腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体免疫功能的影响

目的：比较腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术对机体免疫功能的影响。方法：随机将有胆囊切除手术指征的80例患者分为2组,腹腔镜胆囊切除组（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC组）和开腹胆囊切除组（open cholecystectomy,OC组）各40例,测定并比较手术前后IgG、IgM、IgA,补体C3、C4水平及CD3^＋（T细胞总数）、CD4^＋（T辅助/诱导细胞）和CD8^＋的数量。结果：两组IgM、IgA、C4手术前后均无明显变化,两组间差异无统计学意义。LC组术后1d IgG、C3较术前有所下降,术后3d恢复至术前水平;OC组术后1d IgG、C3明显低于术前水平,术后5d恢复至术前水平;组间比较,OC组术后IgG、C3下降明显。LC组T淋巴细胞亚群手术前后差异无统计学意义,OC组术后1d CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋与术前比较明显降低,术后5d恢复至术前水平;组间比较,术后1d、3d OC组CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋均明显低于LC组。结论：腹腔镜手术对机体的免疫功能影响小,术后恢复快。     

不同手术时间的腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体应激和免疫功能的影响

目的:研究腹腔镜手术时间对机体应激和免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2002年9月至2003年3月所行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)59例,按手术时间分为3组,手术时间≤30min为A组共16例, 30~60min为B组共26例, >60min为C组共17例。分别测定手术前及手术后第2天应激指标:C 反应蛋白(CRP)、静脉血糖(BG)、白介素- 6 (IL- 6 )、白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞比例(NEUT)和免疫指标:免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM、补体C3、C4。结果:不同时间组的腹腔镜胆囊切除术术后各应激和免疫指标之间差异无显著性(P>0. 05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除手术时间对机体应激和免疫功能的影响甚微。     

腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术对患者心肌酶谱的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术对患者心肌酶谱的影响。方法将纳入研究的96例需手术切除胆囊的病例依据患者选择分为LC组(48例)和OC组(48例),LC组采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC),OC组采用传统开腹胆囊切除术(OC),观察术后1、3天心肌酶谱(CK,LDH,CK-MB,HBDH)的变化。结果除LC组CK-MB降低外,术后第1天两组心肌酶谱较本组术前升高,CK、LDH差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05);术后第3天两组心肌酶谱均有明显恢复,但OC组CK仍高于术前(P 0. 05),HBDH升高但无显著性差异(P 0. 05)。术后第1天两组心肌酶谱CK、CK-MB、LDH差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05),HBDH无显著性差异(P 0. 05);术后第3天两组心肌酶谱CK、LDH、HBDH差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05),CKMB无显著性差异(P 0. 05)。结论 LC组与OC组手术均对心肌酶谱均有影响,OC组较LC组影响明显,且恢复慢,两组均对心肌没有明显的损伤。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除围手术期创伤应激、酸碱平衡和能量代谢

目的　研究腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)围手术期创伤应激激素水平、C反应蛋白和机体能量代谢与开腹胆囊切除术 (OC)的差异。　方法　慢性结石性胆囊炎患者 2 6例 (LC组 14例 ,OC组 12例 ) ,于术前 1d、术后 1d和 3d晨分别检测血C 反应蛋白 (CRP)、生长激素、皮质醇和胰岛素。同时测定静息能量消耗 (REE)和呼吸商 (RQ)。　结果　胰岛素在OC患者术后第 3天与术前比较有明显下降。生长激素、C 反应蛋白和皮质醇上升在OC术后明显高于LC(P <0 0 5 )。 2组患者静息能量消耗(REE)术后较术前显著增加 ,而术后OC患者REE明显高于LC患者 (P <0 0 5 )。 2组患者呼吸商(RQ)术后比较术前均有显著下降。LC组动脉血氧分压与氧饱和度术后 1d明显下降 ,第 3天恢复。LC组术后 3dBE明显高于OC组。　结论　腹腔镜手术创伤小 ,应激水平低 ,对患者代谢影响小 ,有益于机体应激激素、氮平衡和能量代谢的恢复。气腹可以引起体内酸血症和肺血灌流不足。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与开腹胆囊切除术免疫功能的比较

