慢性病毒性肝炎的基因治疗

本文综述了近年来有关反义寡核苷酸、核酶、显性失活突变、ＤＮＡ疫苗等基因治疗技术治疗慢性病毒性肝炎的国外研究新进展。     

乙型病毒性肝炎的基因治疗

近年来乙型病毒性肝炎基因治疗的研究取得 了很大的进步,本文就反义RNA、核酶、反基因、基因免疫等技术及基因治疗的肝脏靶向性几个方面的研究进展作一综述。     

慢性乙型病毒性肝炎抗病毒的基因治疗进展

全世界约有3．5亿人为现症慢性乙型病毒性肝炎（CHB）患者,而我国的慢性无症状HBV携带者可能超过1．2亿其中15％～40％的慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者在一生中可能会发生严重并发症（肝癌、肝硬化、肝衰竭）。严重威胁着人类的健康。随着分子生物学的发展,基因治疗已成为目前研究的热点,如反义寡核苷酸、核酶、脱氧核酶技术、小干扰RNA等,在抗病毒的研究中已显示出可观前景。     

基因疫苗预防乙型、丙型病毒性肝炎的研究现状

基因疫苗已成为疫苗研究领域中的热点之一，基因疫苗不仅能预防疾病，还可作为治疗用疫苗来治疗一些复杂难治的疾病，例如病毒性肝炎和癌症等。但是，基因疫苗的历史毕竟很短．实验结果均来自动物，在用于人体之前还有许多工作必须完成。本文仅将基因疫苗的特点及其在病毒性肝炎领域中的研究现状综述如下。     

加强病毒性肝炎发病的分子生物学机制研究

近30年来，分子生物学理论和技术的迅猛发展，为阐明病毒性肝炎的发病机制带来了前所未有的机遇。从分子生物学的角度来说，病毒性肝炎的发病机制就是肝炎病毒生物大分子与肝细胞生物大分子之间的相互作用机制^[1]。从这一角度上来说，病毒性肝炎实际上也是一种广义上的“基因病”，这也是我们进行病毒性肝炎的基因治疗研究的重要理论基础。病毒性肝炎的基因治疗，究竟要在什么程度和速度上造福于病毒性肝炎患者，主要取决于2个方面的进展，其一是基因治疗整体技术的进展，其二是我们对于病毒性肝炎发病的分子生物学机制认识的深入程度^[2]。     

病毒性肝炎研究的若干热点：第四届上海国际肝癌肝炎会议介绍之一

20 0 0年 9月 2 3日至 2 6日在上海国际会议中心举行了主题为“二十一世纪的肝脏病学 (ＬｉｖｅｒＤｉｓｅａｓｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＮｅｗＭｉｌｌｅｎ ｎｉｕｍ )”的第四届上海国际肝癌肝炎会议暨第二届程思远肝炎研究基金会学术会议。大会组委会邀请了国内外著名肝病专家做专题报告。本文就大会涉及的病毒性肝炎研究的若干热点结合国内外最新相关文献简要介绍如下。一、丙型肝炎病毒 (ＨＣＶ)目前丙型肝炎的标准疗法为干扰素加利巴韦林。最近罗氏制药厂开发出聚乙二醇化的重组α2 干扰素 (Ｐｅｇｅｙｓ) ,在体内保留时间长 ,半衰期 90ｈ ,每周…     

反义核酸技术与抗病毒基因治疗

反义核酸技术与抗病毒基因治疗姚志强，周永兴综述核酸是生命体的核心物质，与基因组ＤＮＡ／ＲＮＡ互补的核酸称反义核酸，包括反义ＲＮＡ、反义ＤＮＡ和Ｒｉｂｏｚｙｍｅ三大技术领域。目前应用于研究的反义核酸一般指合成的反义寡核苷酸（ａｎｔｉｓｅｎｓｅｏｌｉｇｏ...     

Current status of gene therapy for hemophilia

The hemophilias are an attractive model for gene therapy because their clinical manifestations are attributable to the lack of a single protein that circulates in minute amounts in the plasma. Sustained therapeutic expression of factors VIII and IX has been achieved in preclinical studies using a wide range of gene transfer technologies targeted at different tissues. This achievement has led to six different phase I/II clinical trials that resulted in limited efficacy but minimal toxicity. Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors appear most promising for hemophilia gene therapy; however, this review summarizes all the major gene therapy approaches used and outlines the future challenges.     

