超声破坏微泡联合粒细胞集落刺激因子促进大鼠心肌血管新生的实验研究

目的 探讨超声破坏微泡联合粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)促进大鼠心肌血管新生的有效性.方法 40只健康成年Wistar大鼠随机分为4组.A组在超声微泡治疗前一天行G-CSF皮下注射预处理;B组仅行超声微泡治疗;C组仅行G-CSF皮下注射;D组为对照.于治疗后2周取材,HE染色光镜观察心肌结构变化,免疫组化法检测心肌组织中VEGF及CD34表达,评定心肌血管新生疗效.结果 A组心肌中有大量VEGF和CD34表达,新生血管较多;B组心肌中有部分VEGF和CD34表达,新生血管相对较少;C组及D组仅有极少量VEGF和CD34表达,未见明显新生血管.结论 超声微泡可刺激心肌内源性VEGF分泌,促进心肌血管新生,G-CSF能明显增强其血管新生作用.     

Antitumor Effect of Docetaxel‐Loaded Lipid Microbubbles Combined With Ultrasound‐Targeted Microbubble Activation on VX2 Rabbit Liver Tumors

Objective. The purpose of the study was to explore the antitumor effect of docetaxel‐loaded lipid microbubbles combined with ultrasound‐targeted microbubble activation (UTMA) on VX2 rabbit liver tumors. Methods. Docetaxel‐loaded lipid microbubbles were made by a mechanical vibration technique. VX2 liver tumor models were established in 90 rabbits, which were randomly divided into 6 groups, including control, docetaxal‐loaded lipid microbubbles alone, docetaxal alone, docetaxal combined with ultrasound, pure lipid microbubbles combined with ultrasound, and docetaxel‐loaded lipid microbubbles combined with ultrasound (DOC+MB/US). The tumor volume and inhibition rate (IR) of tumor growth were calculated and compared. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxyuridine nick end labeling. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Caspase 3 and MMP2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was detected by in situ hybridization histochemistry. The tumor metastasis rate and survival time of the animals were compared. Results. The IR and apoptotic index of the DOC+MB/US group were the highest among all groups, and the proliferating labeling index was the lowest. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 protein and mRNA expression in the DOC+MB/US group was the lowest among all groups, and caspase 3 mRNA expression in the DOC+MB/US group was the highest. The extensive metastasis rate in the DOC+MB/US group was the lowest, and the survival time of the animals in the DOC+MB/US group was the longest. Conclusions. Docetaxel‐loaded lipid microbubbles combined with UTMA could inhibit the growth of VX2 rabbit liver tumors by deferring proliferation and promoting apoptosis, which may provide a novel targeted strategy for chemotherapy of liver carcinoma.     

Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction Accelerates Angiogenesis and Ameliorates Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Failure of coronary recanalization within 12 h or no flow in the myocardium after percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with high mortality from myocardial infarction, and insufficient angiogenesis in the border zone results in the expansion of infarct area. In this study, we examined the effects of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) on angiogenesis and left ventricular dysfunction in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Fifty-four mice with MI were treated with no UTMD, ultrasound (US) alone or UTMD four times (days 1, 3, 5 and 7), and another 18 mice underwent sham operation and therapy. Therapeutic US was generated with a linear transducer connected to a commercial diagnostic US system (VINNO70). UTMD was performed with the VINNO70 at a peak negative pressure of 0.8 MPa and lipid microbubbles. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed on the first and seventh days. The results indicated that UTMD decreased the infarct size ratio from 78.1 ± 5.3% (untreated) to 43.3 ± 6.4%, accelerated angiogenesis and ameliorated left ventricular dysfunction. The ejection fraction increased from 25.05 ± 8.52% (untreated) to 42.83 ± 9.44% (UTMD). Compared with that in other groups, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase and release of nitric oxide were significantly upregulated after UTMD treatment, indicating angiogenesis. Therefore, UTMD is a potential physical approach in the treatment of myocardial infarction.     

