周期型马来丝虫CPI基因克隆和序列分析及编码产物B细胞表位预测

目的 克隆周期型马来丝虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(BmCPI)基因,并通过序列测定、分析及编码产物的B细胞表位预测,为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定基础.方法 从周期型马来丝虫虫体中抽提总RNA,以mRNA为模板,采用RT-PCR法体外扩增BmCPI基因,扩增产物经初步鉴定后将其克隆入pGEM-T载体,转化大肠埃希菌(E.coli)DH5α,筛选阳性克隆,进行双酶切及PCR扩增鉴定,获得阳性重组质粒pGEM-TBmCPI,经测序验证,并进行同源性比较.应用5种参数和方法对其编码产物进行B细胞表位预测.结果 RTPCR扩增出一条约621 bp大小的特异性条带,重组质粒双酶切的PCR结果与预期相符,DNA序列分析与GeneBank已知的基因序列同源性为99%.其编码产物经表位预测分析,B细胞表位可能在23～32、50～79、117～126位氨基酸区域.结论 成功构建了周期型马来丝虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂重组质粒pGEM-T克隆载体,并进行了序列测定及编码产物的B细胞表位预测,达到预期目标,为进一步研究该基因的功能提供条件.     

马来丝虫3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因的克隆、序列分析及编码产物B细胞表位预测

根据GenBank中马来丝虫3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因(BmG3PD基因)序列设计引物, 以马来丝虫mRNA为模板, RT-PCR扩增BmG3PD基因, 将其克隆入pGEM-T载体, 转化大肠埃希菌（E. coli）DH5α, 筛选阳性克隆。经EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切及PCR鉴定, 获得阳性重组质粒pGEM-BmG3PD, 经序列分析及同源性比较, 以及对其编码产物进行B细胞表位预测, 结果表明PCR扩增的特异性条带为1 020 bp, 与预期相符, 与GenBank已知基因序列同源性为99%。编码产物B细胞表位预测, 氨基酸区域可能在22～36、242～255、303～318和326～336位。     

细粒棘球绦虫EgA31重组蛋白的抗原表位分析预测

根据GenBank中细粒棘球绦虫EgA31序列(GenBank登录号为AF067807)设计引物,以细粒棘球绦虫mRNA为模板,RT-PCR扩增EgA31基因,将其克隆入pUCm-T载体,转化大肠埃希菌(E coli)DH5α,筛选阳性克隆,经BamH I、Sac I双酶切和PCR鉴定,获得阳性重组质粒pUCm-T/EgA31,并将测序正确的片段连接表达载体,成功构建重组质粒pET30a-EgA31。经序列分析和同源性比较,以及对其编码产物进行B细胞和T细胞表位分析,结果表明PCR扩增的特异条带为636 bp,与预期相符,与GenBank已知基因序列同源性为100%。编码产物B细胞和T细胞联合表位预测,氨基酸区域可能在32～79、79～95、105～124和141～154位。     

大鼠源卡氏肺孢子菌p55抗原基因克隆和序列分析

目的克隆大鼠源卡氏肺孢子菌55kDa抗原（p55）基因。方法取肺孢子菌病大鼠肺组织制备肺孢子菌DNA，并以此模板扩增p55基因，将PCR产物与pGEM—T载体连接．转化E．coli DH5a．在含氨苄青霉素（Amp）的LB培养基上筛选出重组子，提取质粒进行PCR扩增、酶切鉴定、序列测定及序列比较分析。结果p55基因体外扩增产物长度为l286bp，重组质粒经PCR及酶切鉴定结果表明获得正确重组子，测序结果与文献报道同源性为99．8％。结论成功扩增了p55基因，并插入克隆载体pGEM—T中。p55基因的克隆为进一步建立基因分型、疫苗等研究打下基础。     

