背阔肌的组织化学特征研究

本文用酸碱预孵育肌球蛋白ATP酶法、乳酸脱氢酶法、油红O法、PAS法,研究了20只犬的背阔肌.结果表明,用肌球蛋白ATP酶法可将肌纤维分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型.Ⅰ型可分为3个亚型,Ⅱ型可分为ⅡA、ⅡB和ⅡC3个亚型.Ⅱ型肌纤维在背阔肌中占的比例大.Ⅱ型肌纤维含有较多糖原,Ⅰ型肌纤维含有较多脂肪颗粒.通过酶的染色观察,Ⅰ型、ⅡB和ⅡC亚型肌纤维的乳酸脱氢酶活性强弱无明显差别,ⅡA亚型肌纤维乳酸脱氢酶活性较弱.本文对背阔肌组织化学特征进行了讨论.     

雄激素对幼年大鼠坐骨海绵体肌肌纤维类型的调节

目的：了解雄激素对幼年大鼠雌雄异形性坐骨海绵体肌肌纤维形态的影响。材料和方法：给５天龄的雌性和雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠持续５周肌肉注射丙酸睾丸酮，用碱性预孵育液处理的肌球蛋白三磷酸腺苷酶染色法对坐骨海绵体肌肌纤维染色分型。结果：正常大鼠坐骨海本肌有两型肌纤维：直径较小，染成黑色的ⅡＡ型和直径较大鼠坐骨海本肌有两型肌染成浅灰色的ⅡＢ型，其比例分别约为４０％和６０％。的性雄激素使幼年雄性和雌性大鼠坐骨海绵     

大鼠胸深肌肌纤维型的组成及分布

目的探讨SD大鼠胸深肌的肌纤维型组成和分布,借以了解该肌功能。方法采用Guth-Samaha肌球蛋白ATP酶组织化学染色法并稍做改良,对成年SD大鼠胸深肌冰冻切片进行肌纤维分型研究。结果大鼠胸深肌经肌球蛋白ATP酶组织化学染色后可明确分出2型肌纤维,即明亮色白的Ⅰ型纤维(慢缩纤维)和幽暗深褐的Ⅱ型纤维(快缩纤维),并且,两种纤维在肌内呈棋盘样均匀分布;图像分析仪下计数Ⅱ型纤维达到65%±6%,而Ⅰ纤维仅占35%±5%,前者明显高于后者(P<0.01)。结论大鼠胸深肌以Ⅱ型纤维为主,属于力量和速度型肌。     

实验大鼠斜方肌肌纤维型组成及分布研究

目的探讨大鼠斜方肌的肌纤维型组成和分布,借以了解该肌功能。方法取成年SD大鼠斜方肌升部肌组织进行冰冻切片(8μm厚),采用Guth-Samaha肌球蛋白ATP酶组织化学染色法并稍做改良,对其进行肌纤维分型研究。结果SD大鼠斜方肌经肌球蛋白ATP酶组织化学染色后可明确分出2种肌纤维型,即白色的Ⅰ型纤维(慢缩纤维)和深褐色的Ⅱ型纤维(快缩纤维),2种肌纤维在肌内呈棋盘样均匀分布;图像分析计数其Ⅰ型纤维占(48.8±6.9)%,Ⅱ型纤维比例为(51.2±6.9)%,2者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论SD大鼠斜方肌2型肌纤维所占比例均等,与其维持颈背部姿势的作用一致。     

羊髋部和大腿肌组织的肌纤维类型分布

<正> 组成肌肉内肌纤维类型与其运动和姿势的功能有关。作者在本文检测了组成羊的髋部和大腿肌肉的肌纤维类型和不同的分布。分别以肌球蛋白ATP酶和NADH四唑鎓还原酶(NADH——TR)活动把肌纤维分为Ⅰ型,ⅡA和ⅡB型。股中间肌只由Ⅰ型肌纤维组成,这些纤维显示出弱硷稳定肌球蛋白ATP酶和强NADH——TR活性。臀辅     

