人胰岛新生相关蛋白基因的克隆及在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的 在毕赤酵母中分泌表达具有生物学活性的重组人胰岛新生相关蛋白(rhINGAP),用于INGAP的生理功能研究和动物试验.方法 通过PCR扩增INGAP基因,插入到重组质粒α/pUC18的α因子信号序列的Xho Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ酶切位点处,再将融合基因αINGAP重组到表达质粒pPIC9K的BamH Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ之间,Sal Ⅰ酶切线性化重组质粒INGAP/pPIC9K,电穿孔转化毕赤酵母,营养缺陷型培养基MD和G418筛选含高拷贝表达盒的酵母转化子,PCR鉴定是否含有目的 基因INGAP,甲醇诱导rhINGAP的表达,SDS-PAGE和Western blotting鉴定目的 蛋白,用ELISA定量测定生物学活性.结果 成功构建了重组表达质粒INGAP/pPIC9K,筛选得到3个阳性转化子,表达产物具有良好的抗原活性.结论 实现了rhINGAP在毕赤酵母中的高效分泌性表达.     

重组sCR1在毕赤酵母细胞中的表达、纯化及鉴定

目的:酵母细胞SMD 1168表达人sCR1,并对重组蛋白进行纯化。方法:从人外周血中提取总RNA,应用RT-PCR获得人sCR1全长cDNA,将其克隆入真核表达载体pPIC9K,构建含人sCR1的重组质粒(pPIC9K-sCR1);经测序鉴定正确后,将重组质粒转化入毕赤酵母菌细胞SMD 1168中,经甲醇诱导,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析及W estern b lot鉴定,并通过N i2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化。结果:经甲醇诱导的含pPIC9K-sCR1的酵母细胞表达出重组人sCR1的融合蛋白,48~72 h sCR1融合蛋白表达量最高。此蛋白在凝胶上表现为M r大于31 KDa的蛋白区带,在W estern b lot分析中可被sCR1的CD35单克隆抗体(mAb)识别。经N i2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化后得到较纯的sCR1融合蛋白。结论:人sCR1融合蛋白在酵母细胞表达系统中的高水平表达,并且有与人体天然蛋白相同的抗原活性。     

重组融合蛋白rTMP-GH在巴斯德毕赤酵母中表达的研究

目的 实现TPO模拟肽(thrombopoietin mimetic peptide,TMP)与人生长激素(human growth hormone,hGH)的重组融合蛋白rTMP-GH在巴氏毕赤酵母中的高效表达.方法 以含有rTMP-GH核苷酸序列的原核质粒为模板,PCR方法获得rTMP-GH的编码序列,并亚克降至载体pPIC9K中,将所构建pPIC9K-rTMP-GH表达质粒转化酵母宿主细胞GS115,MD/MM平板及G418抗性筛选高表达株,然后进行试管补料分批表达,Western blot对表达产物进行鉴定,通过巨核细胞集落形成能力对其,圭物学活性进行初步检测.结果 成功构建pPIC9K-rTMP-GH表达质粒,筛选到高表达rTMP-GH重组融合蛋白的巴氏毕赤酵母细胞株,初步证实所表达产物具有刺激巨核细胞集落形成的能力.结论 成功实现了rTMP-GH融合蛋白在巴氏毕赤酵母中的高效表达.     

EGF-IL-18在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的：在甲醇营养型毕赤酵母表达系统中分泌表达人表皮生长因子受体干扰基序和白细胞介素-18（EGF-IL-18）融合蛋白。方法：PCR扩增EGF-IL-18基因,克隆到表达载体pPIC9K,重组质粒经线性化后用电转化导入毕赤酵母GS115,筛选重组子,经摇瓶培养,用甲醇诱导表达EGF-IL-18融合蛋白。结果：序列分析表明,克隆到pPIC9K载体中的EGF-IL-18基因与设计相符,SDS-PAGE电泳分析显示表达产物EGF-IL-18以可溶性分子存在于酵母培养基中,Western印记表明表达产物EGF-IL-18具有良好的抗原性。结论：重组蛋白EGF-IL-18在毕赤酵母GS115中成功分泌表达。     

SARS病毒S蛋白N端片段真核载体的构建及酵母表达菌株的建立

目的：构建SARS冠状病毒S蛋白N端1～501bp的真核表达载体,并分析其在毕赤酵母GS115中的表达情况.方法： 用PCR方法从质粒pGEX-6P-1＋SARS-S上扩增出S编码基因片段,克隆至真核表达载体pPIC9上,构建重组质粒pPIC9＋SARS-S.重组质粒经酶切鉴定和核苷酸测序鉴定后,转化毕赤酵母GS115,用甲醇诱导重组S蛋白片段表达.结果： 酶切鉴定及核苷酸序列测定表明重组真核表达质粒的构建完全正确.对甲醇诱导后重组毕赤酵母培养上清行SDS-PAGE电泳分析,在相对分子量约为41 000处有重组蛋白的表达.结论： SARS冠状病毒S蛋白N端1～167aa在毕赤酵母中获得了高效、分泌性表达.     