抗内皮细胞黏附分子-1靶向微泡介导hAng-1基因转染治疗兔心肌缺血的实验研究

目的 探讨应用抗心肌内皮细胞粘附分子-1（ICAM-1）靶向微泡能否提高血管生成素-1基因在缺血心肌中的转染效率.方法 体外实验检测抗ICAM-1靶向微泡与经人白细胞介素-1β刺激后的ECV304细胞结合的程度.体内实验分三组：①对照组：hAng-1基因＋超声照射;②非靶向微泡组：携hAng-1基因微泡＋超声照射;③靶向微泡组：携hAng-1基因的抗ICAM-1靶向微泡＋超声照射.制作兔急性心梗模型,分别用上述三种方法从静脉导入hAng-1基因.2周后心肌造影检测梗死心肌灌注状况聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测hAng-1基因的mRNA表达以评价转染疗效.结果 携抗ICAM-1抗体的微泡在体外能大量靶向结合到产生炎性反应的ECV304细胞周边.应用靶向微泡转染2周后,左室内径减小,射血分数升高,但与非靶向微泡比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而心肌造影显示心肌内造影剂填充量较非靶向微泡组增多,且 RT-PCR定量灰度分析hAng-1mRNA（1.04±0.08）高于非靶向微泡组（0.53±0.04）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.结论 微泡与抗ICAM-1抗体连接后形成靶向微泡载体,可明显提高hAng-1基因在体内的转染效率,增加心肌梗死后局部的血管新生效应.     

超声辐照微泡促骨髓间充质干细胞修复大鼠急性肾损伤的实验研究

目的探讨超声辐照靶向破坏微泡促骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）修复大鼠急性肾小管坏死的作用。 方法选择40只SD大鼠构建急性肾小管坏死模型。将制备成功的40只急性肾小管坏死大鼠随机分为4组：单纯模型组、1.0 W/cm²超声辐照+微泡组（1.0 US+MB组）、干细胞组（MSCs组）、1.0 W/cm²超声辐照+微泡+干细胞组（1.0 US+MB+MSCs组）,每组各10只。1.0 US+MB组、1.0 US+MB+MSCs组大鼠均以强度为1.0 W/cm²及频率为1 MHz的超声辐照肾脏组织,并尾静脉输入0.5 ml造影剂,密度约为1.0×10⁸个/ml,辐照5 s,停5 s,共1 min。在急性肾小管坏死模型建立后第1天及第3天分别辐照1次。1.0 US+MB+MSCs组大鼠最后一次超声辐照完毕后1 min内经股静脉注入MSCs1 ml（密度为2.0×10⁶个/ml）。同时MSCs组大鼠经股静脉注入MSCs1 ml（密度为2.0×10⁶个/ml）。单纯模型组不做任何处理。MSCs移植7 d后将各组大鼠处死并取材,采用Western印迹法测定各组大鼠肾组织肝细胞生长因子（HGF）及表皮生长因子（EGF）蛋白表达并进行定量分析,采用HE染色观察各组大鼠肾小管坏死情况并进行评分。采用单因素方差分析比较单纯模型组、1.0 US+MB组、MSCs组、1.0 US+MB+MSCs组大鼠HGF蛋白表达水平、EGF蛋白表达水平、肾小管上皮细胞坏死评分差异,进一步组间两两比较采用SNK-q检验。 结果Western印迹结果显示,HGF在各组相对分子质量为84 000处均有特异性条带,EGF在各组相对分子质量为6 000处均有特异性条带,其中1.0 US+MB+MSCs组的条带最为明显。单纯模型组、1.0 US+MB组、MSCs组、1.0 US+MB+MSCs组大鼠HGF蛋白表达水平分别为0.16±0.30、0.35±0.50、0.37±0.50、0.70±0.60,EGF蛋白表达水平分别为0.19±0.40、0.41±0.50、0.43±0.50、0.82±0.70,肾小管上皮细胞坏死评分分别为（4.1±0.8）、（3.6±0.6）、（1.8±0.4）、（1.0±0.3）分。1.0 US+MB+MSCs组大鼠HGF蛋白、EGF蛋白表达水平均高于单纯模型组、1.0 US+MB组及MSCs组大鼠,且差异均有统计学意义（HGF蛋白：q值分别为23.6、18.7、9.6;EGF蛋白：q值分别为21.8、17.1、9.3;均P<0.05);1.0 US+MB+MSCs组大鼠肾小管坏死评分低于单纯模型组、1.0 US+MB组及MSCs组大鼠,且差异均有统计学意义（q值分别为20.1、16.7、6.9,均P<0.05),提示1.0US+MB+MSCs组大鼠肾小管修复情况优于其他各组大鼠。 结论1.0 W/cm²超声辐照微泡促进MSCs归巢并修复急性肾小管坏死,可为急性肾小管坏死提供一种新型的干细胞移植治疗方法。     

