后腹腔镜术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的临床效果分析

目的观察后腹腔镜术治疗肾上腺肿瘤患者的临床治疗情况,探讨后腹腔镜术对治疗肾上腺肿瘤的疗效及安全性、适用性。方法分析我院2006年～2012年采用腹腔镜途径治疗24例肾上腺肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中嗜格细胞瘤2例、肾上腺髓性脂肪瘤3例、原发性醛固酮瘤5例、肾上腺囊肿5例、皮质醇腺瘤5例、肾上腺无功能腺瘤6例。结果 24例患者均手术成功,其中7例进行了肾上腺切除手术,17例进行了肾上腺肿瘤摘除手术,术后均未出现大出血事故,无输血情况。患者住院时间为7～12d,平均9d。结论后腹腔镜手术对治疗肾上腺肿瘤具有安全、有效、微创的疗效,患者痛苦小,恢复速度快,无并发症出现。     

腹腔镜下经后腹膜肾上腺肿瘤切除术疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下经后腹膜肾上腺肿瘤切除术的可靠、确切、有效的治疗方法,尤其是术后患者损伤及痛苦少、恢复快、切口小有美容效果。方法 2008年1月～2010年12月,笔者所在医院为4例患者行腹腔镜下经后腹膜肾上腺肿瘤切除术。结果肾上腺肿瘤右侧2例,左侧2例,1例由于术中出血而改为开腹手术止血,全组患者无手术死亡,随访0.5～2.0年无肿瘤复发或远处转移。结论腹腔镜下经后腹膜肾上腺肿瘤切除术是治疗肾上腺肿瘤的有效治疗方法之一。     

后腹腔镜切除肾上腺瘤65例体会

目的探讨后腹腔镜手术切除肾上腺肿瘤的手术技巧和效果。方法随机抽取从2009年6月至2010年10月我院收治的肾上腺肿瘤患者65例的临床资料进行回顾性分析,全部经腹膜后腔路径,在腹腔镜监视下,用超声刀游离切除肾上腺肿瘤,手术进行顺利。2例原发肾上腺皮质癌由于术中周围浸润明显且肿瘤体积超过6cm中途改为开放手术。结果 63例手术均获成功,术中术后无并发症发生。随访6个月至24个月,未发现腹腔种植性转移及操作孔转移情况。结论腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、术中出血少、住院时间短并发症少,恢复快等优点,已成为现代肾上腺肿瘤手术治疗的金标准[1]。     

后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术临床分析

目的探讨后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术在肾上腺肿瘤疾病中的应用。方法对15例肾上腺肿瘤患者进行后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 15例均获成功,无严重并发症,住院5～12d,平均7d。结论后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术是一种具有微创、安全和有效治疗肾上腺肿瘤的手术方法 。     

后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺良性疾病（附45例报告）

目的探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺疾病的手术技巧及临床效果。方法对45例肾上腺良性病变患者行后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术。肾上腺肿瘤41例（库兴综合征14例,嗜铬细胞瘤6例,原发性醛固酮增多症11例,无功能腺瘤10例）,肾上腺囊肿4例。结果45例手术均获成功,无中转开放者;手术时间35—65分钟,平均45分钟;术中估计出血量20—90ml,平均55ml;术后住院时间3-6天,平均4．5天。术中及术后无明显并发症。39例术后获随访6—38个月,影像学检查无复发。结论后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术是一种安全、有效、微创、恢复快的术式,是肾上腺良性疾病的理想治疗方法。     

后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术24例临床分析

目的探讨后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺肿瘤的疗效、安全性。方法应用腹腔镜经腹膜后途径行肾上腺肿瘤摘除术24例。结果24例全部成功。手术时间1．0～3．5h，平均1．7h。所有患者术中、术后均未输血，无严重并发症。术后恢复顺利，术后住院3～8d，平均4．5d。术后病理诊断：肾上腺无功能腺瘤10例，原发性醛固酮症腺瘤6例，肾上腺囊肿4例，嗜铬细胞瘤2例，皮质醇腺瘤2例。结论后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺肿瘤，具有微创、安全有效、术后恢复快、住院时间短等优势，应成为治疗肾上腺肿瘤的首选方法。     