T载体的构建及日本血吸虫肌动蛋白基因PCR产物的快速克隆

目的构建快速高效克隆PCR产物的克隆载体(T载体),并对日本血吸虫肌动蛋白全长编码基因PCR产物进行快速克隆.方法日本血吸虫肌蛋白全长编码基因的扩增采用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法.质粒pGEM5Zf ( )经限制性内切酶EcoR V 酶切,在仅含有脱氧胸苷三磷酸(dTTP)的PCR缓冲液中于70 ℃作用2 h,在每个片段的3'端加上一个脱氧胸苷(dT)碱基,构建成T载体.根据PCR扩增产物3'端存在一个非模板依赖的脱氧腺苷(dA)原理,将扩增产物直接克隆入T载体并测序.结果阳性克隆经琼脂糖凝胶电泳、限制性酶切分析、PCR及DNA序列测定等均证实克隆获得成功,且效率很高.与曼氏血吸虫肌动蛋白比较,核苷酸和推断的氨基酸的同源性分别是92.5%和99.7%.结论构建的pGEM5Zf-T载体对日本血吸虫肌动蛋白编码基因的PCR产物直接克隆既经济、简便,又快速、高效,所构建的T载体由于在插入位点两侧具有pUC/M13测序引物序列,可直接测定重组质粒中插入片段的核苷酸序列.所获得的日本血吸虫(大陆株)肌动蛋白编码基因与曼氏血吸虫有极高的同源性.     

周期型马来丝虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶基因原核和真核表达质粒的构建

目的构建我国流行的周期型马来丝虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶（BmCP）基因原核和真核表达质粒，为进一步研究奠定基础。方法从周期型马来丝虫虫体中提取总RNA，反转录成cDNA，设计合成引物，以eDNA为模板，通过PCR从eDNA中扩增出目的基因，扩增产物经初步鉴定后将其克隆入pMD18-T载体，进行双酶切及PCR扩增鉴定，获得阳性重组质粒，进行测序分析和同源性比较。阳性克隆的质粒亚克隆至真核表达质粒peDNA3．1（＋），转化感受态大肠埃希菌（E-coli）DH5α，筛选阳性克隆，用PCR和双酶切鉴定阳性重组子。结果RT—PCR扩增出1条约1201bp的特异性条带，重组质粒双酶切和以质粒为模板的PCR结果与预期相符．DNA序列分析与GenBank已知的基因序列同源性为99％。构建了真核重组表达质粒peDNA3．1-BmCP。结论成功构建了周期型BmCP原核和真核重组表达质粒，为进一步研究该基因的功能提供了条件。     

Mago nashi：—个日本血吸虫性别决定基因的发现与鉴定

目的运用免疫学方法筛选日本血吸虫(中国大陆株)童虫cDNA文库，寻找血吸虫新基因，并克隆和鉴定一个日本血吸虫决定性别的Mago nashi样蛋白基因。方法用混合的血吸虫感染者血清免疫学筛选日本血吸虫童虫eDNA文库，随机挑取阳性重组克隆进行测序，以获得血吸虫基因，并通过BLAST程序进行比较及同源性分析，根据分析结果设计合成引物，用PCR法扩增出日本血吸虫Mago nashi样蛋白基因(SiM)编码序列，将其克隆入pGEM—T载体和pBKCMV载体，用双酶切、以质粒为模板进行PCR扩增和测序进行鉴定。结果本研究共挑取7个阳性克隆，通过测序获得了5个有表达序列标签(Expressed Sequenee Tag.EST)价值的序列，并进行了同源性分析；用PCR法扩增出大小为441bp SjM开放阅读框，重组质粒pGEM—SiM和pBKCMV-SjM经双酶切均可获得一条为PCR产物一致的DNA片段。结论本实验获得了5个有EST价值的序列，并成功地克隆了其中SjM编码基因。     

周期型马来丝虫副肌球蛋白基因真核表达重组质粒构建

【提要】 提取周期型马来丝虫总RNA。跟据已知的马来丝虫副肌球蛋白（BmPmy）基因序列，设计合成引物，并引入HindⅢ和BamHⅠ酶切位点，应用RT?鄄PCR技术，扩增BmPmy基因片段，克隆至载体pGEM?鄄T中，经PCR和双酶切鉴定后，亚克隆至真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1（+），成功构建了真核表达载体pcDNA3.1（+）-BmPmy，并转染COS-7细胞后进行RT-PCR分析。转染的COS-7细胞高水平表达周期型马来丝虫副肌球蛋白mRNA，结果与预期相符。     

间日疟原虫乳酸脱氢酶编码区全长基因的克隆、序列分析及线性B细胞表位预测

目的克隆中国间日疟原虫乳酸脱氢酶(PvLDH)编码区全长基因,并对其进行生物信息学分析。方法自间日疟原虫抽提RNA,根据已知的PvLDH基因设计特异性引物,采用RT-PCR扩增PvLDH编码基因,将其克隆至pMD18-T载体,经PCR和双酶切鉴定后进行序列测定,利用生物信息学在线工具对序列进行分析并做B细胞表位预测。结果 PCR产物电泳结果显示所克隆的基因为951bp,基因测序结果与GenBank报道的基因序列有一个碱基差异,但编码氨基酸无差异。在线分析预测出12个B细胞表位,与恶性疟原虫乳酸脱氢酶预测表位对比分析,发现一个PvLDH特异性表位。结论成功克隆了我国间日疟原虫乳酸脱氢酶编码区全长基因,并预测出1个PvLDH特异性线性B细胞表位。     