胆囊结石病人40例，择期手术分别行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）和开腹胆囊切除术（LC）各20例。测定手术前后血清白细胞介素-6（I－6），C-反应蛋白及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群改变，比较二种不同胆囊切除手术方式的手术创伤程度对机体免疫功能的影响。结果OC组术后12、24及48小时血清IL－6和CRP含量分别高于LC组（P＜0．05）。两组术后24小时CD4、CD4及CD4／CD8百分率有显著差异（P<0.05），72小时CD4、CD8及CD4／CD8比值相近（P＞0.05）。两组平均手术时间和切口长度有显著差异（P<0．05）。结果表明，OC手术创伤大，术后免疫功能改变明显，LC切口小，平均手术时间短是术后血清IL－6和CRP含量低及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群无明显改变的主要原因。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体炎症免疫反应的影响

目的:对比研究腹腔镜胆囊切除(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)和开腹胆囊切除术(open choleaptectomy,OC)对机体炎症免疫反应的影响.方法:检测胆囊结石患者(LC及OC各30例)术前、术后1 h、术后1 d、术后2 d的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、WBC计数、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)及白介素-6(IL-6)的变化并进行对比研究.IL-6值的检测用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),T细胞亚群用流式细胞仪检测.结果:OC组术后2 d,成熟T淋巴细胞(CD3)、辅助性T淋巴细胞(CD4)、CD4/抑制性T淋巴细胞(CD8)比值较术前下降(P<0.05),且同LC组相比较,OC组明显低于LC组(P<0.01).OC组术后1 d或/和术后2 d WBC计数、CRP、IL-6均较术前明显升高(P<0.01),且与LC组相比较,OC组明显高于LC组(P<0.01).结论:LC对机体炎症免疫反应影响小,有利于LC术后的恢复.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对甲状腺功能影响的观察

对比观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)和开腹胆囊切除术(OC)对甲状腺功能的影响。随机选择60例慢性胆囊炎并胆囊结石患者，分为三组，分别在全麻下施行LC和OC及硬膜外麻醉下行OC。于术前、术后3h、术后次日展采取静脉血标本，用放射免疫法测定血清总T3、T4、TSH浓度。结果：总T3、T4在3组间变化无显著性差异，而TSH在LC组术后无变化，在OC两组则显著降低，提示LC在一定程度上对甲状腺功能的影响较OC小，反映LC对机体的创伤应激反应减轻。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对慢性结石性胆囊炎患者免疫力和炎症应激反应的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)对慢性结石性胆囊炎患者免疫球蛋白和炎症因子水平的影响。方法选取2016-12—2018-12间镇平县人民医院实施胆囊切除术的78例慢性结石性胆囊炎患者。将行LC的患者作为观察组,将采取开腹手术的患者作为对照组,各39例。比较2组手术前后免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和M(IgM)水平及炎性因子白介素-6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平。结果观察组术后第1天、第5天血清IgG、IgM水平高于对照组,血清IL-6、hs-CRP水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 LC应用于慢性结石性胆囊炎患者,对机体免疫功能影响较小,术后炎症应激反应较低。     

腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术对急性结石性胆囊炎患者胃肠功能的影响

观察腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术对急性结石性胆囊炎患者胃肠功能影响的差异。100例急性结石性胆囊炎患者中80例行腹腔镜手术(LC组),20例行常规开腹胆囊切除术(OC组)。LC组手术后整体疼痛程度、术后平均住院时间及切口美容效果(切口长度)显著优于OC组(P0.05);LC组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气排便时间、进食时间显著短于OC组(P0.05),且手术后血清CRP水平低于OC组(P0.05)。相对于传统开腹手术,腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎术后疼痛更少,对机体损伤更小,对肠胃功能影响更轻,利于患者康复。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对胰岛β细胞功能的影响

目的　了解腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)对人胰岛 β细胞功能的影响。 方法　 40例择期在硬膜外阻滞麻醉下胆囊切除术病人 ,随机分为腹腔镜胆囊切除术组 (LC组 ,n =2 0 )和开腹胆囊切除术组 (OC组 ,n =2 0 )。分别于术前、气 (开 )腹后 2 0分钟、术毕 2 0分钟取血样 ,用放免法测定血浆胰岛素和C肽 ,用葡萄糖氧化酶 (GOD)法测定血糖。结果　气 (开 )腹后和术毕两组血糖均高于术前。以OC组增高明显 (P <0 0 1) ;LC组仅术毕 2 0分钟高于术前 (P <0 0 5 )。胰岛素、C肽和胰岛素 /血糖比 (I/G)∶LC组气腹后、术毕均略高于术前 (P >0 0 5 )。与术前比OC组胰岛素增加不明显 (P >0 0 5 )。C肽开腹后降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,术毕后升高 (P <0 0 5 )。I/G术毕略低于术前 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　LC应激反应轻于OC ,对胰岛 β细胞功能无明显影响。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对患者肝功能及C反应蛋白水平的影响

