成人甲状舌管囊肿误诊为会厌囊肿1例

甲状舌管囊肿为先天性甲状舌管闭合不全引起的疾病,多在青少年期发病。甲状舌管囊肿可发生在舌盲孔至胸骨上切迹之间颈中线的任何部位。检查时多见颈部皮下呈半圆形隆起,边缘清楚,随吞咽上下活动。甲状舌管囊肿若向会厌前间隙方向增大,而不伴有颈前部肿块患者常被误诊为会厌囊肿、舌根淋巴组织增生。齐岩等报道1例患者因被诊断为会厌囊肿而反复行支撑喉镜下囊肿切除手术,均于术后不久复发。笔者接诊1例成人甲状舌管囊肿患者,临床误诊为会厌囊肿,报道如下。     

颈外径路Sistrunk手术治疗成人复发性舌甲状舌管囊肿的临床分析

目的 探讨成人复发性舌甲状舌管囊肿（LTGDC）的临床特点、误诊原因及手术治疗。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月—2021年3月收治的6例反复复发的成年LTGDC患者,术前行甲状腺B超提示甲状腺位置并排除异位甲状腺,颈部CT检查明确肿物大小、部位及与舌骨的关系,喉咽部MRI明确肿物性质。手术均采用颈外径路Sistrunk手术。结果 6例患者曾误诊为会厌囊肿4例,舌根囊肿2例,均已行囊肿切除术,复发时间3周至1年。所有患者行颈外径路Sistrunk手术完整切除甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管,术后病理确诊为甲状舌管囊肿。术后随访1年以上无复发。结论 复发性舌根部或会厌间隙的囊性肿物应考虑LTGDC的可能性。所有患者术前均应行喉镜检查和颈部影像学检查以了解囊肿的形态、位置及其和舌骨的关系来选择手术方式。对于成人复发性LTGDC,Sistrunk手术可彻底切除囊肿减少复发。     

舌异位甲状腺的诊断与治疗

目的探讨舌异位甲状腺的诊断与治疗.方法分析我院12例舌异位甲状腺患者的临床治疗资料,其中采用异位甲状腺全切除4例,部分切除5例,次全切除加带蒂移植1例,次全切除加游离移植1例,次全切除加部分带蒂移植加游离移植1例.所有病人经半年以上随访.结果甲状腺功能低下1例,复发3例,其余8例术后情况良好.结论作者强调同位素扫描在舌异位甲状腺诊断中的作用,活检应谨慎,术前应了解甲状腺功能及颈部正常位置有无甲状腺的存在.治疗上,如患者无症状,异位甲状腺无恶变,可不予治疗;如患者有明显症状,颈部尚存正常甲状腺,可作全切除术;若颈部无正常腺体,同时进行带蒂移植和游离移植是最合理的手术方法.     

核素显像鉴别颈前区包块来源的临床价值

目的:回顾分析甲状腺核素显像在颈前区包块鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法:对69例耳鼻咽喉科门诊首诊发现颈前区来源不明包块的患者行过锝酸盐(99mTcO4-)显像,根据结果选择行99mTc-甲氧基异丁基异腈(99mTc-MIBI)肿瘤阳性显像和甲状腺灌注显像。显像结果结合随访及病理诊断结果进行分析。结果:69例中33例(47.8%)包块位于甲状腺内,36例(52.2%)包块位于甲状腺外。甲状腺包块中发现亚急性甲状腺炎12例,2例临床诊断为甲状舌管囊肿者发现为异位甲状腺;甲状腺外包块中甲状舌管囊肿27例。结论:甲状腺包块的99mTcO4-、99mTc-MIBI阳性显像及血流灌注显像对于鉴别诊断颈前区病变是否来源于甲状腺及甲状舌管囊肿与异位甲状腺的鉴别具有良好的应用价值。     

食管入口部的异位甲状腺副叶

甲状腺发生自胚胎原咽尾端的3个胚芽，发育过程中向尾端移动，其发有异常最常见者为甲舌管未消失而遗留甲舌囊肿或瘘；也可见部分或全部甲状腺下降不全，其异位生长的副叶可发生于舌根、会厌、颈其他部位、胸骨后间隙、甚至心包部。有关文献报道少，仪1967年l＼。3lP。11列举30余处可能出现甲状腺异位的部位，包括食管周围，异位甲状腺有恶变倾向，也叮终生无症状。作者报告1例67岁男性，因怀疑自刺异物，下咽部无异常而改行食管镜检，在食管入口部管腔内见1X0．scm粉红色、表面有小结节的软而有弹性的肿块，蒂来自后壁，放入食管镜时使蒂…     

