基于LEADTOOLS的DICOM标准医学图像通讯的研究

支持DICOM协议是PACS系统的基本特征,而DICOM存储和查询获取则是DICOM通讯中的关键环节。本文利用LEADTOOLS14.5是LEADTOOLS公司最新开发的医学软件开发包,它提供了完成DICOM通信的各种类库,在此基础上本文对SCU和SCP之间的DICOM协商、存储、查询与获取等通讯过程进行了探讨。为各种医学信号与图像设备、服务器、及诊断工作站,提供了符合DICOM 3.0标准的通信功能。     

基于TCP/IP协议的多床位远程监护系统的设计

目的：建立一个基于TCP/IP协议的多床位远程生理参数监护系统,对常年卧床的老龄患者进行生理参数的实时监测,为家庭、社区及基层医疗机构提供远程监护和及时的医疗救护。方法：在医用护理床上加入生理参数监护模块,床边配置平板电脑作为上位机和人机交互界面,上位机与监护模块之间通过RS232串口通信,构成独立的床边监护终端。利用网络交换设备将多个床边监护终端与中心监护基站相连结,分别开发客户端和服务器端程序,采用基于TCP/IP的客户端/服务端Socket网络通信协议实现生理参数数据传输与远程监护控制。并在中心监护基站上利用数据库同步技术,设计了可查询病史的电子病历。结果：各床边监护终端既可独立工作,又可接入网络,与中心监护基站建立起C/S模式的多参数生理监护局域网系统。结论：系统可以根据实际需要灵活配置,利用现有的电脑和网络设备就可以实现生理信息实时传输与远程控制,适应当前新的医学模式。不但可以实现疾病院前早期预防、早期诊断,同时可以有效降低医疗成本,提高医护人员工作效率。     

基于WiFi技术的嵌入式病房监护系统的设计

目的:针对当前病房监护系统的缺陷,介绍了一种基于WiFi技术的嵌入式病房监护系统。方法:采用以S3C2440为核心的硬件平台和基于Linux操作系统的软件平台,利用无线局域网技术,实现对病人体温、呼吸频率和心率等生理参数的远程监测功能,及时的反应病人的身体状况。结果:经实验室检测,能实现正常通信功能,最大通信距离200米,满足一般医院需求,具有很大的实用价值。结论:能远程监控病人的生理参数,并对非正常的情况作出报警,很大程度的减少了护士的工作量,方便实用,具有良好的扩展性和广泛的应用前景。     

基于DICOM的医学影像设备接口设计与实现

医学影像存档与通讯系统(Picture Archiving and Communication Systems,PACS)是目前医院信息化建设的热点,医学数字成像和通信标准(Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine,DICOM)是有关医学图像及其相关信息的数据编码及通讯的国际标准,支持DICOM标准是医学影像设备并入PACS网络的必要条件。为使目前尚不符合DICOM标准的影像设备有效并入PACS系统,必须为其添加DICOM接口。我们介绍了DICOM信息模型并实现了接口的软件系统,重点介绍了应用VisualC 编程实现DICOM服务中的C-STORE和DCM文件的读写功能。     

基于ARM的多通信方式的监护仪设计与实现

设计一种基于ARM的具有多种通信方式的多参数监护仪.以ARM9芯片S3C2440为控制核心,设计了生理信号采集电路、人机交互电路和通信接口电路,实现了心电、呼吸、血压、脉搏、体温和血氧饱和度的监测,并通过WiFi、GPRS和DM9000的接口设计,实现不同环境和条件下的有线和无线通信功能.软件采用Linux+QT平台编写,实现监护参数的分析处理、结果显示、记录和远程通信功能.对30位受试者,采用本监护仪和国产监护仪进行生理参数测量和比较.结果表明,本监护仪的测量验证的平均准确率为92.2％,可满足临床生理参数监护的使用要求,而且多种通信方式方便建立局域网和Internet网络连接,为远程医疗和家庭医疗提供条件.     

