21例老年性喉结核的临床分析

目的探讨老年喉结核的临床特征,减少老年喉结核患者的误诊误治。方法回顾性分析1999年4月至2009年6月中南大学湘雅医院耳鼻咽喉科经病理确诊的21例50岁以上喉结核患者病例的临床资料。结果男性17例,女性4例,病程1月至半年不等。病变主要累及声带18(85.71%),以肉芽组织形成为主。其中胸片报告13(61.9%)例活动性肺结核,6(28.6%)例报告陈旧性肺结核,2(9.52%)例未见异常。患者均经病理最后确诊。经确诊后均转至结核病院治疗,2例失访,16例治愈,3例仍在随访中。结论老年性喉结核症状与体征多不典型;初诊误诊率较高,胸片对于其诊断具有重要意义,经系统抗痨后,治愈率较高。     

喉结核临床特征的变化

目的：探讨近年喉结核临床特征的变化，以加强对此疾病的认识，减少误诊误治。方法：回顾分析1991至2001年经病理确诊喉结核35例的临床资料。结果：患者22～75岁，男女比率为2．5：1。声嘶是其最常见的症状，占80％，全身症状少见。35例中15例胸片检查阴性，20例合并活动性肺结核的患者多表现为溃疡性或肉芽肿性病变。未见喉结核有特异的发病部位。结论：和过去相比，喉结核的临床表现发生了一些变化，临床医生在鉴别诊断喉部疾病时需考虑到喉结核，减少不必要的误诊误治。     

糖尿病合并肺结核83例l临床分析

我院 1 998年至 2 0 0 0年收治的肺核患者 2 740例 ,其中糖尿病合并肺结核 83例 ,超过 50岁占81 % ,死亡 2例 ,病死率为 2 .4%。现重点讨论糖尿病与肺结核的关系。l　临床资料1 .1　病例选择 :本文糖尿病诊断均符合 1 985年WHO的糖尿病诊断分类标准 ,肺结核均经 X线胸片结合临床表现及实验室检查确诊。1 .2　一般资料 :糖尿病并肺结核 (以下称甲组 ) 83例 ,其中男 54例 ( 65% ) ,女 2 9例 ( 34.49% ) ,年龄 2 2至 86岁 (平均年龄 58岁 ) ,超过 50岁占 67例( 8l% )。同时随机抽取同期收治的无糖尿病单纯肺结核患者 83例 (下称乙组 )与甲组…     

喉结核的临床特征分析

目的探讨喉结核的临床特点,提高对喉结核的认识、诊断及治疗水平。方法回顾性分析新乡医学院第一附属医院2000年1月至2011年12月收治的36例经病理检查确诊为喉结核患者的临床资料。结果喉结核患者的局部临床症状主要为声嘶,占75.03%,全身症状不典型;病变多累及声带和室带,病变形态以肉芽样、结节样改变等增殖性病变为主。36例患者中,失访6例,25例达临床治愈,5例仍有不同程度声嘶。结论喉结核临床特点无特异性,全身症状不明显,易误诊;纤维喉镜检查及活组织病理检查是确诊喉结核的重要手段。     

喉结核的CT诊断

目的分析喉结核的CT表现,提高其CT诊断准确率。方法回顾性分析近6年来我院经病理确诊的18例喉结核的CT表现及临床资料。结果弥散型15例,肿块型3例,5例伴有活动性肺结核,喉结核的主要症状为声嘶喉痛。结论喉结核的影像学表现缺乏特异性,喉结核的CT诊断必须密切结合临床病史。     