头颈外科

20010007舌异位甲状腺的诊断与治疗/许耀东…//中国耳鼻咽喉颅底外科杂志一2000.6(2)一83~85 目的:探讨舌异位甲状腺的诊断与治疗。方法:分析12例舌异位甲状腺患者的临床治疗资料,其中采用异位甲状腺全切除4例,部分切除5例,次全切除加带蒂移植1例,次全切除加游离移植1例,次全切除加部分带蒂移植加游离移植l例。所有病人经半年以上随访。结果:甲状腺功能低下l例.复发3例.其余8例术后情况良好。结论:强调同位素扫描在舌异位甲状腺诊断中的作用,活检应谨慎,术前应了解甲状腺功能及颈部正常位置有无甲状腺的存在。治疗上,如患者无症状,异位甲状…     

异位甲状腺3例报告

我科自1972年以来经治3例异位甲状腺，其中2例位于舌根，1例位于舌骨。报告如下。例亚男，23岁。因发现颈部肿块3年就诊。体检：颈部中线舌骨水平可触及一l·5cmXI·5cm大小的包块，质软，活动度好。初步诊断：甲状舌管囊肿。入院后在局麻下行甲状舌管囊肿切除术。术中见肿物呈紫红色，包膜完整，有一管状蒂沿中线向下延伸，分离至甲状软骨水平切断，完整取出肿块。病理报告：甲状腺组织。术后1年出现双下肢凹陷性水肿，以甲状腺功能减退入内科行替代疗法，后失去联系。例2女，38岁。因咽痛1年进食有梗塞感8个月，加重10d就诊。间接很镜检…     

舌甲状腺的评估与处理

舌甲状腺是指位于舌根部中线舌轮廓乳头与会厌之间的异位甲状腺，由于胚胎发有早期（3～7周）甲状腺原基未能正常下降所致，组织学表现与正常甲状腺无异。该病少见，发生率约为1／100000，女性与男性的比例为4：1～7：1，大多数患者颈部无正常甲状腺组织，约33％临床检查有甲状腺机能低下。舌甲状腺主要表现为口咽阻塞的相关症状，如进食及吞咽困难，呼吸不畅，发音障碍，出血等。可出现险吗，多见于新生儿。根据起病年龄可分为两种类型：一类是婴幼儿，多在常规检查时发现舌根部肿块，常有发育不良和精神发育迟缓；一类于青春期前或青春期…     

舌骨下迷走甲状腺并囊性变1例

异位甲状腺最多见于舌，其次为颈部和胸内，发生于舌骨下迷走甲状腺并囊性变较罕见，现报告1例如下。     

异位甲状腺及其误诊误治

目的：探讨异位甲状腺的临床特征、诊断及治疗,以减少其误诊、误治。方法：报告4例异位甲状腺患者的临床资料,结合文献复习,对异位甲状腺的临床流行病学特点、诊断、治疗及其误诊、误治原因等进行分析。结果：4例异位甲状腺患者均被误诊为甲状舌管囊肿,其中3例发生良、恶性肿瘤。结论：耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医师对异位甲状腺的认识不足和缺少细致缜密的检查是导致其误诊、误治的主要原因。     

A review of heterotopia and associated salivary gland neoplasms of the head and neck.

Salivary tissue neoplasms may involve normal, accessory and heterotopic salivary gland tissue. A case of Warthin's tumour originating from heterotopic salivary gland tissue of the upper neck is reported. The radioactive uptake of 131I, evidenced in the neck mass in its pre-diagnostic assessment, suggested a diagnosis of cervical node involvement from a primary malignant thyroid neoplasm. A critical review of the literature on heterotopic salivary gland tissue neoplasms of the head and neck is also presented.     