Mago nashi:一个日本血吸虫性别决定基因的发现与鉴定

目的　运用免疫学方法筛选日本血吸虫 (中国大陆株 )童虫cDNA文库 ,寻找血吸虫新基因 ,并克隆和鉴定一个日本血吸虫决定性别的Magonashi样蛋白基因。方法　用混合的血吸虫感染者血清免疫学筛选日本血吸虫童虫cDNA文库 ,随机挑取阳性重组克隆进行测序 ,以获得血吸虫基因 ,并通过BLAST程序进行比较及同源性分析 ,根据分析结果设计合成引物 ,用PCR法扩增出日本血吸虫Magonashi样蛋白基因 (SiM)编码序列 ,将其克隆入pGEM T载体和 pBKCMV载体 ,用双酶切、以质粒为模板进行PCR扩增和测序进行鉴定。结果　本研究共挑取 7个阳性克隆 ,通过测序获得了 5个有表达序列标签(ExpressedSequenceTag .EST)价值的序列 ,并进行了同源性分析 ;用PCR法扩增出大小为 4 4 1bpSjM开放阅读框 ,重组质粒pGEM SjM和 pBKCMV SjM经双酶切均可获得一条为PCR产物一致的DNA片段。 结论　本实验获得了 5个有EST价值的序列 ,并成功地克隆了其中SjM编码基因。     

Control of intraabdominal hemorrhage and shock: a comparison of fluid resuscitation, MAST, and balloon occlusion

Our study examined the efficacy of four treatment modalities in controlling hemorrhage and achieving hemodynamic stabilization in hemorrhagic shock: intravenous fluid replacement (IV); military antishock trousers used concomitantly with fluids (MAST); balloon occlusion at the level of the diaphragm with concomitant fluid replacement (balloon); and a combination of MAST inflation, balloon occlusion, and fluid resuscitation (MAST and balloon). Twenty-eight mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and the spleen was exposed and completely crushed. The abdomen was closed, and treatment was initiated and continued for four hours or until the dog died. For all conditions the hematocrit dropped during the course of the experiment; balloon occlusion was effective at slowing this drop (P less than .0001), but MAST had no statistically significant effect. Animals with balloons bled more slowly into the abdominal cavity than did animals in the other two groups (P less than .0001). MAST also were effective at slowing the bleeding (P less than .05). Of the balloon and the MAST and balloon dogs, all except one survived the entire four hours; this difference between balloon and nonballoon dogs is significant (P = .002). MAST did not have a statistically significant effect on survival. Perfusion pressure (PP) declined during the course of the experiment, and the balloon was effective at slowing this decline (P less than .0001); none of the other comparisons was statistically significant.     

Use of fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies in the therapy of massive digoxin poisoning

A case of massive digoxin ingestion with multiple arrhythmias, consisting of high grade A-V block and ventricular ectopy not responsive to lidocaine, is described. The arrhythmias ceased following administration of digoxin-specific Fab fragments. The patient improved and was transferred to the psychiatric unit.     

Comparison of intravenous and oral routes of theophylline loading in acute asthma

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 19 patients with an acute exacerbation of asthma were given a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV (n = 10) or oral route (n = 9) of administration following treatment with epinephrine. Plasma concentrations of theophylline were measured prior to giving the loading dose, and one, two, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by analyzing spirometric measurements prior to giving the loading dose, and one, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Side effects also were recorded. In the IV group, the mean peak plasma theophylline concentration was 15.1 micrograms/mL one hour after loading, and in the oral group the mean peak serum theophylline concentration was 14.2 micrograms/mL three hours after loading. There was no correlation between theophylline concentrations and normalized change in spirometric values. There was no significant difference in spirometric values between the IV and oral groups. Nausea was slightly more common in the IV group. We conclude that there is no therapeutic advantage to giving a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV route rather than orally in patients with mild-to-moderate exacerbation of asthma initially treated with epinephrine.     