彩色编码参数量化技术结合靶向微泡造影剂评价干细胞移植后微血管新生

目的 探讨彩色编码参数量化(parametric quantification,PQ)技术结合靶向造影剂评价干细胞移植治疗兔急性心肌梗死(AMI)的微血管新生效应.方法 制备携CD34单克隆抗体靶向微泡超声造影剂.新西兰大白兔80只,分别于AMI前、AMI后3d、干细胞移植术后4周进行心肌超声造影(MCE),采用PQ技术对比各组干细胞移植前后梗死区域色差评分及心肌灌注参数(A、β和A×β).移植4周后行CD34抗体免疫组化检测微血管密度(MVD).结果 普通造影剂组(T+C组)及靶向造影剂组(T+T组)干细胞移植后各心肌节段的PI色差评分(P＜0.05)及A、β和A×β值(P＜0.01)均较本组内移植前改善.实验组干细胞移植后MVD均较对照组增加(P＜0.01),T+T组增加最为明显(P＜0.05).T+C组A×β值与MVD具有相关性(r=0.658,P＜0.05),T+T组β和A×β与MVD具有相关性(r=0.620,0.859,P均＜0.05),A×β(X)与MVD(Y)建立回归方程Y=-130.986+ 34.505X (R 2=0.556,P＜0.05).结论 PQ技术结合靶向微泡造影剂对无创评价干细胞移植后微血管新生具有一定的价值.     

超声微泡介导血管内皮生长因子基因转染大鼠阴茎组织

目的 探讨超声靶向破坏微泡介导血管内皮生长因子165(VEGF₁₆₅)转染于高脂模型大鼠阴茎海绵体组织的可行性。方法 以含4％胆固醇及1％胆酸饲料饲养36只2月龄雄性SD大鼠3个月,建立大鼠高脂模型,将其随机均分为高脂模型组(对照组)、VEGF₁₆₅组和1.0 W/cm²超声+微泡+VEGF₁₆₅组(US+MB＋VEGF₁₆₅组)。于基因转染后7天处死大鼠,采用荧光定量PCR检测VEGF₁₆₅基因表达水平,以Western Blot检测大鼠阴茎组织VEGF蛋白质的表达水平,用免疫组织化学法(IHC)检测大鼠阴茎组织内皮型一氧化氮合成酶(eNOS)蛋白质表达。结果 转基因7天后,US+MB＋VEGF₁₆₅组VEGF₁₆₅基因水平明显高于VEGF₁₆₅组及对照组(P均<0.05),其阴茎海绵体组织VEGF蛋白质表达较VEGF₁₆₅组及对照组增加(P均<0.05);IHC结果显示,US+MB＋VEGF₁₆₅组大鼠阴茎组织eNOS较其他组高表达(P均<0.05)。结论 超声靶向破坏微泡可介导VEGF₁₆₅基因在大鼠高脂模型阴茎海绵体组织的高效转移,为基因治疗高脂勃起功能障碍提供了实验依据。     

