Prosthetics in Hernia Repair

This review examines the types of material used in hernia repair over the last 50 years and the evolvement of surgical repair techniques. The rates of infection and recurrence associated with past and present materials are also evaluated. In conclusion, while newer materials are associated with fewer complications, close attention to surgical technique is the single most important factor in hernia repair.     

腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补手术难点及操作技巧

目的探讨腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术（totally extraperitoneal,TEP）难点及操作技巧。方法2006年5月～2010年5月,施行257例腹腔镜疝修补手术,对术中遇到的操作难点及手术技巧进行总结分析。结果254例行TEP,3例因腹膜破裂中转为经腹腔腹膜前疝修补术（transabdominalpreperitoneal,TAPP）。术后5例出现阴囊血肿,经非手术治愈;1例出现疝囊残端血肿,手术行血肿清除及残留疝囊切除。257例随访时间6～51个月,平均28个月,其中3例（1.2％）分别于术后6、14、23个月出现对侧疝,再次行TEP;2例分别于术后20、60d复发,行二次开放无张力疝修补手术;1例7个月后出现疝钉处疼痛,局麻取出疝钉后痛疼消失,其余患者均无异常。结论TEP的技术关键点主要是腹膜前间隙的建立、镜下解剖标志的应用、正确的疝囊分离方法、补片放置及固定和隐匿疝的恰当处理。     

Evaluation of the Rebound Hernia Repair Device for Laparoscopic Hernia Repair

Background:

The characteristics of the ideal type of mesh are still being debated. Mesh shrinkage and fixation have been associated with complications. Avoiding shrinkage and fixation would improve hernia recurrence rates and complications. To our knowledge, this is the first study of a device with a self-expanding frame for laparoscopic hernia repair.

Methods:

Six Rebound Hernia Repair Devices were placed laparoscopically in pigs. This device is a condensed polypropylene, super-thin, lightweight, macro-porous mesh with a self-expanding Nitinol frame. The devices were assessed for adhesions, shrinkage, and histological examination. Laboratory and radiologic evaluations were also performed.

Results:

The handling properties of the devices facilitated their laparoscopic placement. They were easily identified with simple x-rays. The mesh was firmly integrated within the surrounding tissue. One device was associated with 3 small adhesions. The other 5 HRDs had no adhesions. We noted no shrinkage or folding. All devices preserved their original size and shape.

Conclusions:

At this evaluation stage, we found that the Rebound Hernia Repair Device may serve for laparoscopic hernia repair and has favorable handling properties. It prevents folding and shrinkage of the mesh. It may eliminate the need for fixation, thus preventing chronic pain. The Nitinol frame also allowed radiologic evaluation for gross movement. Further studies will be needed to evaluate its clinical application.     

Laparoscopic Hernia Repair—When Is a Hernia Not a Hernia?

A wide range of diagnoses can present as inguinal hernia. Laparoscopic techniques are being increasingly used in the repair of inguinal hernias and offer the potential benefit of identifying additional pathology. The authors present the first reported case of a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck diagnosed laparoscopically. We review the incidence of identifying additional pathology through laparoscopy for inguinal hernia repair. We suggest that in patients with atypical presenting features of a hernia, the transabdominal preperitoneal, rather than a totally extraperitoneal, approach to groin hernia repair should be considered because of its greater diagnostic potential.     

双层聚丙烯编织补片腹膜前无张力疝修补术治疗成人腹股沟疝157例体会

目的总结应用双层聚丙烯编织补片治疗成人腹股沟疝157例的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析使用双层聚丙烯编织补片对157例176侧各类成人腹股沟疝进行腹膜前无张力疝修补,观察手术方法、手术时间、留院时间、术后疼痛、术后恢复状况、并发症、复发率及治疗费用等。结果157例患者共实施176侧手术,平均手术时间37min,术后平均留院时间13h,术后恢复快、疼痛轻,无复发病例。结论双层聚丙烯编织补片治疗各类型成人腹股沟疝,具有手术方法简单,手术指征广,术后疼痛轻、恢复快、并发症少、复发率及费用低等优点。     

Hernia repair in elderly patients under unmonitored local anaesthesia is feasible

Background: There is a growing interest in the use of local anaesthesia for inguinal hernia repair. It certainly seems to be an acceptable alternative for the elderly. Supporting intravenous sedation, however, still requires monitoring, anaesthetic personnel and some preparations for the patient. Therefore we set up a feasibility study of hernia repair under local anaesthesia without intravenous sedation or monitoring in elderly patients. Method: A total of 62 patients (aged 65 years or more) with unilateral inguinal hernia received a Mesh Plug Repair. Prospectively collected data included procedure-related complications and information on pain and quality of life as measured by Short Form 36. Results: No procedure-related complications were noted. Comparing the preoperative scores, the SF-36 on day 14 (n=61) did not differ significantly. After a median follow-up of ten months (n=54), significantly higher scores were found for scales of physical and emotional role and pain (all p<0.05). Twenty-two patients reported some form of pain (40.7%). 94.4% of the patients would recommend the procedure when asked. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that Mesh Plug Repair performed under unmonitored local anaesthesia with no intravenous sedation is a feasible alternative for elderly patients. It has advantages for the medical organization without disadvantages for the patient.     

