IVF超促排卵过程中对卵巢反应性的预测

不孕患者在控制性超促排卵过程中卵巢的反应是影响体外受精-胚胎移植结局的关键之一。在进行超促排卵前正确预测卵巢的反应有助于选择合理的治疗方案,调整用药剂量,提高成功率。为此,临床上采用了众多的反映卵巢功能的指标,包括卵泡刺激素、雌激素、抑制素及B超等,但是临床上对这些指标的预测价值看法不一。     

卵巢及输卵管术后患者超排卵治疗卵巢反应性的观察

目前，对输卵管切除术后对卵巢功能的影响尚认识不一，解剖学上卵巢与输卵管的血管神经相邻近，此为输卵管切除术损伤卵巢血液供应(血供)的理论依据。Hughes等观察11例绝经后行卵巢肿瘤剔除术妇女发现，手术后雄激素水平下降一半，雌激素水平无改变。绝经后卵巢主要分泌雄激素，雌激素主要由脂肪组织合成，说明手术损伤卵巢功     

卵巢反应性对IVF-ET妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨IVF-ET促排卵周期中卵巢反应性对妊娠结局的预测能力。方法:回顾性分析402个长方案促排卵周期中所需外源性重组卵泡刺激素总量(rFSH)/成熟卵母细胞数(n)的比值(rFSH/n)与妊娠结局的关系。结果:随着rFSH/n比值升高,基础窦卵泡数(AFC)减少、rFSH总用量增大、获卵数减少、平均胚胎评分下降(P<0.05)。当rFSH/n>450时,临床妊娠率明显下降(P<0.05)。结论:卵巢反应性是影响IVF结局的重要因素,妊娠率随着rFSH/n的增加而下降的截点为rFSH/n>450。     

输卵管手术对体外受精-胚胎移植患者卵巢血流及反应性的影响

目的:探讨在体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)中输卵管手术对控制性超排卵(COH)患者卵巢的血流及卵巢储备功能的影响。方法:选择因异位妊娠或输卵管阻塞粘连行一侧输卵管切除或修复整形(单侧手术组)、双侧输卵管切除或双侧输卵管修复整形(双侧手术组)以及双侧输卵管均未行手术(对照组)的输卵管性不孕患者共70例,观察其在IVF-ET控制性超排卵中卵巢的血流变化及卵巢对COH的反应。结果:①3组患者的年龄、不育年限、用药天数及用药量均无统计学差异(P>0.05),单侧手术组术侧卵巢月经d3卵巢基质血流的搏动指数(PI)、收缩期峰流速(PSV)及hCG注射日(dhCG)PI与健侧卵巢差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但术侧卵巢d3血流阻力指数(RI)、RI(dhCG)明显大于健侧卵巢,PSV(dhCG)则明显小于健侧卵巢(P<0.05)。术侧卵巢的基础窦卵泡数(AFC)、dhCG≥14mm卵泡数以及获卵数明显少于健侧卵巢(P<0.05);②3组患者在d3的PI、RI、PSV,PI(dhCG)、RI(dhCG)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但双侧手术组PSV(dhCG)明显低于对照组(P<0.05),其基础AFC、hCG注射日≥14mm卵泡数及获卵数也明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:输卵管手术会影响卵巢的血运,降低卵巢的储备功能。     

卵巢肿瘤剔除术对体外受精-胚胎移植中卵巢反应性影响

目的 探讨卵巢肿瘤剔除后对卵巢功能的影响。方法 选择因卵巢肿瘤行剔除术的患者为实验组，输卵管阻塞性不孕患者作为对照组，对两组患者在行体外受输—胚胎移植(IVF—ET)中，卵巢对控制性超排卵的反应进行研究。结果 卵巢肿瘤行剔除术的患者卵巢大小与对照组无显著性差异，窦卵泡数，HCG日直径≥14mm，＜14mm的卵泡数，回卵数均明显少于对照组，促性腺激素用量明显多于对照组，用药天数无明显差异；患者手术侧卵巢与未手术侧相比，卵巢明显小于未手术侧，窦卵泡数，HCG注射日直径≥14mm，＜14mm的卵池数均明显少于未手术例；手术患者健侧卵巢与对照组对应卵巢相比，卵巢虽小，但无显著性差异，窦卵池数，HCG注射日直径≥14mm的卵泡数均明显少于对照组。结论 卵巢肿瘤剔除术影响卵巢功能，减低卵巢储备能力。     