超声击破造影剂微泡阻断正常肝血流灌注的造影观察

目的 采用视觉评分方法分析微泡增强的超声空化阻断兔正常肝血流灌注后的恢复情况.方法 健康新西兰兔24只,分为超声微泡组、单纯超声组及假照组.超声微泡组经兔耳缘静脉推注脂质微泡联合超声辐照兔肝,单纯超声组以生理盐水代替微泡,假照组超声假照.各组治疗前及治疗后0 min、15 min、30 min、45 min、60 min和24 h对兔肝进行超声造影,视觉评分分析各时间点造影灌注峰值灰阶变化.结果 各组治疗前肝血流灌注比较,视觉评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);超声微泡组的治疗前造影血流灌注评分显著优于治疗后0 min、15 min两个时间点,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但与治疗后30 min、45 min、60 min、24 h视觉评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而单纯超声组、假照组的治疗前后各时间点之间超声造影评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 微泡增强的超声空化具有显著的暂时性阻断兔肝实质血流作用.     

超声声致孔隙效应增强兔前列腺组织通透性的研究

目的 探讨超声联合造影剂微泡的超声声致孔隙效应开放血-前列腺屏障,提高前列腺组织通透性的可行性.方法 15只健康8月龄性成熟新西兰兔,随机分为单纯微泡组、单纯超声组、超声联合微泡辐照组,超声直接辐照前列腺,荧光显微镜、体视显微镜、伊文思蓝(EB)示踪观察前列腺组织通透性的变化.结果 体视显微镜下超声联合微泡辐照组前列腺组织可见蓝色EB分布于前列腺包膜,部分EB渗透到腺体实质,腺体呈均匀蓝染,单纯超声组及单纯微泡组EB均分布于包膜,腺体实质部分渗透不明显.单纯超声组、单纯微泡组、超声联合微泡辐照组前列腺冰冻切片均可见红色EB荧光分布;经苏木素复染后可见超声联合微泡辐照组腺体管腔内有EB荧光,而单纯超声组、单纯微泡组均未见管腔内红色EB荧光;超声联合微泡辐照组前列腺EB平均浓度较单纯超声组、单纯微泡组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),单纯微泡组及单纯超声组EB浓度均值未见显著差异(P>0.05).结论 超声联合造影剂微泡的超声声致孔隙效应可以有效开放血-前列腺屏障,明显提高兔前列腺组织通透性.     

超声辐射微泡配合内皮祖细胞移植治疗糖尿病大鼠阴茎勃起功能障碍

目的探讨超声微泡配合内皮祖细胞(EPCs)移植至海绵体组织治疗大鼠糖尿病阴茎勃起功能障碍的可行性。方法体外培养、分离EPCs。将54只成功建立糖尿病勃起功能障碍模型的SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、EPCs治疗组、1.0W/cm2超声+微泡+EPCs组(US+MB+EPCs治疗组)。EPCs移植7天后,以脱水吗啡(APO)诱导实验检测大鼠阴茎勃起次数和勃起率,组织学观察阴茎海绵体,计数毛细血管数目,计算血管密度,免疫组化检测EPCs移植大鼠阴茎海绵体的情况,Western blot检测VEGF蛋白的表达。结果 US+MB+EPCs治疗组勃起次数和勃起率、毛细血管密度、EPCs染色强度的阳性指数均高于其他两组(P均<0.05),且VEGF蛋白表达水平最高(P<0.05)。结论超声微泡联合EPCs移植可提高EPCs的转染率和靶向性,改善糖尿病大鼠的阴茎勃起功能。     

超声击破微泡效应抑制兔VX_2肿瘤生长的实验研究

目的 探讨超声击破微泡效应抑制兔VX_2肿瘤生长的可行性.方法 21只移植有皮下VX_2肿瘤的新西兰大白兔,随机分为超声微泡治疗组、单纯超声组和假照组.经静脉注射脂质微泡的同时,脉冲式聚焦超声直接辐照肿瘤区域.单纯超声组和假照组分别用5 ml生理盐水和超声假照替代,每次10 min,每隔72 h治疗一次,采集各时间点肿瘤二维声像图和超声造影影像,测量肿瘤切面最大直径.结果 在30 d的实验周期内,微泡超声治疗组、单纯超声组和假照组的肿瘤平均直径分别从(1.1±0.1)cm、(1.2±0.1)cm、(1.2±0.1)cm生长至(2.1±0.5)cm、(3.0±0.9)cm、(3.4±0.7)cm,微泡超声治疗组肿瘤直径明显小于另两组.结论 超声击破微泡效应可阻断肿瘤微循环,有一定的抑制肿瘤生长作用.     

