超声心动图二维斑点追踪成像与心脏核磁共振钆延迟增强对心肌淀粉样变性检测的比较

目的:比较心脏核磁共振(CMR)钆延迟增强与超声心动图二维斑点追踪成像(2D-STE)对心肌淀粉样变性的检测价值。方法:回顾性比较分析10例心肌淀粉样变性CMR钆延迟显像与2D-STE测定的心室收缩期长轴峰值应变。结果:10例患者中CMR均有心室延迟强化,而2D-STE显示9例存在心室收缩期长轴峰值应变减低。两种技术对心肌淀粉样变性左心室受累的诊断一致性为90%。4例患者同时存在双心室的应变异常与CMR延迟强化,4例患者CMR未提示右心室受累但右心室收缩期长轴峰值应变已出现异常,1例CMR提示室间隔延迟强化,左、右心室收缩期长轴峰值应变均下降。结论:2D-STE和CMR对诊断心肌淀粉样变性左心室受累有很好的一致性,2D-STE对右心室心肌淀粉样变性的诊断可能较CMR更敏感。     

心肌淀粉样变性的临床特点分析

目的:分析心肌淀粉样变性患者的临床特点,以提高心肌淀粉样变性的早期诊断和治疗水平,提高患者生存率。方法:回顾性分析我院2015-01-2018-04行腹部、肾脏、心内膜等病理活检确诊的27例心肌淀粉样变性患者的临床表现、心电图、超声心动图、心脏磁共振(MRI)特点及治疗效果。结果:心肌淀粉样变性患者发病年龄晚,临床表现不一,以胸闷气促、下肢水肿等表现多见,常累及多个系统。心电图以肢体导联低电压、胸前导联R波递增不良及病理性Q波为主要表现;超声心动图表现为心房增大、心室壁增厚及收缩、舒张功能受限;心脏MRI表现为心室壁延迟强化。结论:心肌淀粉样变性患者缺乏特异性临床表现,诊断困难,治疗效果欠佳,预后差。因此,对于原因不明的心功能不全患者,高度怀疑心肌淀粉样变性时,在未进行心内膜活检情况下,应根据心电图、心脏超声及心脏MRI等检查及心外组织活检明确诊断,为早期诊断和治疗提供帮助。     

心肌淀粉样变性的临床特点

目的　心肌淀粉样变性 ( cardiac amyloidosis CAL)是临床上相对少见的疾病 ,对其临床特点认识不足。本文分析CAL患者的临床特征 ,为正确诊断疾病奠定基础。方法　对近 2年来确诊为 CAL患者的临床、心电图、超声心动图和病理学特点进行了分析。结果　 3例患者确诊为 CAL。患者为老年 ( x=70岁 ) ,临床表现为肾病综合征 ( 3例 )和充血性心力衰竭 ( 2例 )。心电图显示肢体导联低电压 ( 3例 ) ,胸前、肢体导联异常 Q波 ( 3例 )。心肌电压和心肌团块比值下降。超声心动图显示左心室后壁和室间隔增厚 ( 3例 ) ;左心室舒张内径减小 ( 2例 ) ;左心房增大 ( 3例 ) ;E/ A比值倒置 ;心内膜闪耀的颗粒样物质 ( 1例 ) ;心包积液 ( 2例 ) ;左心室收缩功能正常 ( 3例 )。肾脏病理显示基底膜、小动脉大量微细纤维淀粉样物质沉积。结论　老年充血性心力衰竭、心脏舒张功能受损同时合并肾病综合征等提示 CAL的可能。当心脏外病理确诊为淀粉样变性后 ,心电图和超声心动图的特异改变可帮助确诊 CAL     

