肩胛骨复合组织瓣修复胫骨及软组织缺损

小腿外伤后胫骨伴局部软组织缺损临床上常见，处理比较困难。应用显微外科技术，将人体其他部位的骨骼复合组织瓣一次性整体移植修复，疗效肯定。1994年1月-2004年10月采用肩胛骨背阔肌复合组织瓣移植修复小腿外伤后胫骨中等长度缺损及周围软组织缺损8例，获得良好疗效。     

显微外科技术修复四肢软组织损伤

1980年3月～1989年11月,我院采用显微外科技术进行皮瓣移植修复四肢严重创伤后软组织缺损62例,其中男43例,女19例。年龄3 7/(12)～57岁,平均26岁。采用吻合血管肩胛皮瓣移植36例,肩胛骨皮瓣移植9例,背阔肌皮瓣移植6例,足背皮瓣4例,(足母)甲与足背联合皮瓣1例;带血管蒂的皮瓣转移6例,其中肩胛皮瓣1例,背阔肌皮瓣2例,小腿内侧逆行岛状皮瓣3例。皮瓣面积最大22×12cm,最小8×4cm,肩胛骨瓣长5～     

多种背阔肌瓣游离移植修复下肢缺损

目的 寻找应用背阔肌瓣游离移植修复下肢缺损的方法.方法 1996年2月-2008年2月,笔者单位应用游离背阔肌瓣修复下肢皮肤及组织缺损患者42例,其中膝部4例,小腿22例,足、踝部15例,膝下至足背严重撕脱1例.清创后采用背阔肌肌皮瓣、背阔肌肌瓣植皮、保留肌袖的背阔肌穿支皮瓣、分叶背阔肌组织瓣修复创面.组织瓣切取范围18 cm×8 cm～40 cm × 18cm.结果 除3例患者术后发生血管危象,2例供区植皮和1例肌瓣植皮部分坏死外,其余患者创面均一次性愈合.随访3～24个月,6例患者皮瓣外形臃肿,影响穿鞋,再次行皮瓣修薄术;3例肌瓣植皮区有轻度瘢痕挛缩.结论 个性化设计不同形式的背阔肌瓣,可满足下肢皮肤软组织缺损的修复.     

肩胛骨肋骨及背阔肌肌皮瓣复合组织移植修复胫骨长段缺损一例

目的设计以肩胛下血管为蒂的游离肩胛骨外侧缘、肋骨及背阔肌肌皮瓣复合组织移植修复胫骨长段缺损1例,评价其疗效。方法患者,男,39岁。因外伤致胫骨开放性骨折,在外院行清创植皮和外固定支架固定术后5个月,左胫骨中段骨缺损长达12cm,伴胫骨中上段内侧贴骨瘢痕12cm×6cm。设计并切取肩胛下动脉-胸背动脉为蒂的背阔肌肌皮瓣14cm×5cm、胸背动脉肩胛骨支为蒂的肩胛骨外侧缘骨瓣12.5cm、胸背动脉前锯肌支为蒂的前锯肌-第6肋肋骨瓣13cm。将肩胛下动脉和胫后动脉近端吻合,旋肩胛动脉和胫后动脉远端吻合,肩胛下静脉和小隐静脉吻合;肩胛骨外侧缘骨瓣和肋骨瓣修复胫骨缺损,钢板内固定,背阔肌肌皮瓣覆盖原瘢痕创面。结果复合瓣成活,切口期愈合。术后6个月胫骨植骨上下端骨愈合,经2年随访,患肢已部分负重,术后供区肩关节功能无影响。结论肩胛骨肋骨及背阔肌肌皮瓣复合组织移植是修复胫骨长段骨缺损的一种可选择的有效方法。     

应用腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复下肢软组织缺损

目的总结应用腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣和肌瓣修复下肢软组织缺损的临床应用效果。方法用皮瓣修复胫前区软组织缺损5例,其中,上1/3软组织缺损3例,胫骨中1/3缺损2例,供区均选用同侧小腿。皮瓣切取大小4．0 cm×5．0 cm～5．5 cm×8．0 cm。用肌瓣修复髌前区软组织缺损5例,肌瓣切取大小3．5 cm×4．5 cm～5．5 cm×6．6 cm,肌瓣上行一期中厚网状游离植皮。结果2例术后发生表浅感染,经更换敷料逐渐愈合,皮瓣和肌瓣全部成活,所有病例随访10个月～2．8年(平均1年8个月),没有发现明显的供区功能障碍。受区的外形较好,取得了较满意的效果。结论该皮瓣以腓肠内侧动脉的肌皮穿支为血供,具有血供丰富、血管解剖恒定、血管蒂长以及皮瓣较薄的优点,带蒂移植适宜修复下肢软组织缺损。供区不隐蔽是其缺点。     

比目鱼肌肌瓣修复小腿胫前中、下段软组织缺损

目的 探讨应用比目鱼肌肌瓣修复小腿胫前中、下段软组织缺损合并胫骨开放性骨折和(或)骨髓炎的有效性.方法 2007年5月至2011年12月,应用远侧端为全部、近侧端为内侧部的蒂在上端的比目鱼肌肌瓣修复8例小腿胫中、下段软组织缺损合并胫骨开放性骨折和(或)骨髓炎患者,缺损面积为8 cmu×6 cm～12 cm×10cm,其中5例合并慢性骨髓炎,3例合并开放性骨折并发急性骨髓炎.比目鱼肌肌瓣表面以大张中厚皮片覆盖,供瓣区直接闭合.结果 8例患者所移植的比目鱼肌肌瓣,以及覆盖其上的大张中厚皮片均全部成活,且肌肉组织覆盖可靠、骨折愈合,术后随访2～54个月,小腿外形和功能均满意.结论 比目鱼肌肌瓣是修复小腿胫前中、下段软组织缺损合并胫骨开放性骨折和(或)骨髓炎的有效和可行的方法,供区损伤小,修复效果好.     