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）与开腹胆囊切除术（open cholecystectomy,OC）两种术式对患者肝功能的影响。方法：随机将慢性胆囊炎合并胆囊结石患者75例分为LC组40例,OC组35例,分别于术前及术后第1、3、5天抽取外周静脉血2ml,检测以下指标：血清总胆汁酸（TBA）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、血清总胆红素（TBIL）、γ-谷氨酸转肽酶（γ-GT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）以及C反应蛋白（CRP）。结果：LC组和OC组手术后第1天与第3天TBA、ALT、AST、TBIL及CRP均升高,LC组的CRP升高较OC组更加显著（P〈0.05）。手术后第5天两组各项指标均恢复至正常水平,两组无显著差异。结论：腹腔镜胆囊切除术与开腹胆囊切除术相比,对肝功能的影响无明显差异,实施腹腔镜胆囊切除术安全可行。     

Comparison of serum C-reactive protein concentrations for laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy

In an attempt to quantify the difference in tissue damage between open cholecystectomy (OC) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), we have compared in a prospective manner the pre- and postoperative concentrations of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in 17 patients undergoing LC and 13 patients undergoing OC. In addition, we measured the pre- and postoperative white blood cell counts (WBC), the postoperative body temperature, and the postoperative duration of hospitalization. There were no differences in the preoperative serum CRP concentrations—5.9±2.62 mg/l (mean±SD) for the LC group and 6.12±2.38 mg/l for the OC group.Serum CRP rose markedly following OC compared to that of patients who underwent LC (128.6±45.1 mg/l vs 26.8±10.5 mg/l) (P<0.001). There were also significant differences in the postoperative WBC count (14,000±2,900 cells for the OC group vs 10,600±3,000 cells for the LC group), the postoperative body temperature (37.5±0.3°C vs 37.0±0.3°C), and the postoperative hospital stay (5.5±1.5 days vs 1.9±0.9 days). There was no correlation between serum CRP concentrations and the other postoperative parameters.These results provide us with biochemical evidence supporting the clinical observation that LC is far less traumatic to the patient than OC.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对细胞因子、内皮素和C反应蛋白水平的影响

目的:探讨开腹与腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)2种方法对胆囊疾病患者血中细胞因子、内皮素和C反应蛋白的影响,比较两种方法对机体损伤的程度及安全性。方法:选择行剖腹胆囊切除术(OC)患者50例,LC患者50例,分别于术前和术后抽取静脉血检测IL-2、IL-6、NK细胞活性、CD4/CD8、内皮素、C反应蛋白含量并进行比较。结果:OC组IL-2和NK细胞活性术后较术前下降(P<0.05),IL-6术后较术前明显上升(P<0.01)。IL-6术后OC组较LC组上升(P<0.05)。OC组IL-2术后较LC组降低(P<0.05)。CD4/CD8未发现明显变化。OC组血中内皮素术后含量明显高于LC组患者(P<0.01),C反应蛋白于术后亦高于LC组。结论:研究表明LC损伤小,是一种安全可靠的手术方式。     

Systemic inflammation and immune response after laparotomy vs laparoscopy in patients with acute cholecystitis,complicated by peritonitis