单侧输卵管切除术对体外受精-胚胎移植周期卵巢反应性和结局的影响

目的:研究单侧输卵管切除术对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)周期卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的影响。方法:以行IVF-ET单侧输卵管切除的106例不孕患者为研究组,同期双侧输卵管梗阻的患者360例为对照组,比较研究组输卵管切除后术侧和健侧超促排卵启动日卵巢的大小和窦卵泡数、hCG注射日卵巢的大小、≥12mm卵泡数和获卵数,同时比较研究组和对照组≥12mm卵泡数、获卵数、受精数、优质胚胎数以及Gn用量、用药天数、妊娠率。结果:研究组中术侧和健侧启动日卵巢的大小无显著性差异,然而超促排卵启动日窦卵泡数、hCG注射日双侧卵巢大小、≥12mm卵泡数和获卵数均有统计学差异。研究组无论是hCG注射日≥12mm卵泡数、获卵数、Gn用量、用药天数,还是受精数、优胚数和妊娠率与对照组比较,均无显著性差异。结论:单侧输卵管切除术降低同侧卵巢的反应性,但总体上不影响卵巢对Gn的反应和IVF-ET妊娠结局。     

输卵管手术对控制性超排卵时卵巢反应性的影响

目的:探讨IVF-ET中不同的输卵管手术方式对控制性超排卵(COH)过程中患者卵巢反应性的影响。方法:回顾性分析长方案超排卵IVF周期临床资料,选择397例因输卵管因素不孕患者,其中手术组176例,非手术组221例;手术组患者均因输卵管妊娠或输卵管阻塞、粘连或积水行单侧或双侧输卵管切除或输卵管修复整形手术,其中单侧输卵管切除组70例(A组),双侧输卵管切除组46例(B组),单侧输卵管整形组27例(C组),双侧输卵管整形组33例(D组);非手术组均未为双侧输卵管阻塞无积水患者,作为对照组(E组)。比较各组的临床资料、卵巢对促排卵的反应性和妊娠结局。结果:B组基础FSH值显著高于E组(P<0.05),卵泡数(直径≥15mm)、获卵数显著低于E组(P<0.05)。A组术侧卵巢卵泡数(直径≥15mm)和获卵数明显少于健侧卵巢(P<0.05)。但输卵管手术不影响IVF-ET,各组的的妊娠率和种植率无统计学差异。结论:输卵管切除降低了卵巢超排卵时的反应性,手术可能影响卵巢的血供进而影响卵巢对COH的反应。     

输卵管手术对IVF-ET卵巢反应性及妊娠结局影响的研究

目的:探讨输卵管手术对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)过程中卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的影响。方法:接受IVF-ET治疗、符合纳入标准的650例不孕症患者共650个周期。曾因输卵管妊娠或输卵管阻塞、粘连或积水行输卵管切除术或修复整形手术的共304例,其中行输卵管切除术155例(A组),单侧输卵管切除126例(单侧输卵管切除组),双侧输卵管切除29例(双侧输卵管切除组);输卵管修复整形术149例(B组)。同期因输卵管因素不孕或单纯男方因素行IVF-ET者为对照组,346例。检测各组的性激素水平及AFC,比较卵巢反应性及妊娠结局。结果:1A组与对照组相比,低反应发生率增加(P0.05),而B组与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2A组与对照组相比,基础促卵泡生成素(b FSH)、b FSH/黄体生成素(b LH)、雌二醇(b E2)水平均明显增高(P0.01,P0.05),B组b E2显著高于对照组(P0.01)。3A组、B组与对照组相比,促性腺激素(Gn)天数延长(P0.01,P0.05)、Gn用量均增加(P0.01),A组Gn天数长于B组(P0.05)。3组间优质胚胎率、正常受精率、临床妊娠率、种植率和流产率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。4单侧输卵管切除患者术侧卵巢与对侧卵巢比较,术侧卵巢的窦卵泡数与获卵数均明显减少(P0.01)。5双侧输卵管切除组与单侧输卵管切除组相比,Gn天数延长,Gn用量增加(P0.01)。结论:输卵管手术会影响卵巢储备功能和卵巢反应性,影响程度与手术范围和手术损伤程度有关,但不会明显影响IVF-ET的结局。     

