave巨结肠根治术的临床疗效分析

目的:对比分析腹腔镜下改良Soave巨结肠根治术与Ikeda术治疗婴幼儿先天性巨结肠症的临床疗效。方法:为60例先天性巨结肠症患儿分别行腹腔镜下改良Soave巨结肠根治术与传统Ikeda术,对比两组患儿术前及术后4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2),术后疼痛评分,切口愈合情况,采用Kelly评分标准观察中远期手术效果。结果:两组手术均获成功,腹腔镜组术后各时点MAP、HR和疼痛评分均低于Ikeda组,且术后切口愈合良好,并发症少。结论:腹腔镜下改良Soave巨结肠根治术具有患儿创伤轻、疤痕小、术后康复快、并发症少等优点,安全可靠,充分体现了微创手术的优越性,值得推广应用。     

经一期造瘘口行单孔腹腔镜辅助Soave巨结肠根治术的应用体会

目的:探讨先天性巨结肠一期造瘘术后经造瘘口行单孔腹腔镜辅助Soave巨结肠根治术的安全性及可行性。方法:回顾分析2017年2月至2020年4月为7例新生儿期诊断为先天性巨结肠并行结肠造瘘的患儿经造瘘口行单孔腹腔镜辅助Soave巨结肠根治术的临床资料。7例患儿中男5例,女2例,年龄平均(5.7±1.4)个月。结果:患儿均成功完成单孔腹腔镜辅助Soave巨结肠根治术,无一例中转开腹。手术时间平均(165.7±17.2)min,术中出血量平均(20.7±4.5)mL,术后平均住院(7.2±1.0)d,术后均未发生腹腔感染、吻合口漏、肠梗阻、结肠回缩等并发症。结论:先天性巨结肠一期造瘘术后经造瘘口行单孔腹腔镜辅助Soave巨结肠根治术安全、可行。     

两种巨结肠根治术后肛门功能与直肠肛管测压的研究

目的探讨改良Swenson巨结肠根治术和经肛门Soave巨结肠根治术术后患儿排便控制及直肠肛管测压改变情况。方法回顾33例改良Swenson巨结肠根治术和20例经肛门Soave巨结肠根治术患儿,术后平均随访4年(3个月～8.5年),对患儿大便控制能力、便秘发生情况及肛门直肠测压结果进行比较。结果改良Swenson术组术后排便控制情况与经肛门Soave术组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肛门直肠测压检查:直肠肛管抑制反射恢复率改良Swenson术组较经肛门Soave术高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。直肠静息压、感觉阈值和最大直肠耐受容量两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经肛门Soave巨结肠根治术治疗小儿巨结肠,具有创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快、无肠粘连等优点且术后可获得同样好的排便控制功能。     

腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠(附73例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾分析2002~2010年应用腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗73例新生儿先天性巨结肠的临床资料。结果:73例手术均获成功,患儿腹胀、便秘等临床症状消失,大便每天5~19次,腹部切口均愈合良好。术后小肠结肠炎6例,肛周皮炎23例,污粪5例,无复发、肠粘连、吻合口瘘、结肠回缩等并发症发生。术后随访,随小儿年龄增长,大便次数逐渐减少,术后3个月大便呈糊状,6~12个月后大便接近正常,排便功能优良率98%。结论:腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠具有患儿创伤小、操作简单、安全、有效、并发症少等优点,特别是对长段型巨结肠、全结肠型巨结肠优势明显。     

先天性巨结肠症腹腔镜Soave改良根治术的体会

目的:总结腹腔镜Soave改良根治术治疗新生儿及小婴儿先天性巨结肠症的临床经验。方法:为患儿施行腹腔镜Soave改良巨结肠根治术。结果:全组无中转开腹病例,平均手术时间125m in。患儿均在术后第1天开始喂水,术后应用抗生素2~5d,平均3d。输液3~5d,平均4d,腹部小戳孔,愈合好,无感染,术后6~10d出院,平均7d。近期随访效果良好。结论:腹腔镜手术后患儿进食早,输液及抗生素应用时间短,住院时间短,创伤小,康复快,腹部疤痕小,外观美观,与开腹手术相比有一定的优越性,新生儿及小婴儿同样适用。     