肠结核18例临床分析

目的总结分析经肠镜病理确诊肠结核(ITB)患者的临床特点。方法回顾性分析安徽医科大学第一附属医院消化内科2017年1月至2018年6月收治的18例经肠镜病理确诊的ITB患者的临床资料,对ITB的临床表现、实验室检查、影像学、肠镜及病理情况等数据进行总结分析。结果 18例患者中,腹痛16例(88. 9%)、腹泻11例(61. 1%);结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT. TB)阳性率为83. 3%(15/18),结核菌素试验(PPD)阳性率为55. 6%(10/18);影像学检查示10例(55. 6%)患者合并肺结核,肺结核经胸片确诊率为22. 2%(4/18),经胸部高分辨CT确诊率为42. 9%(6/14);小肠CT(CTE)特征分析显示,病灶累及回盲部12例(66. 7%),肠壁对称性增厚11例(61. 1%),淋巴结环形强化10例(55. 6%),腹水7例(38. 9%);肠镜显示环形溃疡10例(55. 6%)、鼠咬征8例(44. 4%)、回盲瓣挛缩呈鱼口状开放4例(22. 2%)。18例患者均通过病理确诊,病理组织学抗酸染色阳性率83. 3%(15/18),干酪样坏死性肉芽肿检出率44. 4%(8/18)。结论 ITB临床特征缺乏特异性,难以明确诊断,应加强病理组织学检查,同时结合临床表现、实验室检查、影像学检查,以提高诊断水平。     

浅析喉结核病的症状及电子支气管镜观察

目的 探讨喉结核的临床特点及电子支气管镜下特点以提高对喉结核的认识.方法 回顾我院2008年1月-2009年1月,通过电子支气管镜检查,镜下取活检病理证实为喉部结核的3例临床资料.结果 电子支气管镜下见病变侵及范围广泛,喉部侵犯轻重不一.3例均有会厌侵犯.其中2例有喉外组织侵犯,均有腭扁桃体结核和舌根扁桃体结核,其中1例有鼻咽部结核,另1例有食道结核,均以溃疡、增生、侵润并存.支气管黏膜苍白缺血,黏膜下结节样突出,均病理证实喉结核.2例摄胸片：肺部均有结核灶,呈血行播散型肺结核表现.确诊前1例误诊为喉癌,2例误诊为会厌炎.结论 临床上喉结核病例有明显增高趋势.症状体征与以往报道明显有所不同,表现各异,容易误诊.通过我院电子支气管镜检查所见特点希望能够对今后喉结核的诊断有一个新的认识.     

老年非典型肺结核76例临床诊治分析

目的 探讨老年非典型肺结核的诊治方法.方法 对2008年3月至2010年12月我院收治的76例老年非典型肺结核患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 (1)首次就诊明确诊断27例(占35.5％)、可疑诊断28例(占36.8％)、在外院误诊为其他疾病21例(占27.6％),可疑和误诊患者经影像学检查确诊9例、经纤维支气管镜病理检查确诊33例、手术病理检查确诊3例、抗结核治疗有效证实4例.(2)初治患者应用2RHEZ/4RH方案治疗、复治患者应用2SRHEZ/6RH方案治疗,随访1～4年、平均2.5年,治愈44例(占57.9％)、好转29例(占38.1％)、死亡3例(占3.9％).结论 老年非典型肺结核临床表现不典型、影像学征象复杂,容易造成误诊或漏诊,临床医生应努力提高诊断和治疗水平,减少误诊或漏诊.     

鼻咽喉结核10例临床分析

目的:总结近年鼻咽喉等上气道部位结核的临床特征。方法:回顾分析首诊于耳鼻喉科且明确诊断资料完整的鼻咽喉结核10例的临床资料。结果:10例中1例有家族史,1例17年前曾患结核性脑膜炎且胸片提示有陈旧性肺结核,3例提示是活动性肺结核;病变部位疼痛是患者就诊的主要原因。结论:鼻咽喉结核临床表现不典型,需要综合各方面资料作出判断,一经确诊,应转结核防治机构治疗。     

探讨放射线胸片对肺结核诊断

目的观察分析放射线胸片对肺结核的诊断结果。方法选取我院2013年12月至2015年收支的63例肺结核患者为研究对象,回顾性分析所有患者的临床资料,并分析放射线胸片的作用。结果所有患者均确诊为肺结核,发病部位主要位于肺中部和上部,诊断得出钙化影8(12.7%)例,网状影11(17.5%)例,胸膜增厚粘连3(4.8%)例,空润影15(23.8%)例,纤维索条影14(22.2%)例,结节斑点影10(15.9%)例,误诊2(3.2%)例,诊断准确率为96.8%。结论放射线胸片在诊断肺结核方面具有重要作用,值得临床广泛应用及推广。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.