输卵管切除术对促超排卵周期卵巢反应的影响

目的 探讨输卵管切除术对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)周期促超排卵中卵巢反应的影响。方法对我院2001年1月至2001年12月间91例因异位妊娠切除输卵管的患者(观察组)接受体外受精-胚胎移植治疗时促超排卵中卵巢反应和结局进行分析。91例因男性因素或不明原因行IVF-ET术的患者为对照组。结果两组患者的年龄、促性腺激素用量、内膜厚度、卵泡数、取卵数、胚胎移植数及妊娠率问的差异无显著性。单侧输卵管切除的患者中输卵管切除侧卵巢与对侧卵巢的卵泡数和取卵数间的差异无显著性。双侧输卵管切除术后卵巢总卵泡数和取卵数与对照组相比差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 输卵管切除术对IVF-ET周期中卵巢反应和妊娠率无显著影响。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术对IVF周期中卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后对体外受精(IVF)周期控制性超排卵中卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的影响.方法:选取体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF.ET)助孕且曾在腹腔镜下行卵巢子宫内膜双侧异位囊肿剥除术20例(25周期)患者及32例单侧异位囊肿剥除术(40周期)患者为研究对象,以同期因输卵管因素行ⅣF助孕的104例(129周期)患者作为对照组,收集卵巢反应性及妊娠结局相关指标,作回顾性病例对照研究.结果:3组在年龄、体质量指数、不孕年限、基础卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平、促性腺激素(Gn)天数、受精率和人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)13雌二醇(E2)水平无统计学意义(P>0.05).3组妊娠率差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05),且单侧囊肿剥除组妊娠率最高(50.0%).双侧囊肿剥除组获卵数、优质胚胎率及可冷冻的胚胎个数分别为[(4.95±3.46)个、(56.0±32.0)%、(1.40±1.96)个],明显低于单侧囊肿剥除组[(9.38±4.62)个、(70.1±20.2)%、(3.45±3.05)个]和输卵管组[(10.37±4.14)个、(85.1±19.9)%、(4.36±3.19)个],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);其Gn总用量也明显高于输卵管组和单侧囊肿剥除组(P<0.05).单侧异位囊肿剥除术的手术侧卵巢的获卵数[(3.34±2.92)个]低于未手术侧卵巢[(6.06±2.27)个](t=5.784,P<0.01).结论:卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术可影响IVF周期中卵巢反应性,如导致Gn用量增加,获卵数、优质胚胎数和可冷冻胚胎个数减少,对IVF-ET有一定不良影响,而对ⅣF妊娠结局无明显影响.     

IVF中三种促超排卵方案效果的比较

目的：探讨IVF中最佳促超排卵方案。方法：将IVF对象随机分为3组。BFh组：23例126个周期,按BFh长方案（Buserelin／FSH／hCG）进行;Chh组：13例14个周期,以CC／hMG／hCG方案进行;Fhh组：55例57个周期,按FSH／hMG／hCG方案进行。结果：每周期平均促性腺激素（Gn）用量BFh组为18．62±5．95支;Chh组16．57±5．70支;Fhh组25．56±8．08支。每周期获成熟卵子数分别为10．23±5．80个;6．07±3．22个;10．96±6．45个。Gn用量BFh组与Chh组差异无显著性（P＞0．05）,但取到的卵子数,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。BFh组与Fhh组比较,BFh组Gn用量少于Fhh组（P＜0．05）,但取到的卵子数差异无显著性（P＞0．05）,且BFh组无过早的LH峰出现,另二组则各有1例过早的出现内源性LH峰。结论：IVF中BFh方案是较为理想的促起排卵方案。     

Ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in women with cancer is as expected according to an age-specific nomogram

Purpose

To evaluate the ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in cancer patients according to an age-specific nomogram for the number of retrieved oocytes.

Methods

Retrospective observational study carried out in a University affiliated fertility clinic. Forty-eight patients with cancer underwent ovarian stimulation for oocyte cryopreservation. An age - specific nomogram for the number of retrieved oocytes was built with 1536 IVF cycles due to male factor exclusively, oocyte donation and age related fertility preservation. The number of oocytes retrieved in cancer patients was compared to the expected response according to the nomogram using the Z-score.