Ultrasound-Mediated Microbubble Cavitation Transiently Reverses Acute Hindlimb Tissue Ischemia through Augmentation of Microcirculation Perfusion via the eNOS/NO Pathway

Ultrasound-mediated microbubble cavitation improves perfusion in chronic limb and myocardial ischemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ultrasound-mediated microbubble cavitation in acute limb ischemia and investigate the mechanism of action. The animal with acute hindlimb ischemia was established using male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: intermittent high-mechanical-index ultrasound pulses combined with microbubbles (ultrasound [US] + MB group), US alone (US group) and MB alone (MB group). Both hindlimbs were treated for 10 min. Contrast ultrasound perfusion imaging of both hindlimbs was performed immediately and 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min after treatment. The role of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway in increasing blood flow in acutely ischemic tissue was evaluated by inhibiting endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) with N^ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). In the US + MB group, microvascular blood volume and microvascular blood flow of the ischemic hindlimb were significantly increased after treatment (both p values <0.05), while the microvascular flux rate (β) increased, but not significantly (p > 0.05). The increases were observed immediately after treatment, and had dissipated by 25 min. Changes in the US and MB groups were minimal. Inhibitory studies indicated cavitation increased phospho-eNOS concentration in ischemic hindlimb muscle tissue, and the increase was significantly inhibited by L-NAME (p < 0.05). Ultrasound-mediated microbubble cavitation transiently increases local perfusion in acutely ischemic tissue, mainly by improving microcirculatory perfusion. The eNOS/NO signaling pathway appears to be an important mediator of the effect.     

携抗ICAM-1靶向微泡定向转染Ang-1基因治疗急性心肌梗死的实验研究

目的 探讨携抗ICAM-1的靶向微泡定向转染基因至心肌细胞的能力及其作为新型载体治疗急性心肌梗死的可行性.方法 37只家兔制备急性心肌梗死模型.3只经耳缘静脉注射携ICAM-1抗体靶向微泡,心肌组织冷冻切片后观察其对受损血管内皮的吸附.余34只兔随机分为3组:IM组(心肌注射Ang-1基因组)、ICAM-1组(注射携抗ICAM-1靶向微泡+Ang-1基因组)、对照组(空白对照),于基因转染前后分别行常规超声心动图检查,处死后取心肌组织及ICAM-1组家兔肝、肾组织行RT-PCR及Western-Blot分别检测目的 基因及蛋白表达;免疫组化Ⅷ因子染色检测其新生毛细血管密度.结果 IM组、ICAM-1组基因转染后2周左室射血分数(LVEF)均较转染前显著提高(P＜0.05),其中IM组及ICAM-1组之间差异无统计学意义;IM组及ICAM-1组行RT-PCR及Western-Blot均可检测出目的 基因及蛋白表达,且两组之间表达量差异无统计学意义;对照组及ICAM-1组肝肾组织未见明显Ang-1 mRNA及蛋白表达.心肌组织Ⅷ因子染色后高倍镜下显示IM组及ICAM-1组均可见大量新生毛细血管,其中相对于ICAM-1组,IM组新生毛细血管计数更高.结论 携抗ICAM-1的靶向微泡可定向转染Ang-1基因至心肌细胞,其转染效率与目前认为最高效的心肌内注射基因的转染效率近似,可作为新型靶向载体定向转染血管新生基因,对急性心肌梗死具有治疗作用.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the capability of Ang-1 gene delivery to acute myocardial infarction using targeted microbubbles carrying ICAM-1 antibody.Methods Thirty-seven rabbits' left circumfles branch coronary arteries were ligated for models.Three rabbits were injected with microbubbles carrying ICAM-1 to detect the ability of targeting.Thirty-four rabbit models were divided into 3 groups randomly as follow:IM group (n=12,accept direct intramuscular injection),ICAM-1 group (n=12,accept intravenous injection of targeted microbubbles and Ang-1) and control group (n=10,without any treatment).Ultrasonography were executed on all animals before and 2 weeks after the treatment.All rabbits were killed after 2 weeks and examined for Ang-1 mRNA and protein by RT-PCR and Western-Blot respectively.Microvessel density (MVD) counting of infracted myocardium,observed by factor Ⅷ immunochemical staining,was performed to value the proangiogenesis effect of Ang-1 delivered by targeted microbubbles carrying ICAM-1 antibody.The liver and the kidney in ICAM-1 group were taken to assess the systemic delivery.Results IM and ICAM-1 group showed significantly improvement in the ejection fraction (P＜0.05) while control group did not.Ang-1 mRNA and protein could be detected in IM and ICAM-1 group;however,the expression between the two groups showed no siginificant difference.None of the control animals showed Ang-1 expression.compared with ICAM-1 group,the MVD was greater in IM group.Ang-1 was not detected either in liver or in kidney in ICAM-1 group.Conclusions Targeted microbubbles carrying ICAM-1 antibody can deliver Ang-1 gene to ischemic myocardium directly.Meanwhile,it's as effective as IM injections besides the greater angiogenesis effect.This strategy improves the perfusion of acute myocardial infarction and the function of heart.     

