终末期肾衰维持血透患者动脉粥样硬化与血清HGF相关性探讨

对69例终末期肾衰维持血液透析(MHD)患者及对照组32例慢性肾脏病(CKDⅠ～Ⅱ期)患者,采用ELISA双抗体夹心法测定血清肝细胞生长因子(HGF),用高分辨二维颈动脉超声技术检测颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)、粥样硬化斑块.结果 MHD患者血清HGF水平较对照组明显升高(P<0.01),透析患者颈动脉粥样硬化病变程度越重,血清HGF水平越高,多元逐步回归分析显示,影响颈动脉IMT的因素有血清HGF、年龄、透析时间、收缩压、C反应蛋白、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及脂蛋白(a).提示HGF可能参与了MHD患者动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展,是预测动脉粥样硬化的一个新指标.     

腹膜透析患者血清成纤维细胞生长因子23的变化及意义

成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)是一种调节磷及矿物质代谢的蛋白质,主要生理功能是增加肾脏的磷排泄。众多研究发现,慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者血清FGF23水平的升高早于血磷、甲状旁腺素等指标的升高,对多种CKD及透析并发症具有预测意义。现就FGF23的来源及体内代谢过程,其在CKD尤其在腹膜透析患者血清中的改变和影响因素等方面做如下综述。     

慢性肾脏病患者血清微小RNA⁃210表达水平及其与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 探讨慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者血清微小RNA(miR)?210表达水平及其与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性.方法 回顾性纳入130例CKD患者为CKD组,同期35例健康体检者为对照组.收集两组受试者的临床资料并比较,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT?PCR)检测血清miR?210相对表达水平,采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测量颈动脉...     

慢性肾脏病患者晚期氧化蛋白产物血症及其与动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的　观察慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者循环中晚期氧化蛋白产物(AOPP)水平,并探讨其与动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法　断面队列研究。选109例CKD患者和71例健康对照者,用高分辨B超测颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、切面内膜中层面积及粥样斑块。测血清AOPP、丙二醛、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶活性(GSHPx)和C 反应蛋白水平。结果　CKD患者血清AOPP水平明显高于健康对照者(P<0 01), 62例透析者血清AOPP水平明显高于47例未透析者(P<0 01);未透析者血清AOPP水平与内生肌酐清除率呈负相关(r=-0 292, P<0 05)。38例有颈动脉粥样斑块者血清AOPP水平明显高于71例无颈动脉粥样斑块者(P<0 01)。单因素相关分析和多因素逐步回归分析均显示,血清AOPP水平与颈动脉IMT、切面内膜中层面积呈正相关(r=0 332,r=0 288,P值均小于0 05;β=0 313,P<0 001;β=0 301,P<0 01)。CKD患者血清AOPP水平与丙二醛、C 反应蛋白呈正相关(r=0 300,P=0 01;r=0 255,P<0 05 ),与血清GSHPx呈负相关(r=-0 647,P<0 01 )。结论CKD患者普遍存在高AOPP血症,血清AOPP水平随肾功能减退而增高,并与CKD患者动脉粥样硬化密切相关。     