腹腔镜辅助下儿童巨结肠根治术

目的 介绍腹腔镜辅助下改良Soave‘s术治疗儿童先天性巨结肠。方法 2000年7月－2001年7月，应用腹腔镜为10例儿童先天性巨结肠作改良Soave‘s术。患儿年龄2个月至10岁，体重3．7－39kg。结果 8例经腹腔镜顺利完成手术，术中出血少、愈合后疤痕不明显。术后4天进食，7例7天出院，1例12天出院。7例术后自解大便，无吻合口狭窄，1例仍有便秘，扩肛中，另2例分别因肥胖和病变段过长手术失败而中转开腹。结论 腹腔镜可完成儿童巨结肠根治术的腹腔部分操作，创伤小、恢复快、 疤痕不明显。但有一定适应证。     

改良Soave术治疗新生儿和婴儿先天性巨结肠

目的评价经肛门改良Soave术式治疗新生儿和婴儿先天性巨结肠的手术效果。方法 17例经组织学确诊为短段型及部分常见型先天性巨结肠患儿行经肛门改良Soave巨结肠根治术。在直肠后壁齿状线上1cm、直肠前壁齿状线上2～3 cm呈斜面切开直肠黏膜,向近端游离直肠黏膜管进入腹腔,切除腹膜外直肠肌鞘达肛提肌水平,残留肌鞘后壁做“V”形切除,游离近端结肠,拖出正常结肠与肛门斜行吻合。结果本组平均手术时间(160±45)min,术中平均出血(45±35)ml, 无术中并发症。术后未发现小肠结肠炎、吻合口漏、肛周感染及吻合口狭窄等并发症。随访4个月- 3年,所有患儿排便成形,无便秘、无污粪。结论经肛门改良Soave术式治疗新生儿和婴儿先天性巨结肠安全有效。     

免气腹腹腔镜新生儿巨结肠根治术的临床体会

目的:总结免气腹腹腔镜新生儿巨结肠根治术的应用优势。方法:回顾分析2005年至今为41例新生儿行巨结肠根治术的临床资料,患者根椐手术方式分为3组,2005年7月至2008年12月12例行单纯经肛门Soave术(单纯组),2009年1月至2011年2月行气腹腹腔镜辅助下经肛门Soave术16例(气腹组),2011年3月至今行免气腹腹腔镜辅助下经肛门Soave术13例(免气腹组),对比分析3组手术结果。结果:腹腔镜手术均获成功,无一例中转开腹。单纯组中4例加用腹腔镜辅助完成手术。3组患儿术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、住院时间差异无统计学意义,无一例发生吻合口漏。单纯组手术时间明显长于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);单纯组、免气腹组拔管时间明显短于气腹组,术后患儿清醒快,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单纯组、免气腹组患儿血液动力学指标在不同时段有波动,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。气腹组患儿术中、术后血液动力学指标波动较明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患儿均于术后第20天开始扩肛,每天一次,连续3个月,无一例发生肛门狭窄。术后随访4～28个月,气腹组与免气腹组患儿于术后4～6个月肛门排便基本正常;术后24个月,单纯组中尚有3例患儿有污粪现象。结论:免气腹腹腔镜辅助新生儿巨结肠根治术安全可行、操作简便、微创美容、经济实用,避免了腹内高压对血流动力学参数的影响,值得临床推广。     

经肛门I期先天性巨结肠根治术临床观察

目的 探讨经肛门I期先天性巨结肠根治术的治疗方法和临床效果。方法 对12例已证实为短段型或普通型先天性巨结肠患儿行经肛门I期先天性巨结肠根治术。年龄3月至5岁，平均1．8岁。结果 全组手术顺利，无死亡。术后1周左右出院，随访半年，术后有1例出现轻度排便困难，经保守治疗痊愈。有3例出现不同程度的污粪，3-6月后痊愈。无严重并发症，生长发育良好。结论 经肛门I期巨结肠根治术适用于患短段型或普通型先天性巨结肠症的婴幼儿，手术创伤小，不需开腹，合并症少、手术时间短，效果满意。     

Laparotomic versus laparoscopic Duhamel pull-through for Hirschsprung disease in infants and children

