依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征患者血脂及血管内皮功能的影响

目的　对比观察急性冠状动脉综合征患者单用阿托伐他汀、合用依折麦布加阿托伐他汀时血清总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLC）、内皮素1（ET-1）、一氧化氮（NO）水平的变化,探讨依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀调脂及血管内皮保护功能的疗效及安全性。方法　2011年6月至2011年12月连续入选125例急性冠状动脉综合征患者,随机分为阿托伐他汀组（每晚口服阿托伐他汀20　mg）和联合组（每晚口服阿托伐他汀20　mg和依折麦布10　mg）,服药12周后比较治疗前及治疗12周时TC、LDLC、ET-1、NO的变化。结果　（1）两组治疗12周后与治疗前比较,TC、LDLC、ET-1明显降低,NO明显升高;联合组较阿托伐他汀组TC、LDLC、ET-1降低更明显,NO升高更明显（TC：3.20±0.55　mmol/L比4.28±0.59　mmol/L,P<0.01;LDLC：1.92±0.33　mmol/L比2.63±0.53　mmol/L,P<0.01;ET-1：3.88±1.15　ng/L比4.49±0.85　ng/L,P<0.05;NO：80.39±7.87　μmol/L比72.18±12.16　μmol/L,P<0.05）,联合组比阿托伐他汀组进一步降低TC　17.5%、LDLC　17.4%、ET-1　10.4%,进一步升高NO　14.2%;（2）以LDLC＜2.60　mmol/L为达标标准,阿托伐他汀组达标率为47.6%,联合组达标率为81.8%;（3）治疗期间两组均有2例服药2周左右出现肝酶升高超过3倍,因此退出试验。结论　急性冠状动脉综合征患者阿托伐他汀联用依折麦布有更好的调脂及血管内皮保护作用,且毒副反应少,安全性好。     

依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀对心房颤动伴脑卒中患者炎症因子的疗效

目的:观察依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀强化降脂治疗对心房颤动伴缺血性脑卒中患者炎症因子水平的疗效。方法:选择180例心房颤动伴缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法被随机分为阿托伐他汀组(88例)和联合治疗组(92例,口服阿托伐他汀钙片+依折麦布),两组均治疗4个月。在治疗前后,检测比较两组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、白介素(IL)-6和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α水平,并分析上述血脂与炎症因子水平的相关性。结果:治疗前,两组上述血脂水平和炎症因子水平无显著差异(P均0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组治疗后上述血脂和炎症因子水平均显著降低(P0.05或0.01);与阿托伐他汀组比较,联合治疗组治疗后TC[(3.12±0.56)mmol/L比(2.78±0.20)mmol/L]、TG[(1.35±0.27)mmol/L比(1.02±0.37)mmol/L]、LDL-C[(1.82±0.60)mmol/L比(1.72±0.53)mmol/L]、hsCRP[(4.12±1.56)mg/L比(2.57±1.84)mg/L]、IL-6[(42.20±9.77)pg/ml比(20.18±9.62)pg/ml]和TNF-α[(18.32±12.80)ng/L比(11.21±9.96)ng/L]水平降低更显著,P0.05或0.01。双变量Pearson积差相关分析显示,TC、TG和LDL-C水平与hsCRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平均呈显著正相关(r=0.810~0.888,P均0.01)。结论:对于心房颤动伴缺血性脑卒中患者依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀降脂、降炎症因子疗效较单纯阿托伐他汀更佳,值得临床推广。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗高脂血症的效果

目的探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗高脂血症的疗效。方法 400例高脂血症患者采用数字随机分组方法分为4组,每组100例,其中对照组给予阿托伐他汀20 mg/d治疗,治疗Ⅰ组给予阿托伐他汀5 mg/d联合依折麦布10 mg/d治疗,治疗Ⅱ组给予阿托伐他汀10 mg/d联合依折麦布10 mg/d治疗,治疗Ⅲ组给予阿托伐他汀20 mg/d联合依折麦布10 mg/d治疗,于降脂治疗后3、6、12个月测定血脂4项总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的变化水平。结果(1)4个组治疗后3、6、12个月后LDL-C、TG、TC水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05)。治疗后同一时间点:治疗Ⅲ组较对照、治疗Ⅰ组、治疗Ⅱ组3组LDL-C、TG、TC水平下调(P<0.05);4组间HDL-C上调水平无统计学差异(P>0.05);对照组、治疗Ⅰ组间LDL-C、TG、TC、HDL-C水平未见明显差异(P>0.05)。治疗后12个月,治疗Ⅱ组较对照、治疗Ⅰ组两组LDL-C、TG、TC水平下调具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗Ⅱ组、治疗Ⅲ组HDL-C上调具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4组不良反应发生率。结论 20 mg阿托伐他汀联合10 mg依折麦布组患者的降脂效果明显优于单用20 mg阿托伐他汀组及小剂量阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布低剂量组,且不良反应的发生率无明显增加,安全性较好。     

阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗早发冠心病急性心肌梗死临床研究

目的观察阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗早发冠心病急性心肌梗死的疗效及其安全性。方法选择早发冠心病急性心肌梗死患者48例,随机分为两组,每组24例,对照组给予阿托伐他汀治疗,20 mg/d,观察组于对照组治疗的基础上给予依折麦布治疗,10 mg/d,比较两组患者疗效及血脂指标、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、左室射血分数(LVEE)及内皮舒张功能(FMD)的变化。结果两组均无死亡病例,观察组患者复发性心绞痛1例;对照组血运重建3例,复发性心绞痛2例。观察组患者TC、TG、LDL-C水平分别为(3.2±0.3)mmol/L、(1.8±0.1)mmol/L、(2.0±0.2)mmol/L,均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组HDL-C水平为(1.5±0.2)mmol/L,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后观察组患者hs-CRP水平为(1.9±0.3)mg/L,显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者LVEE及FMD水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布应用于早发冠心病急性心肌梗死患者疗效较佳,血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著降低,且应用较为安全,具有临床推广价值。     

依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者血脂水平、心功能及IMT的影响

目的:研究依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者血脂水平、心功能及颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)的影响。方法:于我院治疗的128例冠心病患者被随机均分为阿托伐他汀组(在常规治疗基础上加用阿托伐他汀)与联合治疗组(在阿托伐他汀组基础上加用依折麦布),两组均治疗60d。观察比较两组治疗前后甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESd)、LVEF、IMT以及治疗6个月后主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率。结果:与阿托伐他汀组比较,联合治疗组治疗后TG[(1.43±0.14)mmol/L比(1.35±0.12)mmol/L]、TC[(5.29±0.51)mmol/L比(5.03±0.54)mmol/L]、LDL-C [(2.93±0.34)mmol/L比(2.71±0.27) mmol/L]水平、LVEDd [(55.77±5.81)mm比(53.45±5.59)mm]、LVESd [(40.52±4.33)mm比(38.91±4.13)mm]、IMT [(0.96±0.10)mm比(0.91±0.08)mm]降低更显著,HDL-C水平[(1.12±0.11) mmol/L比(1.22±0.12) mmol/L]、LVEF [(46.30±4.25)%比(50.63±5.30)%]升高更显著,P0.05或0.01。联合治疗组治疗6个月后MACE发生率显著低于阿托伐他汀组(3.13%比14.06%,P=0.028)。结论:依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀能显著改善冠心病患者血脂水平及心功能,降低颈动脉内膜-中层厚度,安全性好,值得推广。     

阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗混合型高脂血症的临床观察

目的观察阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗混合型高脂血症的疗效和安全性。方法选取100例混合型高脂血症病人单用阿托伐他汀(20mg/d)治疗1个月后血脂不达标的30例病人为研究对象,观察接受阿托伐他汀(20mg/d)联合依折麦布(5mg/d)治疗后的血脂情况和不良反应发生情况。结果与治疗前相比,阿托伐他汀单用组和阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗组总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均降低,而HDL-C差异无统计学意义。两组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、肌酸激酶(CK)比较差异无统计学意义。阿托伐他汀单用组调脂幅度:TC下降25%,LDL-C下降30%,TG下降30%;阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗组在阿托伐他汀降脂基础上,TC下降35.9%,LDL-C下降39%,TG下降51.4%。两组不良反应均很轻微和少见。结论阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗混合型高脂血症可以明显降低TC、LDL-C和TG,且不良反应轻微,耐受性好。     

阿托伐他汀联用依折麦布预处理对择期介入治疗围术期高敏C反应蛋白的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀联用依折麦布预处理对PCI围术期高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的影响。方法连续入选具有典型稳定性心绞痛症状的患者156例,标准治疗基础上随机分为他汀组78例(阿托伐他汀20mg/晚)与联合组78例(阿托伐他汀10mg/晚+依折麦布10mg/晚),治疗7d后行PCI,分别于PCI术前、术后8、24、48h和7d检测hs-CRP。结果与PCI术前比较,术后7d2组TC、LDL-C均明显降低(P0.01),且联合组术后较他汀组降低更明显(P0.05);与PCI术前比较,联合组和他汀组术后8hhs-CRP明显升高,术后24hhs-CRP达高峰(P0.01),48hhs-CRP处于升高水平(P0.01),术后7dhs-CRP无明显变化(P0.05);联合组术后8、24[(6.10±2.27)mg/L vs(7.08±3.78)mg/L]和48hhs-CRP水平明显低于同时间他汀组(P0.05),术后7d2组hs-CRP比较无显著差异[(2.02±1.35)mg/L vs(2.15±1.23)mg/L,P0.05]。结论阿托伐他汀联用依折麦布较阿托伐他汀单用对围术期急性炎性反应具有更明显的改善作用。     

