Psychosocial factors associated with diet quality in a working adult population

The associations between specific intra‐ and inter‐personal psychosocial factors and dietary patterns were explored in a healthy, working adult sample of university and health center employees (N = 640) who were enrolled in a prospective predictive health study. Participants had a mean age of 48 (SD = 11) years and were 67% women and 30% minority. Baseline psychosocial measures of perceived stress, depressive symptoms, social support, and family functioning were examined for their relationships with three diet quality indices—AHEI, DASH, and the Mediterranean. Dietary intake was of moderate quality in this high‐income, well‐educated, psychosocially healthy population. Social support was positively associated with better diet quality for all three indices (p < .01). Further research should focus on socio‐environmental factors associated with diet quality. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36:242–256, 2013     

Association between dietary patterns and sociodemographics: A cross‐sectional study of Australian nursing students

Lack of time, financial issues, and stressful clinical and educational environments in nursing studies promote higher intakes of convenience and fast foods loaded with fat and sugar, which are linked to reduced mental and physical health. In this study, we examined the dietary patterns of nursing students and their associated sociodemographic factors to inform the development of future health‐promotion interventions. A total of 548 Bachelor of Nursing students were invited to complete a survey. Associations were explored using χ² and logistic regression. Three dietary patterns were identified: healthy (fruit, vegetables, and legumes), Western (loaded with fat, sugar, and salt), and unbalanced. Only 21% of participants were classified as following a healthy dietary pattern, and more likely to be older (>35 years old) and have a personal annual income between $AUD20 000–$59 999 and $60 000–$99 999. Students with one to two and three or more children were more likely to follow a Western dietary pattern. There is a need to develop interventions to improve the dietary behaviors of nursing students by health‐promoting activities and the provision of online health resources.     

饮食随访管理在老年糖尿病院外饮食控制中的应用研究

目的探讨饮食随访管理对老年糖尿病患者院外饮食控制中的应用效果。方法将84例老年糖尿病患者随机分为2组各42例,对照组出院后不予以干预,观察组出院后实施饮食随访管理,比较2组的院外饮食方式、血糖控制情况及生活质量。结果 2组患者出院时的饮食知识、方式评分,血糖水平以及生活质量各项评分均无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组干预后的饮食知识、行为得分差值大于对照组,FBG、P2h BG的差值大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论饮食随访管理能够增加老年糖尿病患者的饮食知识,改善饮食行为,提高血糖控制水平,改善生活质量。     

肥胖症患者袖状胃切除术的饮食护理与指导

目的探讨肥胖症患者袖状胃切除术的饮食护理及术后饮食指导,以保证患者围术期安全,提高手术疗效及患者术后生活质量。方法对2010年1月至2011年12月在第二军医大学长海医院微创外科实施腹腔镜下袖状胃切除术(laparoscopic sleeve gastretomy,LSG)的82例肥胖症患者进行规范的围术期饮食护理及指导,术后定期进行营养跟踪教育。结果所有病例均顺利康复出院,并进行至少12个月的术后随访,体质量下降显著,相关并发症亦有不同程度改善。随访期内有15例患者出现脱发症状,其中1例较为严重,经饮食调整或药物治疗后均获不同程度缓解;所有病例均未见其他明显营养相关并发症。结论规范合理的饮食护理和指导是保证手术疗效、减少围术期并发症、避免术后营养相关并发症并提高患者生活质量的重要因素,值得临床推广应用。     

应用食物模型进行糖尿病饮食教育的效果观察

[目的]探索一种较好的糖尿病饮食教育形式。[方法]将120例糖尿病病人随机分为观察组和对照组,分别采用相同内容和不同形式(食物模型及口头、文字、图片)对糖尿病病人进行糖尿病饮食教育。通过问卷调查及检测血糖变化,观察教育效果。[结果]在接受教育6个月后,观察组对食物的量化指标认知程度、理论知识、动手操作能力、空腹血糖和餐后2h血糖变化与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。[结论]应用食物模型进行糖尿病饮食教育,便于病人理解和实践,有利于血糖控制,是较好的饮食教育形式。     