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the results from laparotomic and laparoscopic Duhamel pull-through in the treatment of Hirschsprung disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our department, the Duhamel pull-through technique was adopted in most patients and the laparoscopic technique used since 1999 follows the original Duhamel procedure. Patients were identified retrospectively and followed up in our outpatient clinic. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Between January 1992 and March 1999, 21 children with Hirschsprung disease underwent primary surgical correction using the classic open Duhamel pull-through. The mean age at operation was 14 months, the median operating time was 297 minutes, and the average postoperative stay was 10 days. From April 1999 to December 2003, 22 children underwent laparoscopic Duhamel pull-through. The mean age at operation was 14.6 months, the mean operative time was 253 minutes, and the mean postoperative stay was 6.8 days. The rates of early (4.7% vs. 4.7%) and late (19% vs. 23.8%) complications were similar in the two groups, but in the laparoscopic group the mean operative time and postoperative hospital stay were lower. CONCLUSION: With these encouraging results, laparoscopic Duhamel pull-through has become our procedure of choice in the surgical management of Hirschsprung's disease.     

保留扩张而不肥厚结肠的腹腔镜辅助小儿先天性巨结肠根治术

目的探讨保留扩张而不肥厚结肠的腹腔镜辅助下小儿先天性巨结肠根治术的疗效。方法 2006年5月～2008年11月15例先天性巨结肠小儿接受腹腔镜手术治疗,其中常见型13例,短段型2例。脐部、右上腹和右下腹各切口置5mmtrocar,腹腔镜辅助下用腔镜器械,腹腔内游离病变结肠,保留扩张而不肥厚结肠,然后经直肠将病变结肠拖出肛门外切除,将近端扩张而不肥厚的结肠断端与齿状线上直肠黏膜切缘处吻合。结果 15例患儿均经腹腔镜顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。手术时间100～180min,平均130.4min;术中出血量20～50ml。术后1～2d排气,术后第3天进食,7～9d出院。切除结肠组织病理诊断显示扩张但不肥厚或轻度肥厚的结肠含正常神经节细胞。15例随访6～12个月,平均9.5月,患儿6个月后每日大便1～2次,无便秘复发、污粪、狭窄,12例术后3～6个月复查钡灌肠显示扩张的肠管恢复正常。结论腹腔镜辅助下保留扩张但不肥厚或扩张伴轻度肥厚结肠的巨结肠根治术创伤小,安全、有效、可行。     

腹腔镜辅助下改良Swenson治疗婴幼儿巨结肠

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下改良Swenson治疗婴幼儿巨结肠的可行性和有效性。方法应用腹腔镜辅助下改良Swenson法治疗婴幼儿先天性巨结肠13例,采用三孔或四孔腹腔镜法,设定CO2压力为8~10mmHg,取结肠浆肌层组织做病理诊断,Ligasure离断直肠及乙状结肠系膜,远端分离至齿状线上0.5~1.0cm,将病变狭窄段、移行段扩张肠管经直肠肛门内翻拖出切除,结肠直肠全层前高后低心形斜吻合,3例采用强生直径21mm吻合器。结果13例均在腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,手术时间85~161min,平均115min。出血量<12ml。均无术中并发症。术后3例小肠结肠炎,1例污粪,1例吻合口漏,经治疗后治愈。13例随访6~42个月,平均26个月,排便正常,无并发症发生。结论腹腔镜辅助下改良Swenson治疗婴幼儿巨结肠可行、有效。     

Primary pull-through with modified Duhamel technique: 1 institution's experience

Background/Purpose

Primary pull-through for Hirschsprung disease has been reported to give comparable surgical outcomes to staged operations with less morbidity. The aim of this study was to review the early experiences in our institution with the primary pull-through option.

Methods

Medical records of 50 consecutive patients with Hirschsprung disease who underwent a modified Duhamel pull-through operation from 2001 to 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. For analysis, cases were divided into 2 groups: primary pull-through (group I, 30 patients), and patients with a previously established colostomy who underwent a staged operation (group II, 20 patients). Comparisons were made regarding operating time, operative morbidity, and medium-term functional outcomes.