人血清白蛋白与PTH(1-34)融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及鉴定

目的在毕赤酵母中高效分泌表达人血清白蛋白与PTH(1-34)融合蛋白.方法利用PCR技术获得HSA和PTH(1-34)基因,以柔性连接肽相连插入到表达载体pPIC9,重组质粒线性化后,用化学法转化毕赤酵母GS115,经组氨酸缺陷型培养板和PCR鉴定筛选得到转化子.在启动子AOX1和α交配因子信号肽的作用下,分泌表达融合蛋白HSA-PTH(1-34).PCR法和电泳鉴定表达验证阳性转化子,并观测不同时间点的表达量.Western blot验证其免疫活性,在兔肾皮质细胞膜中测定腺苷酸环化酶的激活产生cAMP的量来检测融合蛋白的生物学活性.结果PCR鉴定重组转化子验证了融合基因的成功整合,用甲醇诱导表达,蛋白电泳分析表明融合基因得到高效表达,HSA-PTH(1-34)同时具有HSA和PTH(1-34)的抗原性,且能激活兔肾皮质细胞中的腺苷酸环化酶产生cAMP,但活性低于PTH(1-34).结论在毕赤酵母中成功表达了具有生物学活性的人血清白蛋白与PTH(1-34)融合蛋白.     

NDRG2蛋白的毕赤酵母可溶表达与纯化

目的：酵母表达并纯化可溶性NDRG2蛋白。方法：从pRSET-A-ndrg2重组质粒中扩增出6his-ndrg2融合基因，克隆入酵母表达载体pPIC3.5K；酵母重组表达载体pPIC3.5K-6his-ndrg2电转化入毕赤酵母GS115，并进行营养缺陷筛选和G418抗性筛选；对高拷贝整合的重组酵母表达菌株诱导表达，可溶性表达产物经Ni-NTA亲合层析纯化。结果：构建得到酵母融合重组表达载体pPIC3.5K-6his-ndrg2；经G418浓度梯度筛选得到串联整合16个重组表达载体以上的重组酵母表达菌株；诱导后表达得到6his-NDRG2融合蛋白，并成功纯化得到可溶性表达产物。结论：表达并纯化得到可溶性NDRG2蛋白，为进一步研究NDRG2的结构与功能打下了必要的基础。     

水蛭素在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

目的:构建水蛭素毕赤酵母表达载体,获得重组蛋白在毕赤酵母中的分泌型表达. 方法: 通过PCR扩增获得水蛭素HV2, HV2-N47K基因,将序列正确的基因序列插入酵母表达载体pPIC9α分泌信号下游,再亚克隆入高拷贝载体pPIC9K,构建表达质粒pPIC9K-HV2, pPIC9K-HV2-N47K. 重组质粒转化宿主菌GSM1168,G418抗性筛选高拷贝的稳定表达菌株,经甲醇诱导表达并对表达产物进行鉴定. 结果: 成功构建了水蛭素毕赤酵母表达载体,获得水蛭素在毕赤酵母中的分泌型表达,表达产物具有抗凝血酶活性. 结论: 水蛭素在毕赤酵母中获得分泌型表达,为研究新药奠定了基础.     

HSA-TP5融合基因表达载体的构建及其真核表达

目的：构建人血清白蛋白（HSA）-胸腺五肽（TP5）融合蛋白表达载体,并在毕赤酵母中表达,阐明其生物学活性。方法：利用基因重组技术构建HSA-TP5融合基因,并转染至毕赤酵母中从而构建其真核表达体系,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离及试剂盒纯化获得PPICZαC-HSA-TP5真核重组表达质粒;采用两步发酵法对HSA-TP5基因工程菌进行高密度发酵,对发酵液上清蛋白沉淀浓缩,通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法、阳离子交换层析及疏水层析等方法分离纯化蛋白;采用MTT法检测该融合蛋白促淋巴细胞增殖活性。结果：PCR法获得HSA目的基因片段长度为1 845 bp。酶切鉴定融合质粒HSA-TP5-pPICZαC得到片段长度为707 bp。测序分析,目的基因HSA和TP5序列与GenBank公布的基因序列完全一致,并正向连接融合。PCR法鉴定PPICZαC-HSA-TP5真核重组质粒与酵母基因组DNA整合,与对照组比较,转化组出现基因片段长度为1 860 bp。SDS-PAGE分析,在甲醇诱导后72 h内,随着诱导时间延长,HSA-TP5融合蛋白表达量逐步升高。利用阳离子交换层析及AKTA多功能蛋白纯化系统纯化得到HSA-TP5融合蛋白。MTT法检测,HSA-TP5融合蛋白与TP5蛋白具有一致的促淋巴细胞增殖活性。结论：通过构建HSA-TP5毕赤酵母真核表达体系可获得HSA-TP5融合蛋白并具有生物学活性。     

人补体受体1型活性片段SCR15-18在毕赤酵母中的表达、纯化及活性鉴定

目的 实现人补体受体1型(complement receptor type 1,CR1)活性片段SCR15-18在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达.方法 用PCR从原核表达质粒pET32a-sCR1-SCR15-18上扩增CR1-SCR15-18的编码基因,并克隆到毕赤酵母分泌表达质粒pPIC9,构建重组质粒pPIC9-CR1-SCR15-18,鉴定后测序;重组质粒电转化整合到毕赤酵母GS115基因组中,菌落PCR技术筛选阳性转化株;经摇瓶发酵和甲醇诱导,SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定目的蛋白的表达;Ni2*-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化目的蛋白,并用体外抑制补体溶血反应实验测定目的蛋白的生物活性.结果 成功构建重组表达质粒pPIC9-CR1-SCR15-18;SDS-PAGE和Western blot证实目的基因在毕赤酵母中成功分泌表达;表达产物经镍柱快速纯化后,能够明显抑制补体的体外溶血.结论 在毕赤酵母中成功实现了CR1-SCR15-18蛋白的分泌表达,该蛋白具有较高的抑制补体溶血的生物活性.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.