后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤12例体会

肾上腺疾病是比较复杂的一类疾病，包括有功能的腺瘤或癌、无功能的腺瘤、肾上腺囊肿和肾上腺皮髓质增生等，由于诊断、药物治疗和手术方法的改进，肾上腺疾病的治疗已经较为安全，效果也很好。在临床上肾上腺疾病的诊治比较复杂，由于微创外科技术的发展，腹腔镜手术已经能够安全地切除肾上腺及肿瘤。     

经后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺肿瘤的手术配合及护理

目的总结经后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺肿瘤的手术配合及护理经验。方法回顾性分析2004-2008年我院实行6例肾上腺肿瘤手术临床资料。结果6例患者施行经后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤摘除术,均获成功,疗效满意。结论经腹膜后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤摘除术术前充分准备及术中熟练配合能够有效保证手术成功。     

后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤

目的:探讨肾上腺肿瘤的后腹腔镜微创手术治疗,并与开放手术作对比分析。方法:肾上腺肿瘤46例,行后腹腔镜手术治疗,与近期开放手术治疗的14例患者的临床指标进行比较。结果:后腹腔镜组46例,手术全部成功,无转开放,平均手术时间90min,开放组80min;腹腔镜手术组平均出血60ml,开放组约160ml;腹腔镜组术后平均住院5d,开放组术后平均住院9.5d,两组多项指标差异均有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:与开放手术相比,治疗肾上腺肿瘤采用后腹腔镜微创手术具有创伤小,出血少,恢复快,住院时间短等优点。     

肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤32例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的安全性及临床价值。方法对32例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者采用腹腔镜经后腹腔途径手术治疗。结果本组32例肿瘤均完整切除,术后经病理检查确诊为肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤。手术时间45—200min,平均100min。术中出血量30～400ml,平均125ml,无需要输血者。术后住院3—10d,平均5d。切除肿瘤平均直径35（20～60）min。引流管术后1—2d拔除,术后并发血肿2例。随访3个月～2年,患者血压均恢复正常,肿瘤局部无复发。结论腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤不增加手术的危险性,而且创伤小,患者恢复快,可作为治疗肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的方法之一。     

后腹腔镜手术与开放手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的临床疗效分析

目的：观察后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析我院2006年2月-2013年2月收治的60例肾上腺肿瘤患者的临床资料,30例行开放手术,30例行后腹腔镜手术,对比分析两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血例数、术后引流量、术后进食时间、术后住院天数、术后并发症发生率等指标。采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计学分析。结果：后腹腔镜手术组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后进食时间、术后住院天数、术后并发症发生率等指标均显著优于开放手术组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤优于传统开放手术,具有创伤小、出血少、并发症少、恢复快等优点,可作为肾上腺肿瘤的首选术式。     

螺旋CT在肾上腺钝性损伤中的诊断价值

目的:讨论螺旋CT在肾上腺钝性损伤中的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析诊断明确的11例肾上腺钝性损伤患者的CT表现。结果:右侧肾上腺损伤9例(81.82%),左侧2例(18.18%)。患者中:形成血肿7例(63.63%),血肿表现为圆形或卵圆形肿块影,有2例为迟发性血肿;肾上腺挫伤4例(36.37%),表现为肾上腺局限性或弥散性增粗、肿胀,CT复查表现为肾上腺血肿体积缩小,密度从边缘开始逐渐降低,肾上腺形态缓慢恢复。7例中5例完全吸收,1例形成机化结节,1例形成假性囊肿。4例肾上腺挫伤者经随访复查,其肾上腺形态逐步恢复。结论:肾上腺钝性损伤具有特征性CT表现,螺旋CT对肾上腺钝性损伤具有重要诊断价值,可作为首选方法。     