背阔肌皮瓣移植加外固定器治疗胫腓骨严重开放性骨折

目的探讨背阔肌皮瓣移植加外固定器治疗胫腓骨复杂性骨折伴软组织缺损的方法和临床效果。方法1998年3月至2007年8月收治了胫腓骨复杂性骨折伴大而积软组织缺损11例,在C型臂X线机引导下对骨折端有限复位,以恢复肢体力线和长度．应用Bastiani外固定器固定胫骨,必要时采用有限内固定以稳定骨折端,同时行背阔肌肌皮瓣移植。男8例,女3例;年龄17～58岁。结果随访8～29个月,11例背阔肌肌皮瓣均完全成活,小腿大面积软组织缺损完全覆盖、愈合．骨外固定器固定较牢固,骨折愈合快。术后4～7个月达骨性愈合,患肢功能恢复良好,无骨不连、骨髓炎等并发症。结论背阔肌肌皮瓣移植可1期修复小腿大面积软组织缺损,改善骨折端的血运及抗感染能力,促进骨折愈合。外固定器固定骨折端．固定较牢固．对骨折端创伤小。可早期进行功能锻炼,是治疗胫腓骨复杂性骨折伴软组织缺损的有效方法。     

以肩胛下血管为蒂的组织瓣临床应用

目的探讨以肩胛下血管分支为蒂的组织瓣修复组织缺损的临床应用价值。方法1999年10月～2005年8月收治56例各类软组织骨缺损,其中男36例,女20例;年龄9～52岁。致伤原因：砸压伤11例,机器卷轧伤17例,车祸伤21例,热压伤7例。损伤部位：上肢35例,下肢21例,合并骨缺损6例,长3～8cm。急诊手术21例,受伤至手术时间2～7h;亚急诊手术27例;二期手术8例。组织缺损范围10cm×5cm～30cm×16cm。根据清创后创面的具体情况,选用背阔肌皮瓣、背阔肌穿支皮瓣、前锯肌（背阔肌）筋膜瓣加植皮术、背阔肌肌皮瓣联合肩胛骨瓣、背阔肌及前锯肌多叶筋膜瓣,分别修复创面。切取皮瓣范围11.0cm×5.5cm～30cm×17cm。结果56例移植组织瓣均成活,其中2例术后出现血管危象,行探查术后成活;1例皮瓣远端坏死,经换药后愈合。术后创面期愈合51例,延期愈合4例,1例行截肢术。48例获5～40个月随访,3例术后出现瘢痕挛缩,行二期整复。6例骨缺损,骨愈合时间为3～8个月,肢体功能恢复较满意。结论肩胛下血管分支为蒂的组织瓣是修复各种创面缺损的一种理想供区。     

应用带少许肌袖的背阔肌肌皮瓣修复下肢软组织缺损

目的探讨应用带少许肌袖的背阔肌肌皮瓣移植修复下肢软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2000年6月～2006年12月,应用带少许肌袖的背阔肌肌皮瓣移植修复8例下肢软组织缺损患者。男6例,女2例;年龄25～69岁。其中创面位于足跟3例,足背2例,胫前2例,右小腿鳞癌1例。软组织缺损范围10cm×7cm～18cm×12cm,皮瓣切取范围15cm×8cm～22cm×15cm。结果术后6例皮瓣成活;1例术后2h出现皮瓣血管危象,经探查重新吻合静脉,植皮后成活;1例胫前创面因骨髓炎感染,经引流后皮瓣成活。创面及供区均期愈合。8例患者获随访3～12个月。皮瓣外形满意,无臃肿。供区功能不受影响。结论应用带少许肌袖的背阔肌肌皮瓣移植是修复大面积肢体软组织缺损较为理想方法之一。     

游离腹直肌瓣加植皮修复小腿及足踝部软组织缺损

目的探讨应用游离腹直肌瓣加中厚游离植皮修复小腿和足踝部软组织缺损的方法和疗效.方法 1998年5月～2002年12月,采用以腹壁下动、静脉为蒂的一侧腹直肌瓣游离移植加中厚植皮修复2例小腿、9例足踝部因外伤所致软组织缺损伴有骨、肌腱外露及骨髓炎患者.病程为1个月～10年.缺损范围3 cm×4 cm～8 cm×14 cm;切取腹直肌瓣4 cm×6 cm～8 cm×15 cm.结果术后11例移植肌瓣均成活,8例创口Ⅰ期愈合,3例移植中厚皮片坏死经再植皮后愈合.11例术后获随访6个月～4年,外形及功能良好.结论游离腹直肌瓣加中厚游离植皮修复小腿与足踝部软组织缺损具有血运好、抗感染力强和顺应性好等优点,可用于填充缺损及修复不规则创面,术后外形良好,克服了肌皮瓣肥厚臃肿的缺点.     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.