心脏淀粉样变的心脏超声及心电图特点

目的：分析心脏淀粉样变患者的心脏超声及心电图特点,为临床医师早期识别和诊断心脏淀粉样变性提供帮助。方法：2003年7月～2011年10月我院结合临床及病理检查确诊心脏淀粉样变性患者20例,回顾性分析其超声心动图和心电图特点。结果：心脏超声检查所见：20例患者均表现室间隔[（15．67±3．60）mm]及左心室后壁向心性增厚[（15．73±3．54）mm]而左心室容积正常;所有患者均存在舒张功能不全;多数患者有左心房增大（19例,95％）,心内膜下心肌有颗粒样反光增强（17例,85％）,出现中一大量心包积液（11例,55％）。心电图表现为：20例患者心电图肢体导联的电压均较低,肢体导联低电压和假性梗死Q波的发生率分别为55％和45％。结论：不明原因心力衰竭的患者,如果心脏超声示心室肌肥厚且心室容积正常,伴心内膜下心肌内有颗粒样反光增强,而心电图又表现为肢体导联低电压或非梗死性Q波时,应考虑心脏淀粉样变性的可能性。应进一步行病理活检等检查,以利于早期诊断和治疗。     

超声心动图用于肺心病患者诊断中的疗效

目的分析超声心动图用于肺心病患者诊断中的疗效。方法选取2015年2月~2016年2月在我院进行检测的肺心病患者46例作为研究对象,作为研究组,选择同期的健康者46名作为常规组,均接受了常规检查和心脏检查,包括了解到了患者的脉搏输出量、左右心室舒展末期内径、脉动脉瓣前向血流速度、主动脉瓣前向血流速度、舒张早期最大峰值流速、室间隔厚度、左心室后壁厚度、左心室射血分数,对比患者心动超声检测结果。结果两组患者均进行过了检测,两组患者的脉搏输出量、舒张晚期最大峰值流速、心输出量、左右心室舒展末期内径、脉动脉瓣前向血流速度、主动脉瓣前向血流速度、舒张早期最大峰值流速、室间隔厚度、左心室后壁厚度、左心室射血分数等心功能指标存在差异,肺心病患者的右心室收缩时间、等容舒张时间、Tei指数高于健康人群,差异具有统计学意义。结论应用超声心动图检查诊断甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病诊断价值高,提高了诊断的准确率,在临床检测上值得适应和推广。     

超声心动图对高血压性心脏病的临床诊断价值分析

目的分析超声心动图对高血压性心脏病的临床诊断价值。方法选取2015年10月到2016年6月来我院就诊的高血压性心脏病患者80例,随机分为两组,观察组和对照组,每组40例。观察组患者采取超声心动图检查,对照组患者采取心电图检查,对比不同分级高血压患者心脏左室间隔厚度和左室后壁厚度以及患者左心室舒张功能(VE、VA、E/A、IVRT)。结果经检查,患者高血压等级越高心脏左室间隔、左室后壁厚度增厚率越快,其差异显著(P0.05),具有统计学意义;观察组患者VE和E/A均低于对照组VA和IVRT水平均高于对照组,差异显著(P0.05),具有统计学意义。结论超声心动图对高血压性心脏病的临床诊断价值具有显著效果,诊断价值高,值得在临床工作中大力推广应用。     

扩张型心肌病合并高血压的心功能及预后分析

目的探讨扩张型心肌病合并高血压患者的心功能及预后。方法选取2005—2010年我院收治的扩张型心肌病患者50例,根据患者病史中是否合并高血压将其分为合并高血压组27例和未合并高血压组23例。比较两组患者预后及心动图检查结果。结果两组患者病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。合并高血压组患者室间隔厚度、左心室射血分数低于未合并高血压组,左心室后壁厚度及左心室心肌质量高于未合并高血压组,出院时美国纽约心脏病协会心功能分级(NYHA分级)改善程度优于未合并高血压组(P0.05)。结论扩张型心肌病合并高血压患者室间隔厚度减小,左心室射血分数降低,心脏收缩功能增强,左心室心肌质量增大,但是运用血压水平作为排除高血压所引发心脏损害的手段具有一定的局限性。     