Spontaneous neoplasms in aged sprague-dawley rats

Incidence of neoplastic lesions in untreated Sprague-Dawley rats (1340 males and 1329 females) used as controls in 17 carcinogenicity studies are tabulated and evaluated. In male rats, the most common neoplasms were benign pheochromocytomas and keratoacanthomas (4.0% in each case) followed by pancreatic islet cell adenomas (3.7%), thyroid parafollicular cell adenomas (3.6%), fibromas and squamous cell papillomas of the skin and hepatocellular adenomas (2.0% in each), malignant lymphoma lymphocytic (1.9%), histiocytic sarcomas (1.4%), and adrenal cortical adenomas (1.2%). In female rats, the most common neoplasms were of mammary gland origin (31.3%: fibroadenoma 19.0%, adenocarcinomas 8.8%, and adenomas 3.5%) followed by thyroid parafollicular cell adenomas (2.9%), uterine endometrial stromal polyps (2.6%), adrenal cortical adenomas (1.9%), malignant lymphoma lymphocytic (1.6%), fibromas in the skin (1.3%), and pancreatic islet cell adenoma (1.1%). Metastases were observed from pheochromocytomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, nephroblastomas, renal pelvis transitional cell carcinoma, interstitial cell tumor and seminoma of the testes, Zymbal's gland adenocarcinomas, and mammary adenocarcinomas.     

后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术的临床效果观察

目的探讨采用后腹腔镜进行肾上腺肿瘤切除术的临床效果。方法选择2007年11月至2011年4月在娄底市中心医院采用后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术15例患者作为研究对象,所有患者均为肾上腺肿瘤。手术前应注意对症治疗,注意补充皮质激素等。所有患者均签署知情同意书,愿意参加本研究。采用全麻的方法进行后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术。结果术后病理诊断进行分析显示,主要类型为5种,分别为肾上腺无功能腺瘤、原发性醛固酮症腺瘤、嗜铬细胞瘤、肾上腺囊肿和皮质醇腺瘤。最主要的病例类型肾上腺无功能腺瘤,为5例,占34.29%,其次为原发性醛固酮症腺瘤和嗜铬细胞瘤,各3例,占22.86%,对手术时间、手术出血量、术后进食时间、术后下床活动和术后住院时间进行观察。所有患者未出现患者皮下血肿和切口感染等并发症,也未出现患者内脏或大血管损伤。结论采用后腹腔镜进行肾上腺肿瘤切除术的临床效果较好,并发症少,应加强临床推广。     

后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术——附15例报告

目的:探讨并总结腹腔镜下肾上腺肿瘤切除术在县级基层医院开展的可行性及安全性。方法:回顾性总结分析某院2007年10月～2010年5月腹腔镜下肾上腺肿瘤切除术15例的临床资料。结果:本组15例,男13例,女2例,年龄39～54岁,平均47.5岁,左侧8例,右侧7例,肾上腺肿瘤大小2.5～6cm,平均直径3.8cm;13例病人以高血压、体型异常等就诊,2例因体检偶然发现住院,手术采用后腹腔镜下肾上腺肿瘤切除术,2例中转开放,手术时间平均146min,1例术中输红细胞悬液400ml,2例术后输红细胞悬液200ml,没有术后出血、伤口感染、邻近脏器损伤等并发症发生;近期3～29月的随访,所有患者的临床症状消除,血液学指标恢复正常局部无复发;病理结果:原发性醛固酮增多症8例均为皮脂腺瘤,皮质醇增多症4例中3例为腺瘤、1例为肾上腺癌,嗜铬细胞瘤1例,无功腺瘤2例。结论:基层医院在拥有良好的腹腔镜技术基础,完备较好的腹腔镜设备条件,充分做好术前准备,腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术在线及基层医院来站安全.效果良好。     

A case of a testosterone-secreting oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma

Oncocytic neoplasms are most rarely found in the adrenal gland. They are usually benign and non-functioning. We present a case of a testosterone-secreting oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma in a 19-year-old female who presented with acne, hirsutism and irregular menses. Clinical investigations revealed an elevated testosterone and DHEA-S and a 4×5 cm left adrenal mass. The tumour was successfully excised. The histology showed the tumour to be comprised of oncocytic cells with granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm, features consistent with an oncocytic carcinoma. This is the first case presented of a testosterone-secreting oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma.     