超声靶向破坏微泡介导骨髓间充质干细胞移植促进大鼠血管新生

目的 探讨超声破坏微泡介导骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)移植在大鼠缺血骨骼肌中的作用. 方法 24只Wister大鼠离断右侧股动脉7 d后分为4组:①超声+微泡组(US+MB);②干细胞静脉移植组(MSCs-iv);③超声+微泡+干细胞静脉移植组(US+MB+MSCs-iv);④对照组.处理后第7 d取局部缺血骨骼肌行免疫组化检测. 结果 US+MB+MSCs-iv组缺血骨骼肌可见较多移植的MSCs,其新生血管数量较其他组明显增加. 结论 超声靶向破坏微泡有可能成为一种增强MSCs移植和促进血管新生的新方法 .     

超声破坏微泡对大鼠皮肤创面愈合影响的实验研究

目的 探讨超声破坏微泡(声诺维)对大鼠皮肤创面愈合的影响.方法 96只SD大鼠建立皮肤创面模型后随机分成4组:超声破坏微泡组、单纯微泡组、单纯超声组和对照组.超声破坏微泡组经鼠尾静脉注射微泡造影剂0.5 ml,同时用声强度1 MHz、2.0 W/cm2超声辐照3 min单纯微泡组经鼠尾静脉注射微泡造影剂0.5 ml;单纯超声组经鼠尾静脉注射生理盐水0.5 ml,同样条件超声辐照3 min对照组经鼠尾静脉注射生理盐水0.5 ml.于创伤后第1、3、5、7、14、21 d利用HE染色和免疫组化方法 观察各组创面肉芽组织生长及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的情况.结果 HE染色:伤后第7 d,超声破坏微泡组肉芽组织明显比其他3组厚,新生毛细血管均垂直于创面生长,其他3组毛细血管排列紊乱.免疫组化观察VEGF表达变化:超声破坏微泡组在第3 d形成表达高峰,其他3组表达高峰在第5～7 d.结论 超声破坏微泡可以提高大鼠背部皮肤的创面愈合质量;新生肉芽组织成熟早,创面愈合加速.超声破坏微泡时产生的高温、高压及某些化学效应可以刺激内源性VEGF分泌,促进血管生成,从而促进创面愈合.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of microbubble(Sono Vue) destruction with ultrasound on wound healing in rats. Methods Total 96 SD rats were accepted one rounded whole-layer skin incision on back each other and randomly divided into four groups:microbubble destruction with ultrasound(US + MB),microbubble(MB), ultrasound(US) and control group. Rats in US + MB group were injected with 0.5 ml microbubble contrast agent via tail vein,and then ultrasound irradiated for 3 minutes immediately. MB group were injected with 0.5 ml microbubble contrast agent. US group were injected with 0.5 ml physiological saline,and then ultrasound irradiated for 3 minutes immediately under the same condition. Control group were injected with 0.5 ml physiological saline. Feed each rat in single cage. On day 1,3,5,7,14 and 21 after wound creation,the excised wound tissues were analyzed by histology and VEGF expression in wounds by immunohistochemistry. Results HE staining: On day 7, wounds of US + MB group displayed the most accumulation of granulation tissue and all new capillaries were perpendicular to the wound surface, but the new capillaries of other 3 groups were disordered. Immunohistochemical examination of VEGF expression:the peak expression appeared on day 3 in US + MB group, other 3 groups were on day 5 to day 7.Conclusions US + MB treatment could improve the quality of wound healing and granulation tissues were maturated earlier than MB, US treatment and control group, which could accelerate wound healing. High temperature,high pressure and some kind of chemistry effecs induced by microbubble destruction with ultrasound can stimulate the secretion of endogenous VEGF, which may be the mechanism of promoting angiogenesis and wound healing.     