Female Gender and Diabetes Mellitus Increase the Risk of Recurrence after Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair

Background

Laparoscopic hernia repair is used widely for the repair of incisional hernias. Few case studies have focussed on purely ‘incisional’ hernias. This multicentre series represents a collaborative effort and employed statistical analyses to provide insight into the factors predisposing to recurrence of incisional hernia after laparoscopic repair. A specific hypothesis (ie, laterality of hernias as well as proximity to the xyphoid process and pubic symphysis predisposes to recurrence) was also tested.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of all laparoscopic incisional hernias undertaken in six centres from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2010. It comprised a comprehensive review of case notes and a follow-up using a structured telephone questionnaire. Patient demographics, previous medical/surgical history, surgical procedure, postoperative recovery, and perceived effect on quality of life were recorded. Repairs undertaken for primary ventral hernias were excluded. A logistic regression analysis was then fitted with recurrence as the primary outcome.

Results

A total of 186 cases (91 females) were identified. Median follow-up was 42 months. Telephone interviews were answered by 115/186 (62%) of subjects. Logistic regression analyses suggested that only female sex (odds ratio (OR) 3.53; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–8.97) and diabetes mellitus (3.54; 1–12.56) significantly increased the risk of recurrence. Position of the defect had no statistical effect.

Conclusions

These data suggest an increased risk of recurrence after laparoscopic incisional hernia repair in females and subjects with diabetes mellitus. These data will help inform surgeons and patients when considering laparoscopic management of incisional hernias. We recommend a centrally hosted, prospectively maintained national/international database to carry out additional research.     

充填式无张力疝修补术后复发的预防

目的　探讨充填式无张力疝修补术后复发的原因及对策。方法　通过对 1 0例腹股沟斜疝病人经疝环充填式无张力疝修补术后复发情况的研究。结果　网塞和补片的放置缝合欠佳及术后存在腹内压增高因素是引起复发的主要原因。结论　减少疝环充填式无张力疝修补术后复发应改进网塞和补片的固定方法及控制腹内压增高因素     

Role of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Open Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Randomised Study

To study the role of prophylactic antibiotics in open inguinal hernia repair. A total of 200 patients were included, they were randomised in two groups. Group 1 was given prophylactic dose of inj amoxy-clav while group 2 was given placebo only. Results were compared and Data analysed using the Chi-square test. Complications in both the groups were compared. Rate of serous discharge and seroma formation was 1% and 22% respectively in group 1 while 2% and 26% in group 2 also the rate of erythema and stitch abscess were 1% and none in group 1 and 2% and 1% in group 2 respectively. On statistical analysis these differences were not significant. Addition of prophylactic antibiotics in elective open inguinal hernia repair has no significant benefit over placebo although larger studies are required to prepare some uniform guidelines.     

普理灵疝装置在日间腹股沟疝无张力修补中的应用

目的 探讨局麻下普理灵疝装置在日间腹股沟疝无张力修补中的应用。方法 1998年2月-2003年2月，采用美国强生公司生产的普理灵疝装置作为疝修补材料，局麻下进行170例腹股沟疝日间无张力疝修补术。结果 手术时间15min-68min，平均35min。留院观察3h-20h(平均8h)，术后患牵拉感和伤口疼痛轻微，均未使用止痛药。无切口感染，无尿潴留，阴囊积液4例。随诊2月-14月，平均8月，无异物感，无复发。结论 局麻下普理灵疝装置在日间腹股沟疝无张力修补术是一种安全、可靠的手术方式。     

Hernia repair in the Lombardy region in 2000: Preliminary results

Hernia repair is the most common surgical procedure in general surgery in Italy and in the Lombardy region. In the last decade, the use of mesh, the concept of a tension-free technique, and the postoperative rate of recurrences after Bassini or Shouldice operations have completely changed the surgical approach to hernia repair. For this reason, we sent a questionnaire to 148 surgical departments in the Lombardy region to investigate about total hernia operations performed in 2000 in Lombardy, the surgical approach, the surgical techniques used, the type of anesthesia and the hospital stay. One hundred five out of 148 surgical departments returned the questionnaire, and we collected information on a total of 16,935 surgical operations for hernia: 16,494 were performed using tension-free techniques. The inguinal anterior approach is the one of choice for primary and recurrent inguinal hernia, whereas the open preperitoneal and laparoscopic approaches are limited to bilateral and recurrent hernias. The majority of cases were treated under locoregional anesthesia and with a hospital stay of two nights.     