外伤性肾上腺损伤的CT诊断

目的探讨外伤性肾上腺损伤的CT表现及临床应用研究。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2010年6月358例因腹部钝挫伤病例中经CT检查诊断并CT随访证实或手术的11例肾上腺损伤患者的CT检查结果。结果 11例患者在外伤后1h～5d行CT扫描,其中右侧损伤9例,左侧损伤2例,主要表现为:①肾上腺区域孤立圆形、类圆形影10例,CT值55～70Hu,平扫为高密度或混杂密度影,增强扫描无增强,边缘清楚或模糊。②肾上腺周围组织损伤7例,其中5例表现为肾上腺周围脂肪内索条状、斑片状高密度出血浸润影,3例为膈肌脚局限性增厚、密度增高,合并其他胸腹部脏器损伤4例。③肾上腺弥漫性出血1例,肾上腺正常结构消失,肾上腺包埋在血肿影中。结论肾上腺损伤具有特征性的CT表现,CT可以清楚的显示肾上腺的解剖形态,可准确定位血肿的形态、大小、密度以及清晰显示与邻近组织的关系等,为临床诊断和制定治疗方案提供可靠的依据。     

The release of adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla of the cat during splanchnic stimulation

Cats were anaesthetized with chloralose, eviscerated and the right adrenal gland was removed. The venous outflow from the left adrenal gland was collected during 10 five-minute periods of stimulation of the left splanchnic nerve. The amounts of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the venous outflow and in the stimulated and unstimulated glands were determined by a fluorimetric method. In eight experiments a mean of 50.5 μg. of total catechol amine was recovered from the effluent blood. The mean difference in amine content between the stimulated and unstimulated glands was 50 μg., representing a loss of 29% from the stimulated gland. The proportions of the two amines in the effluent blood were very similar to those found in the gland. The results provide no evidence for an increase in the rate of synthesis of catechol amines during splanchnic stimulation.     

后腹腔镜与开放性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术的疗效比较

目的评价后腹腔镜肾上腺手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的效果。方法对行后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术患者28例(后腹腔镜组)与同期开放性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术患者15例(开放手术组)的临床效果进行比较。结果后腹腔镜组在平均手术时间、平均失血量、术后止痛剂用量、术后下床活动时间及术后住院天数均显著优于开放手术组,无1例需要输血和发现严重并发症。术后平均随访11个月,全部病例均达以治疗的目的 ,无远期手术并发症发生。结论后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术显著优于开放手术,是一种安全有效的方法。     

Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Two Grades of Pentachlorophenol in B6C3F1 Mice

Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Two Grades of Pentachlorophenolin B6C3F1 Mice. MCCONNELL, E. E., HUFF, J. E., HEJTMANCIK, M.,PETERS, A. C., AND PERSING, R. (1991). Fundam Appl Toxicol 17,519–532. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of pentachlorophenol(penta), a biocide used primarily as a wood preservative, wereconducted by feeding diets containing a technical-grade compositeor Dowicide EC-7 (a commercial grade with lower levels of contaminants)to groups of B6C3F1 mice. Based primarily on liver lesions (hepatocellularnecrosis, degeneration, and cytomegaly) observed in 6-monthstudies, diets containing 100 or 200 ppm technical-grade pentachlorophenolor 100, 200, or 600 ppm EC-7 were fed to groups of 50 male and50 female mice for 2 years. Control groups consisted of 35 animals.For the most part, mean body weights of mice exposed to technical-gradepenta were comparable to those of controls. During the secondyear, the 600-ppm EC-7 female mice averaged 85% of the controlbody weights. Feed consumption by exposed mice was similar tothat by controls. The average daily doses of penta were approximately0, 17–18, 35, or 114-118 (EC-7) mg/kg. Survival of micedid not appear to be significantly affected by exposure to eithertechnical penta or EC-7 at the doses used in these studies;survival of the control male mice (technical-grade) was comparativelylow. Compound-related neoplasms were observed in three organs/systems:liver, adrenal gland medulla, and vascular endothelium. Dose-relatedincreases of hepatocellular adenomas and of carcinomas wereobserved in male and female mice exposed to both technical pentaand EC-7, although the increase was less marked in females exposedto technical penta. Pheochromocytomas of the adrenal gland inexposed male mice were significantly greater than those in controlsfor both technical penta and EC-7. These neoplasms were alsoincreased in female mice exposed to EC-7 but not to technicalpenta. Hemangiosarcomas in the spleen and/or liver were increasedin female mice that received technical penta and EC-7. The resultsof these studies show that both technical penta and DowicideEC-7 are carcinogenic for mice, causing neoplasms in multipleorgans/systems. In addition, the results suggest that the carcinogenicresponses were due almost exclusively to penta itself, withpossibly a minimal potentiating influence by the contaminantsin the induction of liver neoplasms in male mice.