Application of Granular Biocomposites Based on Homogenised Peat for Absorption of Oil Products

Among the various methods for collecting oil spills and oil products, including from the water surface, one of the most effective is the use of sorbents. In this work, three-component bio-based composite granular adsorbents were produced and studied for oil products’ pollution collection. A bio-based binder made of peat, devulcanised crumb rubber from used tyres, and part fly ash as cenospheres were used for absorbent production. The structure, surface morphology, porosity, mechanical properties, and sorption kinetics of the obtained samples were studied. Composite hydrophobicity and sorption capacity to oil products, such as diesel fuel (DF) and motor oil (MO), were determined. The obtained pellets are characterised by a sufficiently pronounced ability to absorb oil products such as DF. As the amount of CR in the granules increases, the diesel absorption capacity increases significantly. The case of 30-70-0 is almost three times higher than the granules from homogenised peat. The increase in q is due to two factors: the pronounced surface hydrophobicity of the samples (Θ = 152°) and a heterogeneous porous granule structure. The presence of the cenosphere in the biocomposite reduces its surface hydrophobicity while increasing the diesel absorption capacity. Relatively rapid realisation of the maximum saturation by the MO was noted. In common, the designed absorbent shows up to 0.7 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for MO and up to 1.55 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for diesel. A possible mechanism of DF absorption and the limiting stages of the process approximated for different kinetic models are discussed. The Weber–Morris diffusion model is used to primarily distinguish the limiting effect of the external and internal diffusion of the adsorbate on the absorption process.     

Role of microRNA in regulation of myeloma-related angiogenesis and survival

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease caused by clonal proliferation of plasma cells that result in monoclonal gammopathy and severe end organ damage. Despite the uniform clinical signs, the disease is very diverse in terms of the nature and sequence of the underlying molecular events. Multiple cellular processes are involved in helping the malignant cells to remain viable and maintain proliferative properties in the hypoxic microenvironment of the bone marrow. Specifically, the process of angiogenesis, triggered by the interactions between the malignant MM cells and the stroma cells around them, was found to be critical for MM progression. In this review we highlight the current understanding about the epigenetic regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of MM cells and its dependency on angiogenesis in the bone marrow that is carried out by different microRNAs.     

RNA-Seq在老年神经退行性疾病研究中的应用

阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病是老年人最常见的两种神经退行性疾病,但其发病机制及治疗是研究的热点。随着高通量测序技术的进步及成本的下降,RNA-Seq也成为神经退行性疾病机制研究及生物标志物发现的有力手段。RNA-Seq相对于microarray具有高灵敏度、高准确性、高重复性以及噪声低等优势,在阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病研究中有较为广泛的应用,包括检测差异表达基因,可变剪接、新长链非编码RNA预测分析和miRNAs调控等,但是容易受病理复杂性及样本等因素影响。目前阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病转录组研究相比于癌症等还不够深入,在临床诊断及治疗应用还面临较大挑战。但是随着新技术及新方法的发展,RNA-Seq将进一步推动神经退行性相关疾病的研究和临床转化。     

安徽巢湖市丝虫病控制、消除历程和监测报告

【摘要】 目的  回顾并总结巢湖市丝虫病的流行、控制,以及消除丝虫病的历程。 方法  统计分析1970~1989年在该市采取以消灭传染源、切断传播途径为主的防治策略,以及展开大规模防治的各个阶段。 结果  1989年,采用分层整群抽样调查方法调查,微丝蚴率下降至0.032%,以行政村为单位,微丝蚴率已控制在1.0%以下,达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准;1991年,经省级调查考核,认定全市已达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准。1996年,省级审评确认已达到卫生部颁布的消灭丝虫病标准。经过10年的监测和跟踪治疗,到2005年,全市丝虫病病原学监测未查见微丝蚴阳性者,解剖镜检人房内淡色库蚊1 348只,蚊体内均未查见人体幼丝虫。 结论  巢湖市达到了消除丝虫病的标准。     

A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation

The role of the external and internal anal sphincters in the mechanism of anal continence is presented. The external sphincter induces continence by 1) preventing internal sphincter relaxation, what I have called the “voluntary inhibition action,” and 2) mechanical compression of the rectal neck and anal canal proper. The mechanism of both actions is described. The internal sphincter plays a significant role not only in involuntary, but also in voluntary, continence. The importance of this role in the correction of anal incontinence is clarified. “Stress defecation,” a condition which follows internal sphincter damage, is discussed. A “single loop continence” theory is presented, based on the fact that each of the three loops of the external sphincter has its own innervation, attachment, and direction of muscle bundles; each loop thus acts as a separate sphincter. The clinical application of this theory is presented.