应用酮酸疗法改善狼疮性肾炎患者营养状态的研究

目的研究酮酸疗法对狼疮性肾炎(LN)患者营养状态的治疗作用.方法选择我院门诊和住院的LN及非狼疮性慢性肾功能不全(NLN)患者共45例,所选患者血清尿素氮(BUN)均大于9 mmol/L,血清肌酐(Cr)大于178 μmol/L,且无肝脏酶学异常;将LN与NLN患者随机分为两组:实验组为极低蛋白饮食 α-酮酸治疗组,对照组为单纯低蛋白饮食治疗组,所有LN或NLN患者其他治疗均相同,患者治疗前及治疗后2周及2个月收集晨起空腹静脉血清,置于-30 ℃冻存,待批量检测,用酶标法测定血清前白蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(ALB)水平,血清BUN、Cr由我院检验科当日检测.结果酮酸疗法治疗2个月后,实验组较对照组血清BUN明显下降,LN与NLN两个实验组BUN分别为(9.29±4.70) mmol/L、(14.02±7.50) mmol/L,而LN与NLN两个对照组分别为(13.87±6.97) mmol/L、(19.48±7.32) mmol/L(P<0.05);实验组两组血清PA较对照组两组明显增高,分别为(347.99±112.61) mg/L、(381.27±86.13) mg/L和(282.13±66.27)、(352.98±94.21) mg/L(P<0.05).结论酮酸疗法能够降低LN及NLN患者的血清BUN水平,血清PA是较ALB敏感的反映营养状态的指标,酮酸疗法能够改善LN患者的营养状态.     

Effects of hypocaloric very‐low‐carbohydrate diet vs. Mediterranean diet on endothelial function in obese women*

Background Obesity is a cardiovascular risk factor associated with endothelial dysfunction, but the effect of different weight loss strategies on endothelial function is not known. The effect of diet on endothelial function in two hypocaloric diets, a very‐low‐carbohydrate diet (A) and a Mediterranean diet (M), was measured by brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD). Design Using a longitudinal, randomized, open study design, subjects were engaged in a 2‐month weight loss diet. FMD, inflammatory cytokines [interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor‐α] and a marker of oxidative stress [8‐iso‐prostaglandin F2α (8‐iso‐PGF2α)] were measured in subjects on three occasions: before initiating the diet (T0), after 5–7 days of dieting (T5) and after 2 months of dieting (T60). The very short‐ and medium‐term time points were established to discriminate respectively the effect of the diet itself (T5) from that of weight loss (T60). Twenty overweight/obese but otherwise healthy women (BMI: 27–34·9 kg m^?2; age 30–50 years) completed the study. Results Group A lost more weight (mean ± SEM; ?7·6 ± 0·8 kg) than group M (?4·9 ± 0·6 kg, P = 0·014) at T60. The FMD was not significantly different between the two groups at T0 (group A: 12·2 ± 2·9% vs. group B: 10·3 ± 2·3%, P = ns). In group A, FMD was significantly reduced at T5 and returned to baseline at T60; in group M, FMD increased at T5 and returned to baseline at T60 (P = 0·007 for diet × time interaction). Serum concentrations of IL‐6 and 8‐iso‐PGF2α were not significantly different between the two groups at T0 and increased significantly at T5 only in group A (P < 0·001 and P < 0·005 respectively). Conclusion As endothelial dysfunction is known to be associated with acute cardiovascular events, this study suggests that the cardiovascular risk might be increased in the first days of a very‐low‐carbohydrate diet.     

Structured weight-loss programs: Meta-analysis of weight loss at 24 weeks and assessment of effects of intervention intensity