Augmentation of cardiac protein delivery using ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction

Gas-filled microbubbles have become an important tool as ultrasonic contrast agents. We have previously shown that ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) can direct plasmids to the heart. The aim of this study was to evaluate UTMD for protein delivery. Six different groups of rats received 1 microg of luciferase protein with varying protocols: (1) luciferase-loaded microbubbles and ultrasound; (2) luciferase only; (3) luciferase and ultrasound; (4) luciferase-loaded microbubbles; (5) unloaded microbubbles incubated with luciferase and ultrasound; (6) unloaded microbubbles with ultrasound followed by luciferase. Relative luminescence units per mg protein per s were determined in hearts and control organs. The rats that received ultrasound and luciferase-loaded bubbles showed a six-fold higher cardiac luciferase uptake compared with control groups that did not include bubbles. None of the other groups significantly augmented cardiac luciferase activity. We conclude that ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction can substantially and noninvasively augment organ-specific delivery of proteins.     

超声微泡联合双特异性抗体对骨髓间充质干细胞干预心肌纤维化的实验研究

目的 探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)在超声辐照微泡(MB)和双特异抗体(BiAb)的辅助下干预心肌纤维化的效果及可能机制.方法 在MB的辅助下,将雄性小鼠MSCs与BiAb输入异丙肾性心肌纤维化雌性小鼠(MSCs+BiAb+MB组).BiAb由能识别间充质干细胞的anti-CD29和能特异性结合损伤心肌的抗肌凝蛋白轻链抗体(AMLCA)制备.另设未治疗组、单纯MSCs组、单纯BiAb组、单纯MB组、MSCs+BiAb组和正常对照组.5周后处死小鼠,实时荧光定量PCR检测心肌Y染色体鉴别基因(SRY)的表达.天狼猩红染色对比心脏胶原纤维含量.免疫组织化学染色法观察心脏热休克蛋白-70(HSP-70)表达.结果 MSCs归巢数最多的是MSCs+BiAb+MB组,其次为MSCs+BiAb组,MSCs组归巢数最少.与未治疗组相比,MSCs+BiAb+MB组、MSCs+BiAb组和单纯MCSs组的心肌胶原纤维含量下降(P＜0.05),HSP-70表达下调(P＜0.05).其中,与单纯MSCs组相比,MSCs+BiAb+MB组的心肌胶原沉积量更低(P＜0.05).单纯MB组、单纯BiAb组与未治疗组的胶原沉积量、HSP-70表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 MB可促进骨髓间充质干细胞的归巢,联合BiAb,可进一步增加干细胞的归巢率和修复效果.MSCs归巢后能干预心肌纤维化,其机制可能与HSP-70的介导有关.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effects of transplantated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on myocardial fibrosis with the aid of ultrasound-mediated microbubbles (MB) and bispecific antibody(BiAb) combination.Methods With the aid of MB,isolated MSCs from male mice and the BiAb were transfused into female mice with isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis via tail vein (MSCs + BiAb + MB group).BiAb was producted with anti-CD29 which can recognize MSCs and anti-myosin light chain antibody (AMLCA) which can specifically bind to injured myocardium.There were six groups investigated:MSC + BiAb + MB,MSC,BiAb,MB,MSC + BiAb,untreated,and control groups.Five weeks after treatment administration,the expressions of sex-determining region of Y-chromosome (SRY) in myocardium were detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR.The distribution of collagen was observed by sirius red staining.Heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) in myocardium was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The highest homing number of MSCs was in the MSCs + BiAb + MB group,MSCs + BiAb group ranked the second,and lowest in MSCs group.Compared to the untreated group,the MSCs + BiAb + MB,MSCs + BiAb and MSCs groups had less collagen deposition (P ＜0.05),and decreased level of HSP-70.Compared to those of the MSCs group,the collagen deposition were decreased in MSCs + BiAb + MB group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions MB and BiAb can promote the homing number of MSCs in mice.MB can further the homing rate and the repairing efficacy of MSCs.The homing MSCs can prevent the process of myocardial fibrosis.And HSP-70 was involved in the internal mechanism.     

