外伤性脊髓损伤251例临床资料分析

目的：分析251例外伤性脊髓损伤患者的流行病学特点。方法：对251例外伤性脊髓损伤患者进行回顾性分析。结果：脊髓损伤患者男性多于女性,年龄30～50岁。主要致伤原因为高处坠落伤、交通伤和摔伤,损伤的好发部位依次为胸腰段、腰骶段、颈段、胸段。完全性脊髓损伤占27．09％、不完全性脊髓损伤占72．91％,伴有脊柱骨折者占89．24％,常见合并症包括四肢骨折、头面部创伤、血气胸,经治疗脊髓损伤后神经功能有恢复为68．13％．治愈率21．51％,死亡率2．39％。结论：脊髓损伤程度高者,其治疗有效率低,不完全性脊髓损伤的疗效明显优于完全性脊髓损伤者。     

胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折患者流行病学特点研究

背景　目前,关于胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的相关流行病学调查较少,且现有的调查存在数据较少、资料欠完善等不足。因此急需大数据的病例资料统计分析,为胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的预防、临床诊断和治疗提供参考依据。目的　调查西安交通大学附属红会医院胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折住院患者的流行病学特点。方法　选取2014-01-01至2016-12-31在西安交通大学附属红会医院住院的胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折患者4 083例,按照年龄分为<60岁组（339例）、60~69岁组（1 850例）、70~79岁组（1 421例）、80~89岁组（441例）、≥90岁组（32例）,依据治疗方式分为微创手术治疗组（3 911例）和保守治疗组（172例）。收集患者的一般情况、骨折情况、治疗情况等资料,测定骨密度T值,采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）进行评价。结果　男性以70~79岁高发,女性以60~69岁高发,各组女性均多于男性,<60岁组男女比例最大;平均骨密度T值为（-3.2±1.2）SD,骨密度<-3.5 SD者945例（23.14%）。3 751例患者伴至少1种合并症,最常见的合并症为心血管疾病3 278例（80.28%）、糖尿病645例（15.80%）、脑卒中后遗症529例（12.96%）。高能量损伤245例（6.00%）,低能量损伤3 838例（94.00%）,低能量损伤是主要致伤因素。共4 953个椎体发生骨折,胸腰椎骨折节段大致呈单峰分布,L1所占比例最高为29.09%（1 441/4 953）;胸腰段（T11~L2）为多发节段,占77.06%（3 817/4 953）;腰椎骨折所占比例为53.46%（2 648/4 953）,高于胸椎骨折的46.54%（2 305/4 953）。手术患者无脊髓、神经和血管损伤,共79个椎体发生骨水泥渗漏,均无临床症状。微创手术治疗组治疗3个月后骨密度T值大于保守治疗组,VAS、ODI均低于保守治疗组,下肢深静脉血栓、肺部感染发生率均低于保守治疗组,卧床时间短于保守治疗组（P<0.05）。结论　胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折女性多于男性,骨折原因主要为低能量损伤,骨折部位以胸腰段最为多见,且腰椎多于胸椎,椎体成形术或椎体后凸成形术是主要的治疗手段。     

高能量伤致非相邻多节段胸腰椎骨折12例诊治分析

目的:探讨高能量伤致非相邻多节段胸腰椎骨折的特点、诊断和手术治疗方式。方法 :回顾性分析我院2009年1月-2010年12月手术治疗高能量伤致非相邻多节段胸腰椎骨折患者12例,其中男8例,女4例,年龄19～55岁,平均34.5岁。总结影像学特点及手术前、后美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)分级评分变化。结果:12例高能量伤致非相邻多节段胸腰椎骨折的主要骨折部位、骨折类型,以爆裂骨折和骨折脱位为主。结论:高能量伤致非相邻多节段胸腰椎骨折具有损伤暴力大、致伤机制复杂、脊髓损伤严重、伴发伤多等特点。手术治疗应根据骨折部位及分型,选择固定融合节段。     

64排螺旋CT在胸腰段爆裂骨折中的诊断价值

目的对胸腰段爆裂骨折应用64排螺旋CT的诊断价值进行评估。方法取我院2014年1月份到2016年12月份收治的80例胸腰段爆裂骨折为研究对象。80例患者均实施64排螺旋CT诊断,密切观察患者的诊断情况,分析患者的影像特点。结果 80例患者经64排螺旋CT诊断,显示均存在椎体爆裂骨折,其中胸椎骨折患者有23例,腰椎骨折患者有34例,胸腰椎骨折患者有23例。胸腰椎骨折患者中,有10例患者为胸腰椎均爆裂骨折,有13例患者为一节爆裂骨折另一节为单纯楔形压缩骨折。患者多为L1骨折,骨折累及前中柱者椎节有21个,累及前中后柱者椎节有26个。结论对胸腰段爆裂骨折患者实施64排螺旋CT诊断,信息获取充分,后处理功能强大,可明确诊断。     