Obesity is increasing in epidemic proportions globally while current therapies continue to be suboptimal. In this investigation, weight loss in obese individuals after 24 weeks with different nutrition interventions was compared. The impact of intervention intensity was assessed. Inclusion criteria were established and a comprehensive literature review was performed. These nutrition interventions were identified and analyzable: meal replacements (MRs); energy-restricted (>1500 kcal/d) diets (ERDs); low-energy (800–1500 kcal/d) diets (LEDs); soy very low energy (<800 kcal/d) diets (VLEDs) referred to as SOYs; and VLEDs. Intensity was assessed using the following parameters: physician visits, clinic visits, and hours of class over 24 weeks; an intensity score represents an adjusted sum of the values. Weight losses at 24 weeks as percentage of baseline weights (95% confidence intervals) were as follows: MRs, 9.1% (5.7–12.5); ERDs, 8.5% (4.9–12.1); LEDs, 11.4% (8.9–13.1); SOYs, 16.5% (13.9–19.1); and VLEDs, 21.3% (20.1–22.5). Weight loss with SOYs was significantly greater than with MRs and ERDs; weight loss with VLEDs was significantly greater than with any other diet. Energy intake was the most significant (P<.0001) regression variable related to weight loss; however, the intensity of intervention (P=.0003) was significantly stronger than initial body weight or duration of treatment. Medically supervised VLEDs are the most effective intervention for facilitating substantial weight loss over 24 weeks. SOY may promote more rapid weight loss over the first 8 weeks than other interventions. MRs appear to be equally effective with ERDs and LEDs with lower levels of intervention intensity.     

饮食调护对黄褐斑的效果观察

目的探讨饮食调护治疗黄褐斑的效果。方法将2012年6月~2013年12月我院接受治疗的黄褐斑患者60例,随机分为对照组和实验组,各30例。对照组给予常规治疗。实验组在常规治疗的基础上结合饮食调护。观察比较两组临床疗效。结果实验组总有效率93.33%,明显高于对照组63.33%,对照组不良反应率33.33%,明显高于实验组6.66%,两组比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论饮食调护治疗黄褐斑效果较好。     

饮食治疗对糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者营养不良的作用

目的 探讨饮食治疗对糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者营养不良的作用.方法 通过对29例糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者营养状况的评估,进行饮食知识调查,然后给予饮食治疗3个月,以人体测量学、血生化作为评价指标,并对饮食治疗前后情况进行分析评估.结果 多数患者对饮食知识缺乏了解,饮食治疗3个月后,饮食知识缺乏和各项营养指标均有改善.结论 饮食知识缺乏是糖尿病肾病血液透析患者营养不良的主要原因,对患者进行饮食指导,坚持饮食治疗可以改善患者营养不良.     

糖尿病饮食配餐软件设计与应用

目的介绍糖尿病饮食配餐软件设计方法、内容,了解糖尿病饮食配餐软件应用效果。方法在保证总能量和三大供能物质比例均衡的前提下,通过多种常见食物能量间相互交换,运用WEB语言编制一套糖尿病饮食配餐软件,并应用于糖尿病患者饮食管理中。结果糖尿病饮食配餐软件操作性强,配餐合理,可以较好控制糖尿病患者血糖、血脂、体重指数。结论糖尿病饮食配餐软件配餐功能完善,可以提高糖尿病患者饮食治疗依从性,软件操作性强,值得临床应用推广。     

10例半乳糖血症患儿的护理

对10例半乳糖血症患儿的护理进行了总结和分析,针对半乳糖血症患儿的黄疸、低血糖、胃肠道症状及出血倾向等症状提出相应的护理措施。强调饮食治疗的重要性,同时注意饮食治疗前后胃肠道症状及黄疸的变化,做好治疗前各种检验标本的收集,争取早期诊断、早期治疗,降低此类患儿的伤残率。出院时教育家长给非乳类饮食,补充足够的蛋白质并及时添加辅食。     

患者饮食宣教卡片组在患者宣教中的应用及效果评价

目的：探讨自制患者饮食宣教卡片组在内科患者中的应用的效果。方法：选取2014年10月至2015年2月入住我院心内科及内分泌科的40位患者,采用自制患者饮食宣教卡片对患者进行饮食宣教,对患者在接受宣教前后的饮食知识得分情况、护理满意度及责任护士使用传统饮食宣教方法与采用自制饮食宣教卡片所花费的时间进行对比。结果：接受健康宣教卡片组后患者饮食知识得分情况高于接受健康宣教前(p<0.05),接受健康宣教卡片组后护理满意度高于接受健康宣教前(p<0.05),责任护士采用饮食宣教卡片所花费饮食宣教的时间少于传统饮食宣教时间(p<0.05)。结论：应用自制饮食宣教卡片组能够提高患者饮食知识,提高护理满意度及护士的工作效率,达到饮食宣教的真正目的。     