Preoperative sonography in presumed thyroglossal duct cysts

OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of ultrasonography as a sole diagnostic study in the preoperative preparation of patients with presumed thyroglossal duct cysts. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTINGS: Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Ill. PATIENTS: Forty-five pediatric patients with midline masses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Accuracy in the determination of a normally positioned thyroid gland excluding the presence of a solitary ectopic thyroid gland. RESULTS: A retrospective chart review was performed at our institution for the period February 1990 to January 1996. A total of 45 patients with midline masses were identified, 39 of whom had undergone preoperative ultrasonography as their sole diagnostic imaging study. In all 39 patients, both a cyst and a normal thyroid gland were identified. All 39 patients underwent the standard Sistrunk procedure. Thirty-seven patients had pathologically confirmed thyroglossal duct cysts. The remaining 2 had dermoid cysts. There were no cases of postoperative hypothyroidism. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ectopic thyroid in the diagnosis of thyroglossal duct cysts has been reported to be as high as 1% to 2%. In our surgical and clinical experience, the actual incidence of solitary ectopic thyroid tissue is substantially lower. Nevertheless, to prevent the inadvertent removal of the only functioning thyroid tissue, with resultant postoperative hypothyroidism and possible medicolegal consequences, we advocate the routine preoperative identification of normal thyroid gland. We recommend ultrasound as an accurate, cost-effective, noninvasive imaging modality in the preoperative evaluation of all patients with neck masses suspicious for thyroglossal duct cyst. Also, it does not require sedation.     

Lateral neck mass. Sole presenting sign of metastatic thyroid cancer

Two hundred sixty-eight cases of thyroid cancer treated at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, from 1974 to 1984 were evaluated. Thirty-six patients had, as the sole presenting sign, a lateral neck mass that proved to be metastatic thyroid cancer. In every instance, the thyroid gland was clinically normal on initial evaluation. Thyroid scans were found to be of little value in the preoperative evaluation of the lateral neck mass. Surgical treatment consisted of total thyroidectomy and modified or radical neck dissection. Foci of thyroid cancer were found on pathologic evaluation of all thyroid glands removed, supporting the concept of metastatic cancer rather than the lateral aberrant thyroid associated with developmental cell rests.     

Thyroglossal duct carcinoma

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this paper is to review the presentation and management of thyroglossal duct carcinoma. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent articles have analyzed the value of preoperative investigation and have addressed some of the controversies in the management of such tumors; in particular, the optimal surgical management of the thyroid gland, as well as optimal management of lymph node metastases, the role of thyroid suppression therapy, and radioactive iodine therapy. SUMMARY: Thyroglossal duct carcinoma is uncommon, occurring in approximately 1% of all thyroglossal duct cysts. It is often diagnosed incidentally after surgical excision. Ninety-four percent of carcinomas are of thyroid origin, with most being papillary in nature, and 6% are of squamous cell origin. Incidentally discovered, well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma of the thyroglossal duct, in the presence of a clinically and radiologically normal thyroid gland, can be managed adequately by the Sistrunk operation. Those patients with more advanced disease require more aggressive treatment. This may include a total thyroidectomy with or without neck dissection in addition to the Sistrunk operation, followed by radioactive iodine therapy and thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression. The prognosis is generally excellent with adequately treated disease.     

无注气甲状腺内镜外科手术

目的 初步评价无注气的内镜甲状腺外科手术的可行性。方法 对16例甲状腺肿物的患者分别采用颈前悬吊方法和胸骨柄上方2-3 cm水平切口进行甲状腺内镜外科手术,年龄23-62岁,其中甲状腺瘤6例,结节性甲状腺肿10例。2例采用锁骨下入路,14例采用胸骨柄上小切口入路,全部内镜下完成甲状腺手术,其中甲状腺腺叶切除术8例,甲状腺次全切除术7例,峡部加双侧腺叶部分切除术1例。结果 内镜下利于显露和识别喉返神经和甲状旁腺,手术时间为1.1-4.0 h,无并发症,术后的美观效果好。结论 无注气内镜下甲状腺外科手术技术是可行和安全的,可作为甲状腺外科的一种新术式。     

Dual ectopic thyroid: report of a case

Dual ectopic thyroid is very rare. We report a case of dual ectopic thyroid in the lingual and infrahyoid areas in a 20-year-old female patient with no thyroid gland in its normal anatomical location. On physical examination, there was a 7 x 5 cm anterior midline neck swelling just below the hyoid bone and a 2 x 2 cm mass in the base of the tongue. Triiodothyronine (T(3)), thyroxine (T(4)), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were normal. A thyroid scan with technetium-99m sodium pertechnate confirmed dual ectopic thyroid with no iodine uptake in the normal anatomical location of the thyroid gland. The infrahyoid ectopic thyroid was surgically removed for cosmetic reasons, and the lingual thyroid, which was symptomatic, was left untouched. The importance of thyroid scanning in the evaluation of anterior midline neck swellings and treatment options are discussed.     