后路椎弓根RSS内固定系统治疗脊柱胸腰段爆裂骨折合并脊髓损伤

目的：探讨脊柱胸腰段爆裂骨折合并脊髓损伤的手术治疗效果及椎弓根RSS内固定系统在脊柱胸腰段爆裂骨折合并脊髓损伤中的作用。方法：对30例脊柱胸腰段爆裂骨折患者合并脊髓损伤早期行后路切开复位椎弓根RSS内固定,其中11例行椎管切开减压,并对手术疗效进行评估。结果：30例患者术后随访9~21个月,平均17个月,总优良率86.5%。结论：后路椎弓根RSS内固定系在治疗脊柱胸腰段爆裂骨折合并脊髓损伤中疗效可靠。     

132例胸腰椎骨折合并截瘫的治疗体会

<正> 我院自1955年4月至1978年5月共收治外伤性截瘫189例,其中颈椎骨折脱位合并高位截瘫57例,胸腰椎骨折合并截瘫132例。本文仅就132例胸腰椎骨折合并截瘫的病例进行分析研究,着重总结治疗的经验体会。临床资料一、受伤原因压伤62例(47%),坠落伤59例(44.7%,车祸伤11例(8.3%)。二、损伤部位与截瘫程度(表1) 胸腰段最多,下腰段次之,胸段最少。本组病例属全瘫者78例,不全瘫54例。     

胸腰椎脊柱骨折现代治疗的研究进展

胸腰段脊柱骨折和脱位是临床上较为常见的创伤性疾病。通常,胸腰段脊柱损伤是指T11－T12至u－12节段的脊柱骨折和（或）脱位。据有关统计”0,胸腰段脊柱骨折脱位的年发病率约为1／20000。有研究表明[1],在胸椎和腰椎的损伤中,胸腰段脊柱骨折脱位约占52％。而在脊柱的相关损伤中,一些患者往往因为合并脊髓损伤而导致神经功能障碍,其中15％－20％的患者与胸腰段脊柱损伤有关。     

225例椎骨骨折的回顾性研究

目的探讨脊柱外伤性椎骨骨折的特点和流行病学趋势,为临床椎骨骨折防治提供参考。方法选择2008年1月～2012年6月就诊椎骨骨折患者225例,分析患者的年龄、骨折节段分布、治疗方式、并发症及临床疗效等。结果225例患者中男178例、女47例,分别占79．1％、20．9％;40岁以上患者占多数（156例,69．3％）。单个椎骨骨折173例,占76．9％：2个或2个以上椎骨合并骨折52例,占23．1％。椎骨骨折节段以胸腰结合处（T11-L2）最为多见（105例,46．6％）。根据影像学诊断确定椎骨骨折类型,以单纯性压缩性骨折最为多见（107例,47．6％）。手术治疗93例,占41-3％,非手术治疗132例,占58．7％。单纯椎骨骨折142例,占63．1％,有并发损伤83例,占36．9％。治疗的总有效率为96．0％（216例）,有4．0％（9例）治疗无效。结论了解脊柱外伤性椎骨骨折的特点和流行病学趋势,对椎骨骨折全面、准确的诊断和治疗具有指导意义。     

高压氧治疗脊髓损伤的疗效观察及护理

2004年1月～2009年12月,我院收治107例脊髓不完全性损伤的患者,对其进行了高压氧治疗（HBO）,护理体会报告如下. 1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料 本组107例脊髓损伤的患者病程1～3个月,其中男70例,女37例,年龄21～66岁,平均46岁.损伤节段：颈髓损伤30例,其中骨折脱位20例,无骨折脱位10例;胸腰段脊髓损伤77例.病程≤45 d 78 例（73%）,病程〉45d 29例（28%）.     

胸腰椎多发非相邻骨折的C—D手术治疗

<正> 凡胸腰椎骨折节段,中间至少间隔一个正常节段即为多发非相邻胸腰椎骨折。自1993年7月至1999年11月,我院共收治胸腰椎多发性非相邻骨折12例,全部应用C—D治疗,报告如下。1.临床资料 本组男11例,女 1例;年龄25 44岁,平均32岁。10例为高处坠落伤,2例为车祸所致,损伤节段;     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.