Results

The mean number of total retrieved oocytes in patients with cancer was 14.04 ± 8.83. After applying the Z-score to compare the number of retrieved oocytes between women with cancer and the expected response according to the age-specific nomogram, we did not observe a statistically significant difference (Z-score 0.23; 95 % CI [−0.13-0.60]).

Conclusion(s)

According to our results, patients with cancer exhibit an ovarian response as expected by age. Despite the limitation of the sample size, the obtained results should encourage oncologists for early referral of women with cancer to fertility specialists.     

The contribution of sildenafil (Viagra) to ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins in a woman with poor ovarian response

We aim to present the first case of a pregnancy achieved by administering sildenafil (Viagra) to a woman not responding to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with the sole use of gonadotropins. A 37-year-old woman underwent COH, as part of an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle, with the combination of r-FSH and HMG for 13?d, without evidence of follicular growth. The addition of oral sildenafil at a dose of 50?mg per day for a total of five doses improved the ovarian response and resulted in the retrieval of 10 oocytes. Three embryos were transferred to the uterine cavity resulting in a successful pregnancy and, eventually, the delivery of a healthy neonate. Conclusively, the use of sildenafil as an adjunct to COH protocols may enhance ovarian response in a woman with poor ovarian response (POR) and merits further research.     

Preretrieval predictors of pregnancy in IVF

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the predictive value of preretrieval parameters of ovarian stimulation in patients undergoing IVF-ET. Methods: Women diagnosed with infertility due to tubal factor were compared to women with other and/or multiple diagnoses. Stepwise logistic regression evaluated 389 cycles to identify the best predictors of pregnancy among the following variables: age, primary or secondary infertility, cycle number, type and dose of gonadotropin, duration of gonadotropin administration, serum estradiol level, and number and size of follicles. Results: In the tubal disease group, probability of pregnancy was greater in cycles with serum estradiol levels below 1100 pg/ml on the day of hCG (odds ratio, 4.7) and with administration of gonadotropins for less than 10 days (odds ratio, 3.7). In contrast, in the other/mixed diagnoses group, a serum estradiol below 1100 pg/ml was associated with a decreased probability of pregnancy (odds ratio, 0.6). Conclusions: Optimal parameters of ovarian stimulation may vary according to the etiology of infertility. In patients with tubal disease, the beneficial effects of greater stimulation, and thus the greater number of available oocytes, may be offset by adverse effects on the endometrium and on the quality of oocytes and embryos. In contrast, in other diagnostic groups, the advantage of an increased number of oocytes may outweigh the potential adverse effects of prolonged stimulation and higher estradiol levels.     

控制性超排卵中血清孕酮浓度升高对体外受精-胚胎移植的影响

目的 :探讨控制性超排卵 (COH)卵泡发育晚期血清孕酮浓度升高对体外受精 胚胎移植 (IVF ET)的影响。方法 :将 2 0 0 0年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 12月在本所接受IVF或卵细胞浆单精子显微注射 (ICSI)助孕的不孕症患者 5 41例 ,依注射绒毛膜促性腺激素 (HCG)日血清孕酮浓度的不同分为 4组 :1组 ,血清孕酮≤ 2 .86nmol/L者 198例 ;2组 ,血清孕酮 >2 .86～ <6 .36nmol/L者 2 0 9例 ;3组 ,血清孕酮≥ 6 .36～ <9.5 4nmol/L者 81例 ;4组 ,血清孕酮≥ 9.5 4nmol/L者 5 3例 ,回顾性地分析IVF/ICSI结局。结果 :第 4组种植率 (5 .2 3%)和临床妊娠率 (13.2 1%)明显低于其他组 (P <0 .0 1、P <0 .0 5 ) ,流产率 (5 7.14%)呈增高趋势 ,而HCG日血清雌二醇 (E2 )、黄体生成素 (LH)、平均获卵数、第 2次成熟分裂中期卵子数、受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎形成率 ,4组之间差异无显著性。结论 :在COH卵泡发育晚期血清孕酮浓度≥ 9.5 4nmol/L ,IVF ET后胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率下降 ,流产率增加。     