开放式与腹腔镜下腹股沟疝修补术治疗132例腹股沟疝患者临床疗效研究

目的:比较开放式腹股沟疝无张力修补术(OTFH)与经腹腔腹膜前腹腔镜疝修补术(TAPP)的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月—2020年12月于我院住院的腹股沟疝患者132例,按照不同术式分为研究组和对照组,研究组(n=69)采用TAPP术式,对照组(n=63)采用OTFH术式。分别比较两组手术时间、出血量、术后下床时间、疼痛评分、住院时间、住院费用、并发症及复发情况。结果:研究组手术时间、术后下床时间、疼痛评分、住院时间均小于对照组,分别为(46.7±6.3)min vs(37.8±3.6)min、(1.3±0.4)d vs(2.2±0.6)d、(3.5±0.8)分vs(5.4±0.8)分、(6.4±2.2)d vs(8.5±3.2)d,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);研究组住院费用高于对照组[(1.9±0.4)万元vs(1.0±0.3)万元],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);研究组与对照组术中出血量、并发症及复发情况比较[(21.2±2.3)mL vs(21.6±2.0)mL、(6/69)vs(10/63)、(4/69)vs(5/63)],差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论:OTFH和TAPP两种术式均为安全、有效的手术方法。与OTFH相比,TAPP术后患者能获得较好的受益。但其远期复发情况可能需要更长时间的随访。     

Hernia repair in the presence of ascites

Background

The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) has been validated as a prediction tool for postoperative mortality, but its role in predicting morbidity has not been well studied. We sought to determine the role of MELD, among other factors, in predicting morbidity and mortality in patients with nonmalignant ascites undergoing hernia repair.

Methods

All patients undergoing hernia repair in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database (2009–11) were identified. Those with nonmalignant ascites were compared with patients without ascites. A subset analysis of patients with nonmalignant ascites was performed to evaluate the association between MELD and morbidity and mortality with adjustment for potential confounders. The association of significant factors with the rate of morbidity was displayed using a best-fit polynomial regression.

Results

Of 138,366 hernia repairs, 778 (0.56%) were performed on patients with nonmalignant ascites. Thirty-day morbidity (4% versus 19%) and mortality (0.2% versus 5.3%) were significantly more frequent in patients with ascites (P < 0.001). In univariate analysis of the 636 patients with a calculable MELD, MELD was associated with both morbidity and mortality (P < 0.001 each). In multivariate analysis, MELD remained significantly associated with morbidity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11). Ventral hernia repair (OR = 2.9), dependent functional status (OR = 2.3), alcohol use (OR = 2.3), emergent operation (OR = 2.0) white blood count (OR = 1.1), and age (OR = 1.02) were also significantly associated with morbidity (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Before hernia repair, the MELD score can be used to risk-stratify patients with nonmalignant ascites not only for mortality but also morbidity. Morbidity rates increase rapidly with MELD above 15, but other factors should additionally be accounted for when counseling patients on their perioperative risk.     

小切口辅助腹腔镜巨大腹壁切口疝修补术的探讨

目的总结小切口辅助腹腔镜巨大切口疝修补术的经验。方法 2008年6月-2009年12月,采用小切口辅助腹腔镜修补巨大切口疝15例,疝环（12.3±3.4）cm,采用小切口切除疝囊并进行腹壁塑形。结果 15例均顺利完成手术,手术时间100-150 min,（123.3±15.9）min。小切口长度5-8 cm,（6.0±0.9）cm。术中发现隐匿疝6例,一并予以修补。浆液肿1例。术后住院时间4-8 d,（5.3±1.2）d。1例术后疼痛持续〉3个月,无切口感染和肠道及腹腔脏器损伤。全组随访12-30个月,（19.9±4.7）月,无复发。结论小切口辅助腹腔镜修补巨大切口疝是一种安全可靠的手术方法,术后并发症少,达到了腹壁塑形的效果。     

腹腔镜下复合补片修补耻骨上切口疝(附25例报道)

目的总结腹腔镜下耻骨上切口疝修补的手术方法及效果。方法回顾性分析2007年3月至2010年10月期间笔者所在科室25例行腹腔镜下耻骨上切口疝修补术患者的临床资料。男13例,女12例;年龄35～83岁,中位年龄52岁;其中2例是复发疝。疝缺损下缘距耻骨弓距离均小于5 cm。在直视下采用螺旋钉枪将补片固定到腹壁上,补片下边缘须低于耻骨弓2 cm并将其固定到耻骨弓及双侧的耻骨梳韧带上。结果 25例患者均成功完成腹腔镜下切口疝修补,无中转开腹。疝缺损最大径为6.1～12.5 cm,平均9.5 cm。手术时间为90～180 min,平均128 min。总并发症发生率为28%(7/25)。包括术中膀胱损伤1例;术后补片上方浆液肿4例,经局部穿刺抽吸后消失;术后修补区域腹壁疼痛2例,未行特殊处理于术后1个月内逐渐缓解并消失。22例患者获随访,随访率为88%,随访时间为6～48个月,平均30个月,1例于术后2个月复发,复发率为4%。结论腹腔镜下耻骨上切口疝修补是一种安全有效的方法,其网片重叠缺损边缘至少超过5 cm,网片下边缘必须在直视下固定到双侧耻骨梳韧带上,这样可以增加固定的强度并降低修补术后复发率。