成纤维细胞生长因子23与慢性肾脏病矿物质代谢

目的:观察慢性肾脏病(CKD)不同阶段血成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)水平变化及其与甲状旁腺素(PTH)等生化指标的相关性,初步探讨FGF23在CKD进展中与矿物质代谢相互关系及对机体的影响。方法:选择78例估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)波动在4～96ml/(min·1.73m2)CKD住院患者及20例健康志愿者,测定外周血FGF23及其他生化指标,分析它们之间的相关性。结果:(1)各组CKD患者血FGF23水平均高于健康对照组,LogPTH各组间差异性显著(P<0.05),LogFGF23及血磷在CKD4,5期组中存在显著性差异(P<0.01),而CKD1～2期组与CKD3期组之间无明显差异(P>0.05);(2)四组间血磷(r=0.54,P<0.01)、LogPTH(r=0.61,P<0.01)及1,25羟维生素D3[1,25(OH)2D3](r=0.32,P<0.01)与LogFGF23均呈显著正相关,而eGFR(r=-0.64,P<0.01)与LogFGF23呈显著负相关;(3)FGF23甲旁亢组值(4372.25±1996.66pg/ml)较非甲旁亢组值(2943.99±1981.21pg/ml)明显升高(P<0.01),LogFGF23与LogPTH仅在甲旁亢组中显著正相关(r=0.569,P<0.01),而LogFGF23与1,25(OH)2D3仅在非甲旁亢组中显示正相关(r=0.437,P<0.05);两组中LogFGF23与eGFR均显著负相关,但与血磷间均有正相关性;(4)多元线性回归分析显示多因素(年龄、血清白蛋白、活性维生素D3、eGFR及"有甲旁亢")与LogFGF23有相关性(P<0.05)。结论:(1)血FGF23水平在CKD早期已高出正常,并随着肾功能减退不断升高,在终末期异常升高。(2)慢性肾脏病终末期血磷水平显著升高并刺激FGF23生成增加,高FGF23水平与继发性甲旁亢发生相关。(3)年龄、活性维生素D3、肾功能状态、营养状况及有无"甲旁亢"均能影响血FGF23水平。     

腹膜透析患者血清铁调素25、肿瘤坏死因子α水平和颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的　探讨持续性腹膜透析患者血清铁调素25、肿瘤坏死因子α水平和颈动脉粥样硬化程度的关系。方法　通过酶联免疫法测定178例维持性腹膜透析患者血清铁调素25水平,采用高分辨二维超声诊断仪对双侧颈总动脉内膜中膜厚度及颈动脉粥样斑块进行测量。结果　颈动脉硬化组患者血清铁调素25水平高于无颈动脉硬化组和健康对照组,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。直线相关分析提示血清铁调素25水平与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度呈正相关关系（r＝0.685,P＝0.001）;而且多元逐步回归分析结果发现,血清铁调素25和肿瘤坏死因子α水平是影响颈动脉内膜中膜厚度的独立危险因素。结论　血清铁调素25、肿瘤坏死因子α水平均是影响维持性腹膜透析患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度的独立危险因素,可作为动脉粥样硬化预测的危险因子。     

慢性肾脏病患者血清总胆红素水平与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度的关系

目的观察慢性肾脏病患者血清胆红素水平变化与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度的关系。方法选择慢性肾脏病患者48例和对照组16例,测定血清胆红素水平,用高分辨二维颈动脉超声技术测定颈动脉内膜中膜厚度及粥样硬化斑块。结果慢性肾脏病患者血清胆红素水平明显低于对照组(P<0.01);血清胆红素水平随肾功能降低而减低。平均颈动脉内膜中膜厚度和动脉粥样斑块检出率明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。慢性肾脏病伴颈动脉硬化组较无颈动脉硬化组血清胆红素(5.38±1.95μmol/L比9.15±3.53μmol/L)水平明显降低(P<0.01);慢性肾脏病患者血清胆红素与尿素氮、肌酐呈显著负相关(r=-0.611和-0.492,P<0.0001),与肾小球滤过率、血红蛋白呈显著正相关(r=0.693和0.602,P<0.0001)。血清总胆红素(β=0.918,P=0.004)是慢性肾脏病患者并发动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素。结论慢性肾脏病患者存在低胆红素血症,低胆红素血症可能参与了慢性肾脏病患者动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。     