基于NT服务的DICOM服务器端软件的设计

本文详细介绍了Windows NT以及Windows 2000操作系统下NT系统服务的设计过程，以及医学影像系统中数字图像通讯协议(DICOM)，并以此为基础，介绍了DICOM服务器端软件的系统服务程序的设计流程，以实现DICOM协议中服务类提供方(SCP)的功能。     

基于低压电力线的病房监护系统设计

目的:介绍一种基于低压电力线通信的病房监护系统。方法:电力线通信优点多多,本文把电力线通信用到病房监护系统中,利用电力线载波通信技术、单片机多机通信和计算机监控管理技术,设计出一种基于低压电力线通信的主从结构的病房监护系统。结果:经试验室检测该系统能够实现正确的通信功能,最大通讯距离为300m,能够满足一般医院的要求。结论:此系统不需要布线,即插即用,可远程监控病人的体温、脉搏和血压等生理数据,并对非正常数据做出报警指示,极大地减少了护士的工作量,具有广阔的应用前景。     

医学图像存档和传输系统打印管理服务功能的实现

打印管理是组成医学图像存档和传输(PACS)系统的重要功能模块，必须按照DICOM标准来设计。本简述DICOM中的传输和打印管理服务的基本内容，对打印管理模块的功能进行了分析，在此基础上介绍了打印管理模块的实现，并列出了用DELPHI实现的程序模块以及实现时需注意的一些具体问题。     

单片机在生理参数监护系统中的应用

本系统主要用于模拟失重条件下的卧床实验室.研究失重条件下航天员的生理、心理变化规律.寻找防护或对抗措施.它可同时对8名卧床受试者生理状态进行长期监测,每名受试者被测信号有心电、脑电、呼吸波、体表温度.监护分床旁监护和中心监护,能实时进行参数检测、波形监视和越限报警.生理参数的提取、检测和处理由单片处理器完成.八个床旁监护装置和中心监护装置构成一个多机通信和分布式的二级处理系统,整个系统在单片微机的控制下,实现信号和数据的转输、信号自动监视、记录、回放和生理指标的两级监护.该系统可应用于其它医学实验室,在临床危重病人监护中具有开发应用价值.     

“危重监护与输液控制诊疗一体化系统”的医护PDA设计

目的：＂危重监护与输液控制诊疗一体化系统＂是通过监护输液基站控制注射泵或输液泵等多个输液设备协调工作、同时采集生理数据进行闭环控制的一套输液系统。本文主要以Windows Phone 7.5智能手机为硬件基础,设计和开发＂危重监护与输液控制诊疗一体化系统＂的医护PDA,通过无线Wi-Fi网络,使用户能方便地访问一体化系统,查看病人的生理参数和输液状态等相关信息。方法：把Windows Phone 7.5智能手机作为客户端,利用其自带的无线Wi-Fi功能,通过医院的无线局域网,和＂危重监护与输液控制诊疗一体化系统＂的中央监控服务器通过Socket接口进行通信,从而实时显示监护输液基站的输液状态和生理参数信息。同时利用Push Notification推送通知服务,一旦中央监控服务器上发生报警,就能及时将报警信息发送到医护PDA上。开发PDA所使用的集成开发环境为Visual Studio 2010,编程语言为C#,利用了Silverlight等开发技术。结果：实现了医护PDA和中央监控服务器之间的通信连接。医护人员能通过无线局域网,在医护PDA上实时查看输液状态和生理参数信息,及时获取报警信息。使用方便,运行可靠。结论：所开发的医护PDA由医护人员随身携带,能方便医护人员对＂危重监护与输液控制诊疗一体化系统＂的访问,使医护人员能在ICU病房之外,也能随时了解输液信息和生理参数等,及时处理输液问题。提高了医护人员的工作效率。     

Leveraging Internet Technologies with DICOM WADO

The digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) 3.0 standard was first officially ratified by the national electrical manufacturers association in 1993. The success of the DICOM open standard cannot be overstated in its ability to enable an explosion of innovation in the best of breed picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) industry. At the heart of the success of allowing interoperability between disparate systems have been three fundamental DICOM operations: C-MOVE, C-FIND, and C-STORE. DICOM C-MOVE oversees the transfer of DICOM Objects between two systems using C-STORE. DICOM C-FIND negotiates the ability to discover DICOM objects on another node. This paper will discuss the efforts within the DICOM standard to adapt this core functionality to Internet standards. These newer DICOM standards look to address the next generation of PACS challenges including highly distributed mobile acquisition systems and viewing platforms.     

Real-Time Patient Radiation Dose Monitoring System Used in a Large University Hospital

Radiation dose monitoring in medical imaging examination areas is mandatory for the reduction of patient radiation exposure. Recently, dose monitoring techniques that use digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) dose structured reports (SR) have been introduced. The present paper discusses the setup of a radiation dose monitoring system based on DICOM data from university hospitals in Korea. This system utilizes the radiation dose data-archiving method of standard DICOM dose SR combined with a DICOM modality performed procedure step (MPPS). The analysis of dose data based on a method utilizing DICOM tag information is proposed herein. This method supports the display of dose data from non-dosimeter-attached X-ray equipment. This system tracks data from 62 pieces of equipment to analyze digital radiographic, mammographic, mobile radiographic, CT, PET-CT, angiographic, and fluorographic modalities.     