Pregnancy Rate in IVF Rescue in High Responders to Human Menopausal Gonadotropin

Purpose: In vitro fertilization had been previously suggested by us as a means of rescue for patients with imminent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) during treatment with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG). We evaluated the pregnancy rate of rescued IVF cycles. Methods: During the years 1994–1995, women treated with hMG and at risk of developing OHSS were referred to our IVF unit. Their estradiol level was above 1500 pg/ml, and eight or more follicles were observed by ultrasonography In all the patients. These high responders were offered the option to undergo ovum aspiration. We report the pregnancy rate in this group of patients. Results: Thirty-nine women were referred to our unit for rescue IVF. Two were uneligible due to high progesterone concentrations. Thirty-seven women underwent ovum pickup and 32 had embryo transfer. The clinical pregnancy rate was 40% (13/32). Only two women had clinical OHSS. Conclusions: We suggest that rescue IVF may be considered in hMG cycles of high responders with imminent OHSS. Rescue IVF offers a high rate of conception, avoids high-order multiple pregnancy, and appears not to increase the risk of OHSS in these women.     

小剂量绒促性素在抵抗型慢反应患者中的应用

目的:探讨控制性超促排卵(COH)过程中抵抗型慢反应患者补充小剂量绒促性素(hCG)的临床效果及结局。方法:回顾性分析在本中心行体外受精/卵细胞浆内单精子注射(IVF/ICSI)患者的临床资料,选择COH过程中出现慢反应添加尿促性素(hMG)≥150 U/d,3天后仍为慢反应并且年龄≤38岁的78例患者为抵抗型慢反应组(78个周期),减少HMG用量75~150 U/d后改用hCG 200~300 U/d促卵泡发育;另按1∶2比例随机选取同期COH过程中正常反应者156例作为对照组(156个周期)。比较两组卵泡发育情况、性激素水平、体外受精情况及妊娠结局。结果:①抵抗型慢反应组使用Gn天数和Gn用量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),抵抗型慢反应组Gn第8天E_2水平显著低于对照组(P0.05),扳机日孕酮(P)值显著高于对照组(P0.05);而两组扳机日血清E_2水平、≥14 mm卵泡数及获卵数、受精率、卵裂率、优胚率、可移植胚胎数与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。②两组移植胚胎数、胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率及早期流产率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。③两组周期取消率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:抵抗性慢反应患者添加小剂量hCG可以明显改善卵巢反应性,不影响胚胎质量,可挽救此类患者的促排卵周期,并获得较好的临床结局。     

限制性促排卵方案预防卵巢过度刺激综合征的探索性研究

目的研究提前注射绒促性素（hCG）的促排卵方案,即限制性促排卵（LOS）方案,在预防卵巢过度刺激综合征（OHSS）发生中的作用。方法对10例OHSS高危的不孕患者,其中8例为多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者,采用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRHa）长方案超排卵,当最大卵泡直径达到12．0～14．5mm时注射hCG10000U,36h后取卵,行常规体外受精或单精子卵母细胞质内注射及胚胎移植。结果10例患者均无OHSS发生,获卵11～35个,其中成熟卵4～28个,均在取卵周期行胚胎移植。胚胎移植后妊娠8例,其中输卵管妊娠1例。结论LOS方案可以使PCOS不孕患者在获得足够多的成熟卵、有效防止OHSS发生的同时不降低妊娠率。     

尿促黄体生成激素峰与体外受精－胚胎移植结局的探讨

从１９９１年６月１日至１９９２年７月３０日，因输卵管因素造成不孕而进行体外受精－胚胎移植（ＩＶＦ－ＥＴ）共１５０个周期。经用克罗米酚及促性腺激素促超排卵，其中４１个周期（２７．３３％）于注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素（ｈＣＧ）前，尿中出现促黄体生成激素（ＬＨＭ）峰（ＬＨ＞４０ＩＵ／Ｌ），１６个周期（１０．６７％）表现为ＬＨ升高（ＬＨ＝４０ＩＵ／Ｌ），９３个周期（６２．００％）无ＬＨ峰（ＬＨ＜４０ＩＵ／Ｌ）。三组所获得的平均卵子数无明显差异。在有ＬＨ峰的周期中，卵裂率明显低于无峰周期，其临床妊娠率低于无ＬＨ峰者，两者比较差异无显著性。说明在注射ｈＣＧ前，尿中出现ＬＨ峰影响卵子质量，从而将影响受精卵的分裂，可导致临床妊娠率下降。