脉冲波组织多普勒超声心动图检测肥胖患者心脏结构和心功能

目的:应用脉冲波组织多普勒超声心动图检测超重和单纯肥胖患者的心脏结构和心功能,以探讨单纯肥胖患者早期心脏功能的改变。方法:根据体重指数将143例无其他心血管疾病者分为正常体重组(体重指数18.5～23.9kg/m2,n=57),超重组(体重指数24.0～27.9kg/m2,n=53),肥胖组(体重指数≥28.0kg/m2,n=33),比较各组间左心房内径(LAD)、室间隔(IVS)厚度、左心室后壁(PW)厚度、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室重量(LVM)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度峰值(E)和二尖瓣舒张晚期血流速度峰值(A);脉冲波组织多普勒超声心动图测量二尖瓣环侧壁收缩期运动峰速度(Sm)及二尖瓣环侧壁舒张早期运动峰速度(Em),E/A,E/Em的差异,并分析这些指标与体重指数的相关性。结果:与正常体重组比较,超重组左心房内径增大、室间隔增厚,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与正常体重组比较,肥胖组左心房内径、舒张末期室间隔厚度、左心室后壁厚度、左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末期内径、左心室重量均增加,二尖瓣环侧壁收缩期运动峰速度、二尖瓣环侧壁舒张早期运动峰速度下降,而E/Em增加,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。心脏结构和心功能变化与体重指数的相关性:左心房内径,舒张末期室间隔厚度,左心室后壁厚度,左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末期内径、左心室重量与体重指数呈正相关,传统的表示左心室收缩功能和舒张功能的超声参数左心室射血分数、E/A与体重指数均无相关性,而脉冲波组织多普勒超声心动图参数二尖瓣环侧壁收缩期运动峰速度、二尖瓣环侧壁舒张早期运动峰速度与体重指数呈负相关,E/Em与体重指数呈正相关。结论:单纯肥胖可导致左心房内径、左心室壁厚度、左心室内径增加,而脉冲波组织多普勒超声心动图能够早期检测出肥胖所致的亚临床收缩及舒张功能的改变。     

经胸超声心动图检查对缺血性脑卒中患者心源性危险因素的分析

目的:了解经胸超声心动图(TTE)下心脏结构异常及左心室收缩功能障碍与缺血性脑卒中发病的相关性.方法:296例患者分为新发缺血性脑卒中组(156例)和对照组(140例),行TIE检查记录心脏结构、左心室收缩功能等相关指标,统计两组数据的差异,从中筛选缺血性脑卒中的危险因素.结果:缺血性脑卒中组左心室后壁、室间隔厚度以及左心室心肌质量指数明显大于对照组(P＜0.01),主动脉瓣钙化的发生率缺血性脑卒中组高于对照组(P＜0.05);缺血性脑卒中组每搏输出量、心输出量、射血分数明显低于对照组(P＜0.05～0.01),差异均有统计学意义.多因素Logistic分析显示:左心室心肌肥厚、左心室收缩功能障碍(射血分数≤0.50)及主动脉瓣钙化是缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素,且危险因素越多,发生缺血性脑卒中的风险越大.结论:对于伴有高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、血脂代谢紊乱等高危因素的患者发现左心室心肌肥厚、心脏瓣膜钙化,应及早干预.轻度左心室收缩功能障碍与缺血性脑卒中存在明显的相关性.     

心脏淀粉样变性临床研究进展

心脏淀粉样变性通常表现为限制性的心力衰竭和多浆膜腔积液。心电图表现为肢体低电压、胸导联R波递增不良;在超声心动图上表现为双心房增大,左心室室壁厚度增加,左心室腔不大,左心室舒张功能减退,或有颗粒状心肌强回声等改变;心脏磁共振表现为特征性的心肌延迟强化;组织活检在偏振光显微镜下具有典型的苹果绿双折射和刚果红染色。现通过对心脏淀粉样变性的临床症状及相关实验室结果的讨论,旨在加强临床医师对该疾病的认识。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.