Assessment of DICOM Viewers Capable of Loading Patient-specific 3D Models Obtained by Different Segmentation Platforms in the Operating Room

Patient-specific 3D models obtained by the segmentation of volumetric diagnostic images play an increasingly important role in surgical planning. Surgeons use the virtual models reconstructed through segmentation to plan challenging surgeries. Many solutions exist for the different anatomical districts and surgical interventions. The possibility to bring the 3D virtual reconstructions with native radiological images in the operating room is essential for fostering the use of intraoperative planning. To the best of our knowledge, current DICOM viewers are not able to simultaneously connect to the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and import 3D models generated by external platforms to allow a straight integration in the operating room. A total of 26 DICOM viewers were evaluated: 22 open source and four commercial. Two DICOM viewers can connect to PACS and import segmentations achieved by other applications: Synapse 3D® by Fujifilm and OsiriX by University of Geneva. We developed a software network that converts diffuse visual tool kit (VTK) format 3D model segmentations, obtained by any software platform, to a DICOM format that can be displayed using OsiriX or Synapse 3D. Both OsiriX and Synapse 3D were suitable for our purposes and had comparable performance. Although Synapse 3D loads native images and segmentations faster, the main benefits of OsiriX are its user-friendly loading of elaborated images and it being both free of charge and open source.     

VirtualPACS—A Federating Gateway to Access Remote Image Data Resources over the Grid

Collaborations in biomedical research and clinical studies require that data, software, and computational resources be shared between geographically distant institutions. In radiology, there is a related issue of sharing remote DICOM data over the Internet. This paper focuses on the problem of federating multiple image data resources such that clients can interact with them as if they are stored in a centralized PACS. We present a toolkit, called VirtualPACS, to support this functionality. Using the toolkit, users can perform standard DICOM operations (query, retrieve, and submit) across distributed image databases. The key features of the toolkit are: (1) VirtualPACS makes it easy to use existing DICOM client applications for data access; (2) it can easily be incorporated into an imaging workflow as a DICOM source; (3) using VirtualPACS, heterogeneous collections of DICOM sources are exposed to clients through a uniform interface and common data model; and (4) DICOM image databases without DICOM messaging can be accessed.

Experience with Importation of Electronic Images into the Medical Record from Physical Media

The purpose of this article is to describe a system we developed for importing images on compact discs (CDs) from external imaging departments into our clinical image viewing system, and to report on key metrics regarding veracity of information seen on the CDs. We recommend careful attention to the process of CD importation because of the error rate we have seen. We developed a system and process for importing images on CD into our EMR. The importation system scans the CD for digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) images, and collects all patient information seen. That information is presented to the patient for verification. Once validated, the image data is copied into our clinical viewing system. The importation system includes facilities for collecting instances of incorrect data. About 90% of images are now exchanged between our healthcare enterprise and other entities via CD. Data for the wrong patient (e.g., the wrong CD) is seen in about 0.1% of cases, and a similar number of CDs have data for more than one patient on the CD(s) the patient bring to our facility. Most data are now exchanged via DICOM files. DICOM images burned onto CD media are now commonly used for image exchange. However, applications to import DICOM images are not enough. One must implement a process to assure high confidence that the data imported belongs to the patient you are importing.     

Open-Source,Web-Based Dashboard Components for DICOM Connectivity

The administration of a DICOM network within an imaging healthcare institution requires tools that allow for monitoring of connectivity and availability for adequate uptime measurements and help guide technology management strategies. We present the implementation of an open-source widget for the Dashing framework that provides basic dashboard functionality allowing for monitoring of a DICOM network using network “ping” and DICOM “C-ECHO” operations.     

DICOM介质存储的实现技术

实用利用可移动的存储介质进行DICOM医学图像的数据存储与交换。方法提出DICOM介质存储的三层模型,基于五种基本操作和根据实际临床需要设计的两种操作,将介质存储方案分为两个模块即数据导入和数据导出。结果根据本文实现的应用软件可以实现符合DICOM标准的介质存储,并适当扩充了功能,较好地满足了医疗图像的数据存储与交换的要求。结论在实现标准的过程中,可以找到一种不同的方式,使得软件更适合临床环境,可以根据实际需要在符合标准的基础上进行功能扩充。