腹型过敏性紫癜患儿的饮食管理

目的探讨腹型过敏性紫癜（HSP）患儿饮食管理的效果。方法对我科收治的72例腹型HSP患儿积极寻找过敏原,严密观察病情,实施饮食管理及给予综合治疗。结果本组治愈64例（88．89％）,好转7例（9．72%）,无效1例（1．39％）,总有效率98．61％。无1例发生肠套叠、肠穿孔、肠坏死及多器官功能衰竭。结论有效的饮食管理有助于腹型HSP患儿病情恢复,提高治愈率,减少复发。     

药膳治疗在产妇产褥期应用的调查分析

目的调查药膳在我院产科产妇产褥期的食用情况。方法2006年3月～5月对我院产科住院产妇进行抽样调查,共发放调查表260份,回收246份。然后再从中抽取100例(其中剖宫产和平产各50例)产妇进行乳汁营养分析和排乳时间、剖腹产排气时间分析。结果77.2%认为产科套餐对自己有帮助,89%食用套餐后继续食用药膳,82.5%认为药膳配制合理,84.1%每天食用药膳,85.4%认为食用药膳后能达到预期的效果,58.5%希望出院后继续食用药膳,92.7%食用过催乳药膳,36.6%对药膳中的药材性能能了解,64.2%认为药膳的品种丰富。对100例产妇进行乳汁营养分析和排乳时间、剖腹产排气时间分析结果比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论药膳在产科的应用是行之有效的。     

综合饮食疗法防治急性心肌梗塞便秘的临床研究

急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)患者发生便秘是导致心律失常、心衰及猝死等严重并发症的重要原因。综合饮食疗法是防治 AMI患者发生便秘的重要措施。依据综合饮食疗法与一般饮食将 59名 AMI患者随机分为综合饮食组为观察组 ,一般饮食组为对照组 ,两组便秘发生率比较 ,P <0 .0 5(x2 =6.0 6) ,结果表明 ,综合饮食能够明显降低 AMI患者便秘发生率 ,明显降低 AMI患者猝死 ,提高生存率     

代谢综合征发病与非药物治疗的临床研究

目的：研究高脂血症病人321例中代谢综合征的发病情况及非药物治疗的疗效。方法：对门诊就诊的高脂血症病人321例进行实验室及体格检查、膳食与运动的治疗观察。结果：在高脂血症病人321例中对检查出代谢综合征181例进行分析，代谢综合征发病率为56．4％。代谢综合征合并心脑血管疾病70例，发病率为38．7％。我们对未有合并症的代谢综合征患者111例进行膳食与运动非药物治疗六个月后代谢综合征患者下降到50例。治愈6l例，治愈率54．9％。结论：代谢综合征是一组心血管疾病危害因素的聚集和组合。多种因素一系列的病理变化最终导致心脑血管和下肢动脉的复杂病变，致残及死亡率较高。重视发病情况，早期筛查和识别代谢综合征，着重非药物治疗效果较佳，预防合并症的发生。防患于未然。     

Effect of hypocaloric high-protein,low-carbohydrate diet supplemented with fennel on androgenic and anthropometric indices in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized placebo-controlled trial

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hypocaloric high-protein, low-carbohydrate weight loss diet supplemented with fennel on anthropometric and androgen indices in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsA randomized controlled trial with a factorial design was performed on sixty-four overweight/obese women with PCOS. Participants were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 16 per group) as follows: 1) hypocaloric standardize diet + fennel (2 capsule/day) (HSDF), 2) hypocaloric high-protein diet + fennel (2 capsule/day) (HHPF), 3) hypocaloric standardize diet + placebo (HSDP), and 4) hypocaloric high-protein diet + placebo (HHPP).ResultsThe mean (SD) age of the participants was 28.54 (6.80) years and body mass index was 32.24 (4.65) kg/m². At the end of intervention, protein intake was 20.43 % in the groups that received a high-protein diet versus 16.37 % in the standard diet groups (P < 0.001). Combination of hypocaloric high-protein diet and fennel capsule did not significantly affect change in outcomes compared with groups not receiving them. There was a significant interaction between hypocaloric high-protein diet and fennel on weight (P = 0.019).ConclusionA hypocaloric high-protein diet along with fennel supplementation could not provide additional improvements in anthropometric and androgen indices among PCOS women. Further studies are required to more precisely elucidate these findings.