Results

There was no difference between the groups with respect to median age and weight at time of surgery, sex ratio, presenting symptoms, and extent of aganglionosis. Seventy-four percent of the procedures were performed on infants (group I, 21 [70%] of 30 patients; group II, 16 [80%] of 20 patients). Acute postoperative complications were experienced by 4 (13.3%) of 30 patients in group I and 4 (20%) of 20 patients in group II (P <.05). Postoperative enterocolitis occurred in 11 (36.7%) of 30 patients in group I and in 7 (41.2%) of 17 patients in group II.

Conclusions

Our experience indicates that the primary pull-through using a modified Duhamel technique gave neither difference in functional outcomes nor medium-term complications compared to a staged procedure. Considering a sparing of colostomy and a potential economic benefit, the procedure should be considered in selected patients.     

Surgical Management of Recto-Sigmoid Hirschsprung’s Disease

Introduction : Over the years, the surgical management of recto-sigmoid Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) has evolved radically and at present a single stage transanal pull-through can be done in suitable cases, which obviates the need for multiple surgeries.

Aim : The aim of this paper was to evaluate the role of transanal pull-through in the management of recto-sigmoid HD in our institution.

Material and Methods : A retrospective analysis (between January 2003 and December 2009) was carried out on all cases of Hirschsprung’s reporting to unity of pediatric surgery of Tunis Children’s Hospital that were managed by transanal pull-through as a definitive treatment. All selected patients including neonates had an aganglionic segment confined to the rectosigmoid area, confirmed by preoperative barium enema and postoperative histology. Twenty-six children (86%) had their operation done without construction of prior colostomy.

Results : Transanal pull-through was performed in 31 children. Mean operating time was 150 minutes (range 64 to 300 minutes). No patients required laparotomy because all patients including neonates had an aganglionic segment confined to the rectosigmoid area. Blood loss ranged between 20 to 56 ml without blood replacement. Since all children were given an epidural caudal block, the requirement of analgesia in these cases was minimal. Postoperative complications included perianal excoriation in 7 out of 31 patients lasting from 3 weeks to 6 months. Complete anorectal continence was noted in 21 of 31 (67%) children in follow up of 3–5 years.

Conclusions : Transanal endorectal pull-through procedure for the management of rectosigmoid HD is now a well-established and preferred approach. Parental satisfaction is immense due to the lack of scars on the abdomen. As regards the continence, a long-term follow-up is necessary to appreciate better the functional results of this surgery.     

Redo operations of Hirschsprung's disease

The purpose of this study was to specify the indications, applicability and final outcome of the redo definitive operations of Hirschsprung's disease. Between 1976-1993, 213 patients had undergone definitive operations of Hirschsprung's disease. In this series, 5 who required a redo pull-through operation were investigated. The redo pull-through operations were performed in 5 patients because of severe anastomotic stricture or total closure of the anastomotic site, recto-urethral fistula, anastomotic stricture, and enterocolitis due to anastomotic disruption. The initial definitive procedures were in 4 patients the Swenson operation and in one patient the Boley operation. As redo pull-through operations, the following were performed with success: in 3 patients, the Duhamel operation; and in 2 patients, the Swenson operation. The final outcome of the redo pull-through alterations were satisfactory and it can be suggested that one should not hesitate to perform a redo pull-through operation in selected Hirschsprung patients.     

成人先天性巨结肠症的诊断和外科治疗

目的 探讨成人先天性巨结肠症的诊断和外科治疗。方法 回顾性分析1985年5月至2005年5月收治的成人先天性巨结肠症10例患者的临床资料。结果 男性7例，女性3例。年龄14．40岁。10例均有便秘史，均经钡灌肠检查确诊，5例肛门直肠测压均未引出直肠肛门抑制反射。无神经节细胞段在乙状结肠远端和直肠2例，直肠7例，未明1例。手术方法：乙状结肠造口1例，Ikeda法6例，Rehbein法2例，改良Swenson法1例。根治手术后排便功能：优7例，良1例，差1例。结论 成人先天性巨结肠症的诊断主要依据便秘史、钡灌肠检查和／或肛门直肠测压。拖出型手术是有效的手术治疗方法，手术方式应个性化。