AIM: To evaluate acute cholecystitis, complicated by peritonitis, acute phase response and immunological status in patients treated by laparoscopic or open approach. METHODS: From January 2002 to May 2012, we conducted a prospective randomized study on 45 consecutive patients (27 women, 18 men; mean age 58 years). These subjects were taken from a total of 681 patients who were hospitalised presenting similar preoperative findings: acute upper abdominal pain with tenderness, involuntary guarding under the right hypochondrium and/or in the flank; fever higher than 38 ℃, leukocytosis greater than 10 × 10 9 /L or both, and ultrasonographic evidence of calculous cholecystitis possibly complicated by peritonitis. These patients had undergone cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis,complicated by bile peritonitis. Randomly, 23 patients were assigned to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), and 22 patients to open cholecystectomy (OC). Blood samples were collected from all patients before operation and at days 1, 3 and 6 after surgery. Serum bacteraemia, endotoxaemia, white blood cells (WBCs), WBC subpopulations, human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), neutrophil elastase, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min, at 4, 6, 12, 24 h, and then daily (8 A.M.) until post-operative day 6.RESULTS: The two groups were comparable in the severity of peritoneal contamination as indicated by the viable bacterial count (open group = 90% of positive cultures vs laparoscopic group = 87%) and endotoxin level (open group = 33.21 ± 6.32 pg/mL vs laparoscopic group = 35.02 ± 7.23 pg/mL). Four subjects in the OC group (18.1%) and 1 subject (4.3%) in the LC group (P < 0.05) developed intra-abdominal abscess. Severe leukocytosis (range 15.8-19.6/mL) was observed only after OC but not after LC, mostly due to an increase in neutrophils (days 1 and 3, P < 0.05). This value returned to the normal range within 3-4 d after LC and 5-7 d after OC. Other WBC types and lymphocyte subpopulations showed no significant variation. On the first day after surgery, a statistically significant difference was observed in HLA-DR expression between LC (13.0 ± 5.2) and OC (6.0 ± 4.2) (P < 0.05). A statistically significant change in plasma elastase concentration was recorded post-operatively at days 1, 3, and 6 in patients from the OC group when compared to the LC group (P < 0.05). In the OC group, the serum levels of IL-1 and IL-6 began to increase considerably from the first to the sixth hour after surgery. In the LC group, the increase of serum IL-1 and IL-6 levels was delayed and the peak values were notably lower than those in the OC group. Significant differences between the groups, for these two cytokines, were observed from the second to the twenty-fourth hour (P < 0.05) after surgery. The mean values of serum CRP in the LC group on post-operative days (1 and 3) were also lower than those in the OC group (P < 0.05). Systemic concentration of endotoxin was higher in the OC group at all intra-operative sampling times, but reached significance only when the gallbladder was removed (OC group = 36.81 ± 6.4 ρg/mLvs LC group = 16.74 ± 4.1 ρg/mL, P < 0.05). One hour after surgery, microbiological analysis of blood cultures detected 7 different bacterial species after laparotomy, and 4 species after laparoscopy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: OC increased the incidence of bacteraemia, endotoxaemia and systemic inflammation compared with LC and caused lower transient immunological defense, leading to enhanced sepsis in the patients examined.     

腹腔镜肝癌切除术对患者术后临床康复和体液免疫影响的临床对照研究

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹肝癌切除术对患者临床康复和体液免疫功能的影响。方法选取2010年1月至2012年6月期间徐州医学院附属医院、江苏省肿瘤医院及南京中医药大学第二附属医院行腹腔镜及开腹肝癌左外叶切除术患者44例,其中腹腔镜组22例,常规开腹组22例。采用ELISA法测定患者术前1 d以及术后第l天和第5天外周血中IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C4、C反应蛋白（CRP）、IL-2、IL-6及TNF-α水平的变化,同时比较2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及并发症发生情况。结果腹腔镜组患者术后镇痛剂使用时间为（1.9±0.8）d,首次进食时间为（2.2±0.5）d,住院时间为（6.3±1.3）d,均短于开腹组（P〈0.05）,但2组间的手术时间、术中失血量、并发症发生率及死亡率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。与术前相比,术后第1天2组患者的C3、C4、lgA、IgG、lgM和IL-2均明显降低（P〈0.05）,CRP、IL-6及TNF-α均明显升高（P〈0.05）;开腹组患者术后第l天的C3、C4、lgA、IgG、lgM和IL-2的下降幅度较腹腔镜组更明显（P〈0.05）。术后第5天,腹腔镜组患者的C3、C4、lgA、IgG、lgM及IL-2水平上升和CRP、IL-6及TNF-α水平下降并均接近术前水平;而开腹组患者的C3、C4、lgA、IgG、lgM及IL-2仍低于术前水平（P〈0.05）,CRP、IL-6及TNF-α仍仍高于术前水平（P〈0.05）。结论腹腔镜肝癌切除术后患者的恢复较快,且对患者机体体液免疫功能的影响小于开腹肝癌切除术。     

Inflammatory response in open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy

The modifications of IL-6. CRP, ceruloplasmin, alpha 1 antitrypsin, fibrinogen, transferrin, albumin and leukocytes counts have been evaluated after traditional open cholecystectomy (OC) or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Forty-two patients were included in this study, 20 underwent to OC and 22 underwent to LC. Serum samples were performed before surgery and at distance of 6, 24, 48 and 168 hours. The results show a more significant increase in acute phase inflammatory response after OC compared with LC as attested by highest values of leukocytosis, IL-6, CRP, fibrinogen and alpha 1 antitrypsin and lower levels of albumin. In conclusion, after LC, the phase acute response is attenuate and it can explain the reduced period of convalescence of patients treated with LC.