靶向超声介导抗细胞间黏附因子-1单克隆抗体对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的实验性研究

目的探讨靶向超声能否提高抗细胞间黏附因子-1单克隆抗体对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法将60只心肌缺血的雄性SD大鼠分为3组,第1组为超声介导抗细胞间黏附因子-1单克隆抗体定向于受损心肌组,第2组为单纯抗细胞间黏附因子-1单克隆抗体组;第3组为对照组。每组又分为24h后处死组和14d后处死质量分数组,每小组为10只。处死后分别行坏死区中性粒细胞记数,梗死区质量分数测定,免疫组织化学检测缺血心肌中的VEGF蛋白表达,缺血心肌区域毛细血管记数,观察用药前后心电图ST段改变。结果24h处死组超声介导组坏死区中性粒细胞平均记数少于单纯用药组,超声介导组梗死区面积明显小于单纯用药组。14d后处死组超声介导组梗死区重量比明显小于单纯用药组,且有大量VEGF蛋白阳性反应的棕褐色颗粒。结论超声介导微泡造影剂携带抗细胞间黏附因子-1单克隆抗体能提高局部药物浓度,减少中性粒细胞在缺血心肌的浸润,减少组织再损伤,促进缺血区毛细血管再生,减少心肌梗死面积。     

超声辐照和SonoVue微泡在介导hAng-1基因体外转染时的作用和量效关系探讨

目的 探讨超声辐照和SonoVue微泡分别使用和联用在介导hAng-1基因体外转染过程中的作用以及辐照强度和微泡浓度对转染效率和细胞活性的影响.方法 实验分四组A组:单纯超声辐照+质粒组;B组:微泡+质粒组;C组:超声辐照+微泡+质粒组和空白对照组D组. C组内转染参数分别设置为超声照射强度0.5、1.0 、1.5和2.0 W/cm~2,微泡浓度5%、10%、20%、30%和40%.将连接有eGFP-C_3-hAng-1质粒的SonoVue微泡对293T细胞进行转染,48 h后检测各组基因转染效率和细胞存活率. 结果转染48 h后C组转染效率最高,荧光阳性细胞数最多,强度最大;A组转染效率很低,见少量荧光表达;B、D组无明显基因转染发生.随着超声照射强度和微泡浓度的增加,基因转染效率会逐步升高,具有统计学意义.微泡浓度大于20%、超声照射强度超过1.5 W/cm~2后基因转染效率不再升高甚至降低,细胞死亡率显著增高(P<0.01).结论 SonoVue微泡介导外源基因转染必须联合超声辐照才能获得较好的转染效率.对于hAng-1基因和SonoVue微泡,选择声强1.5 W/cm~2,微泡浓度20%是相对最佳转染条件.