依折麦布联合瑞舒伐他汀在2型糖尿病合并高脂血症患者中的疗效

目的比较使用瑞舒伐他汀联合依折麦布和加大他汀剂量治疗他汀降脂治疗不能达标的2型糖尿病患者的疗效。方法入选2012年9月至2013年9月于辽宁省朝阳市第二医院心内科就诊的2型糖尿病患者同时低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)100 mg/d L,服用瑞舒伐他汀(2.5 mg/d)12周后仍LDL-C80 mg/d L86例,其中男性58例,女性28例,平均年龄为(64.76±11.3)岁。随机分为瑞舒伐他汀+依折麦布组(43例)和瑞舒伐他汀组(43例)。瑞舒伐他汀+依折麦布组在常规治疗基础上每天服用2.5 mg瑞舒伐他汀加10mg依折麦布;瑞舒伐他汀组在常规治疗基础上每天服用10 mg瑞舒伐他汀,均连续治疗12周。主要观察治疗前后血脂水平、肌酸激酶、肝功能、血糖及胰岛素等的变化。结果与本组基线水平比较,两组治疗后LDL-C、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)下降,LDL-C80 mg/d L、LDL-C100 mg/d L比例增加,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05)。与瑞舒伐他汀组治疗后比较,瑞舒伐他汀+依折麦布组治疗后LDL-C[(90±18)mg/d L vs.(72±15)mg/d L]、TG[(122±12)mg/d L vs.(103±13)mg/d L]、TC[(146±13)mg/d L vs.(138±16)mg/d L]下降,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05)。瑞舒伐他汀+依折麦布组较瑞舒伐他汀组LDL-C80 mg/d L、LDL-C100 mg/d L比例增加,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05)。两组治疗前、治疗后谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、胃肠道不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论他汀治疗后血脂不达标的2型糖尿病患者,使用瑞舒伐他汀联用依折麦布效果优于单用瑞舒伐他汀加强治疗。     

老老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布对比双倍剂量阿托伐他汀疗效研究

目的 探讨不同调脂治疗方案对老老年急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者的疗效。方法 连续选择2012年6月~2014年6月于我院心脏科166例确诊为ACS的患者进行前瞻性随机对照试验,其中男性86例,女性80例,年龄80~88(83.8±2.3)岁,随机分为联合治疗组84例(阿托伐他汀10mg/d+依折麦布10mg/d)和双倍剂量组82例(阿托伐他汀20mg/d)。随访1年观察2组患者的终点事件。结果 随访3个月时,联合治疗组高敏C反应蛋白水平明显高于双倍剂量组[(2.5±1.4)mg/L vs(2.1±1.5)mg/L,P=0.033],随访1年2组患者主要不良心血管事件,无统计学差异(23.8%vs 19.0%,P=0.473)。随访终点,2组患者在主要不良心血管事件(心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、再血管化治疗)、脑卒中和肌痛/肌无力等方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Cox分析表明,联合治疗组患者心血管风险与双倍剂量组患者无明显差异(HR=1.12,95%CI:0.51~2.55,P=0.743)。结论 对于老老年ACS患者,阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布可以取得与双倍剂量阿托伐他汀治疗近似的长期预后。     

依折麦布改善PCI术后患者血脂代谢和预后的临床效果

目的 观察依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀对经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗术后患者血脂代谢和预后的临床效果。 方法 根据患者降脂治疗方案不同,将PCI术后患者随机分为依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀组（联合治疗组）和单用阿托伐他汀组（阿托伐他汀组）各90例,患者降脂治疗前后均行检测血清总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和血清高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平,比较两组患者TC、LDL-C和hs-CRP的变化,同时比较两组主要不良心脑血管事件（MACCE）发生情况。 结果 两组血清TC、LDL-C和hs-CRP均较治疗前显著降低,联合治疗组血清TC[（3.0±0.8）mmol/L vs.（4.2±0.9）mmol/L,P<0.05]、LDL-C[（2.0±0.8）mmol/L vs.（2.4±1.0）mmol/L,P<0.05]和hs-CRP[（2.6±5.0）mg/L vs.（3.7±4.5）mg/L,P<0.05]较阿托伐他汀组降低更显著（均P<0.05）。联合治疗组患者MACCE发生率显著低于阿托伐他汀组[7%vs.18%,P<0.05]。 结论 依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀可更好改善PCI术后患者的血清TC、LDL-C和hs-CRP水平,同时减少短期MACCE发生率,有较好的临床应用价值。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.