大鼠胸浅肌肌纤维型组成及其葡萄糖转运蛋白4表达特征

目的:研究大鼠胸浅肌不同肌纤维型的组成分布及其葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)表达差异,了解该肌功能。方法:采用Guth-Samaha肌球蛋白ATP酶染色法并稍做改良,对成年SD大鼠胸浅肌冰冻切片进行肌纤维分型研究,并用免疫组织化学法对肌纤维分型后的切片进行GLUT4表达分析。结果:大鼠胸浅肌经肌球蛋白ATP酶染色后可明确分出明亮色白的Ⅰ型纤维和幽暗深褐的Ⅱ型纤维,2种纤维在肌内呈棋盘样均匀分布;Ⅰ型纤维比例为(52·6±6·3)%,Ⅱ纤维为(48·4±5·7)%,两者比例均等。免疫组织化学显色结果显示,GLUT4主要存在于包裹肌束的肌膜和Ⅰ型纤维膜上,而Ⅱ型纤维膜表达不明显。结论:大鼠胸浅肌两型纤维比例均等,属耐力兼速度型肌;Ⅰ型纤维膜的GLUT4表达高于Ⅱ型纤维,表明前者葡萄糖摄取能力高于后者。     

大鼠腹外斜肌肌纤维型组成及分布研究

目的探讨大鼠腹外斜肌的肌纤维型组成和分布,借以了解该肌功能,并为运动训练模型的建立提供理论依据和研究平台。方法采用Guth-Samaha肌球蛋白ATP酶组织化学染色法并稍做改良,对成年SD大鼠腹外斜肌冰冻切片进行肌纤维分型研究。结果SD大鼠腹外斜肌经肌球蛋白ATP酶组织化学染色后可明确分出2型肌纤维,即明亮色白的Ⅰ型纤维(慢缩纤维)和幽暗深褐的Ⅱ型纤维(快缩纤维),并且,2种纤维在肌内呈棋盘样均匀分布;图像分析仪下计数Ⅱ型纤维达到(84.8±5.3)%,而Ⅰ纤维仅占(15.2±2.1)%,前者占绝对优势(P<0.01)。结论SD大鼠腹外斜肌以Ⅱ型纤维为主,除了起保护腹腔脏器作用外,还参与力量和速度运动。     

肌球蛋白ATP酶组化染色法及其应用

近年来,肌肉组织化学技术已成为诊断肌病的主要工具之一。肌球蛋白的ATP酶染色是鉴别Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型肌纤维最理想的反应酶,肌肉收缩     

人四肢骨骼肌两型肌纤维的横切面积研究

目的 为查清人四肢骨骼肌两型肌纤维的横切面积和直径。方法 用死后２４ｈ内男性尸体５具（年龄２１￣２８岁）,分别取双侧上、下肢２９块肌共４８块肌组织,作恒冷箱冰冻横切片。以肌球蛋白ＡＴＰ酶组织化学染色（ｐＨ９．４）,将肌纤维分为Ｉ型和Ⅱ型。用网形测微尺测量两型肌纤维的横切面积和直径。结果 人四肢不同骨骼肌的肌纤维粗细各不相同,其平均横切面积范围在１７８０￣４７６０μｍ＾２之间,平均直径为４７．６￣７     

低氧高糖条件下家兔骨骼肌Ⅰ型纤维向Ⅱ型纤维转化的作用

目的通过在体外对家兔骨骼肌两型肌纤维细胞进行不同培养方法的摸索和对其标志蛋白MHC同功型变化的检测,探索两型肌纤维细胞间的转化条件。方法运用改良的肌球蛋白ATP酶组织化学染色法对家兔骨骼肌的肌纤维类型进行染色并观察;应用RT-PCR方法检测在不同培养条件下家兔骨骼肌MHC亚型mRNA的表达情况。结果肌组织消化组:固有半膜肌表达MHCⅠ型及少量的MHCⅡ型,副半膜肌表达MHCⅡa和Ⅱb型。细胞培养组:常氧高糖组固有半膜肌表达MHCⅡa和Ⅱb,不表达MHCⅠ型;副半膜肌表达MHCⅡa和Ⅱb,不表达MHCⅠ型;低氧高糖组固有半膜肌表达MHCⅡa和Ⅱb,不表达MHCⅠ型;副半膜肌表达MHCⅡb,不表达MHCⅠ型。结论含15%FBS的常氧高糖培养基适宜骨骼肌细胞生长,并且在低氧高糖条件下,骨骼肌Ⅰ型纤维有向Ⅱ型纤维转化的趋势。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964