Current status and prospects for gene therapy

Gene therapy is a new and exciting therapeutic concept that offers the promise of cure for an array of inherited, malignant and infectious disorders. After years of failure, substantial progress in the efficiency of gene-transfer technology has recently resulted in impressive clinical success in infants with immunodeficiency. Two of these children have, however, subsequently developed leukaemia as a result of insertional mutagenesis, raising concerns about the safety of genetic therapeutics. The purpose of this article is to review the current status of gene therapy in light of recent successes and tragedies, and to consider the challenges faced by this relatively new field.     

Current status of vaccine therapy for hepatitis c infection

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects approximately 3% of the world’s population and nearly 3 million people in the United States. After a usually silent acute phase, chronic infection develops in 50% to 85% of patients and leads to progressive liver injury in 10% to 30% of patients over 10 to 30 years. HCV infection is the leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States. The mechanisms by which HCV establishes persistence in the human host remain an area of active investigation. Since the initial cloning of HCV, much progress has been made in our understanding of the HCV life cycle, immunological determinants in the outcome of HCV infection, and technical approaches relevant to vaccine development. In natural infection, HCV-specific T-cell response correlates strongly with HCV clearance, whereas neutralizing antibody response does not. However, both humoral and cellular components of the adaptive immune response (supplemented by innate immune activation) will likely be required for a successful vaccine approach. This review will discuss aspects of HCV, protective immunity, various considerations regarding HCV vaccine development, and vaccine approaches currently in development.     

Current status of gene therapy for rheumatoid arthritis

Gene therapy offers great possibilities for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Traditional surgical and pharmaceutical methods of treating RA have met with limited therapeutic success and have failed to produce a cure, but the past several years have seen extensive progress toward development of a gene therapy for arthritis. Numerous vectors and therapeutic genes have been investigated in animal models of arthritis, and the potential of gene therapy to treat or manage RA has been demonstrated in several clinical studies. Gene therapy offers the possibility of overcoming many of the limitations of current biologic therapies by providing long-term, high-level localized expression of therapeutic genes, potentially in as little as a single dose. In this review, we explore the advances in gene therapy for RA and summarize the recent preclinical and clinical data. In addition, we provide an overview of vectors and targets for RA gene therapy.     

帕金森病基因治疗研究现状

帕金森病（Parkinson＇s disease,PD）是一种常见的以黑质纹状体多巴胺能神经元变性为主要病理特征的神经退行性疾病,因为其病变部位局限,受累神经元相对单一,因此,PD被认为是最适合进行基因治疗的神经疾病之一。为了较系统了解PD基因治疗的研究现状,我们以“Parkinson＇s disease AND gene therapy”为关键词     

病毒性肝炎并发心脏病变的研究现状

病毒性肝炎是由多种肝炎病毒引起的以肝脏损害为主的传染病,临床以疲乏、食欲减退、肝肿大、肝功能异常为主要表现,慢性重型肝炎是在原有慢性肝病基础上又发生肝细胞广泛坏死,肝功能严重障碍,并伴有严重代谢紊乱及大量毒性物质在体内积蓄,导致肝细胞再生无望,有时还可引起肝外脏器和组织病变,主要表现为内分泌紊乱、肾脏、心脏和血液系统病变,死亡率高达80％～90％。其中重型肝炎并发心脏病变正日益受到人们重视,现对病毒性肝炎并发心脏病变进行探讨。     

病毒性肝炎的现代中医辨病辨证概况

我国自20世纪50年代开展中医药治疗病毒性肝炎的临床研究,至今已经走过了半个世纪的漫长历程,积累了丰富的经验,取得了丰硕的成果。有资料表明,目前我国有80％以上的肝病患者接受过和正在接受中医药治疗,而我国发表的抗肝纤维化的论文有80％以上为中医药研究论文,而80％以上的常用护肝药为中药或中药提取物制剂。