慢性肾脏病患者血清瘦素水平与颈动脉内膜-中层厚度的关系

目的 探讨慢性肾脏病患者血清瘦素水平与颈动脉内膜-中层厚度的关系.方法 选择79例慢性肾脏病非透析患者和15例健康对照者,采用放射免疫法测定血清瘦素水平,用高分辨二维颈动脉超声技术测定颈动脉内膜一中层厚度及粥样硬化斑块.结果 慢性肾脏病患者血清瘦素水平、平均颈动脉内膜-中层厚度和动脉粥样斑块检出率明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01).慢性肾脏病伴颈动硬化组(颈动脉内膜-中层厚度≥1.0mm,和/或颈动脉斑块)较无颈动脉硬化组血清瘦素(17.06±1.061ng/L比14.27±0.70ng/L)和C.反应蛋白(3.32±0.19mg/L比2.55±0.17mg/L)水平明显升高(P<0.01);慢性肾脏病患者血清瘦素与尿素氮、肌酐、C-反应蛋白、体质指数呈显著正相关(r=0.293,P<0.01;r=0.324,P<0.01;r=0.539,P<0.01;r=0.312,P<0.05);与肾小球滤过率、血红蛋白、白蛋白呈显著负相关(r=-0.389,P<0.01;r=-0.454,P<0.01;r=-0.246,P<0.05).瘦素(β=1.527,P<0.05)是慢性肾脏病患者并发动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素.结论 慢性肾脏病患者存在高瘦素血症,高瘦素血症与颈动脉内膜-中层厚度的关系,其可能参与了慢性肾脏病患者动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展.     

成纤维细胞生长因子23与慢性肾脏病钙磷代谢相关性研究

目的研究血清钙(Ca)、磷(P)、甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、1,25(OH)2D3以及肾功能与成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)的关系。方法将2009年9月至2010年2月中国医科大学附属第一医院住院的慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者58例分为3组,另设对照组20例。采用免疫酶联吸附(ELISA)法测定FGF23及1,25(OH)2D3浓度。全自动生化分析仪测定血清Ca、P、肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)浓度,化学免疫发光法测定全段iPTH。结果 FGF23在CKD血清中的质量浓度均高于健康对照组,且随肾小球滤过率(GFR)的降低逐渐升高,在CKD 4,5期FGF23升高明显,与CKD 3期比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),1,25(OH)2D3显著下降,与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。随着GFR的降低,血清Scr、P、iPTH逐渐升高。Pearson相关分析显示,CKD 3～5期logFGF23与logiPTH、Scr、P呈正相关(r=0.516,P<0.01;r=0.397,P<0.01;r=0.344,P<0.01),与GFR,1,25(OH)2D3呈负相关(r=-0.491,P<0.01;r=-0.413,P<0.01)。结论血清FGF23、iPTH、P随着GFR降低逐渐升高,1,25(OH)2D3逐渐降低,尤以CKD 4～5期明显。当GFR<30时FGF23质量浓度与GFR、血清iPTH、P、1,25(OH)2D3等因素有关。     

老年2型糖尿病伴颈动脉粥样硬化患者血清Cys C、Hcy、hs-CRP水平的表达分析

目的 探讨血清胱抑素（Cys C）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）和超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）在老年2型糖尿病伴颈动脉粥样硬化患者中的表达情况。方法 选取2020年11月—2021年11月莆田九十五医院收治的50例老年2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,根据是否伴有颈动脉粥样硬化分为两组,不伴有颈动脉粥样硬化的患者纳入对照组（10例）,伴有颈动脉粥样硬化的患者纳入观察组（40例）,对比两组的血清Cys C、Hcy和hs-CRP水平,并分析血清Cys C、Hcy和hs-CRP水平和颈动脉粥样硬化分级的相关性。结果 观察组的血清Cys C、Hcy和hs-CRP水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组中不同颈动脉粥样硬化分级患者的血清Cys C、Hcy和hs-CRP水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。血清Cys C、Hcy和hs-CRP水平与颈动脉粥样硬化分级为正相关关系（r>0,P<0.05）。结论 血清Cys C、Hcy和hs-CRP在老年2型糖尿病伴颈动脉粥样硬化患者中呈高水平表达,在诊断老年2型糖尿病伴颈动脉粥样硬化上有积极作用,且能作为颈动脉粥样...     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.