A case of follicular carcinoma of thyroid gland with concurrent tuberculous lymphadenitises

We report a case of follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland with concurrent tuberculous lymphadenitises as neck lymph node metastases of thyroid carcinoma. A 71-year-old woman presented with multiple painless masses in the thyroid gland and painless lymphadenopathies in the right neck. She and her family had no previous history of tuberculosis. A diagnosis of thyroid cancer with lymph node metastases was made, and the patient underwent total thyroidectomy with neck dissection. Lymph nodes were hard and severely adhered to the internal jugular vein. The histopathological diagnosis was follicular carcinoma and multiple nodes of adenomatous goiter of the thyroid gland, and tuberculous lymphadenitises of lymph nodes in the right neck. There was no findings of coexisting pulmonary tuberculosis. The possibility of coexisting tuberculous lymphadenitis must thus be ruled out when we find painless lymph node swelling in aged patients with head and neck cancer including thyroid cancer.     

Treatment of a thyroid neoplasm infiltrating the respiratory-digestive tracts

From 1992 to 1999, 58 thyroid gland operations (41 female and 17 male) were performed in ENT Department of the District Hospital in Rzeszów. In 14 (21.4%) cases (9 female and 5 male) thyroid surgery was done for malignant disorders: papillary carcinoma in 11 (79%) patients, follicular carcinoma in 2 patients and medullary carcinoma in 1 patient. There were neck metastases in 9/14 (64.4%) patients. In 3 cases with papillary carcinoma (all with neck metastases) aerodigestive tract was invaded. One patient had neoplasmatic invasion of the larynx and trachea, one patient had invasion of larynx et pharynx and in one patient tumour invaded the esophageal wall. In those patients radical surgery was done: total thyroidectomy with total laryngectomy and radical neck dissection (2 patients) and subtotal thyroidectomy with conservative neck dissection (1 patient). External beam irradiation and radioactive iodine 131 treatment followed surgery. Two patients are still alive 6 years after the treatment free of disease, and 1 patient died of unrelated causes 3 months after the surgery. Symptoms, diagnostic evaluation and treatment of thyroid papillary carcinoma invading the aerodigestive tract are detailed in paper.     

Lingual thyroid carcinoma with nodal metastasis

OBJECTIVES: To discuss treatment options and surgical management of lingual thyroid carcinoma with cervical metastasis. STUDY DESIGN: Lingual thyroid is relatively uncommon, and carcinoma of the lingual thyroid is extremely rare, with only 40 cases reported. We report a new case of a young female who presented with a cervical neck mass found to represent metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. Further workup revealed the patient's only thyroid tissue was located at the tongue base and was the site of the primary tumor. Management of lingual thyroid carcinoma and review of the literature is discussed. METHODS: A case report and review of the literature of lingual thyroid carcinoma. RESULTS: A young female presented with a left neck mass diagnosed as metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. Review of the computed tomography scan of the neck revealed a tongue base mass, absence of an othotopic thyroid gland and bilateral cervical lymphandenopathy. Bilateral selective neck dissections with removal of the tongue base lesion confirmed the diagnosis of lingual thyroid carcinoma with multiple left cervical nodal metastases. CONCLUSIONS: A case of lingual papillary thyroid carcinoma with cervical metastasis is reported. Treatment is best managed with surgical excision of all thyroid tissue followed by radioactive iodine ablation. Surgical approaches to the tongue base need to be considered based on the size of the lingual primary tumor and the need to address lymph node metastases gland. This is the first reported case in the literature of lingual papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting with cervical nodal metastasis in a female with absence of an orthotopic thyroid gland. This is also the first report to show that papillary and not follicular cell carcinoma is the predominating histopathology in lingual thyroid carcinoma.