多环黏膜切除术治疗Barrett食管的临床研究

目的研究内镜下应用多环黏膜切除术（multiband mucosectomy,MBM）治疗Barrett食管。方法采用前瞻性研究的方法,在窄波成像（narrow band imaging,NBI）下确认Barrett食管病变范围,用多环黏膜切除器吸引病灶,套扎橡皮圈后用圈套器电切。3个月复查胃镜,评估疗效。结果134例Barrett食管患者共切除病灶206块。急性并发症出血发生率6.7%（9/134）,无一例发生穿孔。术后30d内（迟发性并发症）出血发生率1.5%（2/134）,出现食管狭窄症状39.8%（53/133）;30d后（远期并发症）主要为食管狭窄,发生率2.3%（3/133）。术后3个月复查胃镜,病灶完整切除率98.5%（131/133）。结论内镜下MBM术治疗Barrett食管,简便、安全、有效。     

内镜下氩离子凝固术治疗Barrett 食管13例疗效观察

对13例Barrett食管患者采用氩离子凝固术治疗,术后予奥美拉唑维持治疗。13例均完成治疗,其中11例患者治疗1次后Barrett黏膜完全消失,2例Barrett黏膜长度超过4cm的患者治疗2次后病灶完全消失。研究表明氩离子凝固术治疗Barrett食管操作简便,近期疗效显著,并发症少。     

超声内镜诊断食管黏膜下肿瘤并行内镜下微创治疗的疗效观察

目的 评价超声内镜对食管黏膜下肿瘤(SMT)的诊断及治疗价值,探讨内镜黏膜下切除术(EMR)、内镜黏膜下分片切除术(EPMR)、内镜下套扎术(EVL)治疗食管黏膜下肿瘤的疗效和安全性.方法 对内镜检查中发现的57例食管黏膜下肿瘤行超声内镜检查.根据食管黏膜下肿瘤的起源层次、性质及病变大小决定行内镜下EMR、EPMR、内镜下套扎治疗,完整切除病变,全瘤整体活检.结果 57例食管黏膜下肿瘤,病变最大直径0.4～3.0 cm,平均1.25 cm,隆起性病变位于食管上段8例,中段34例,下段15例;起源于黏膜肌层的食管平滑肌瘤38例,起源于黏膜下层的脂肪瘤4例,食管囊肿3例,孤立静脉瘤3例,起源于黏膜层的宽蒂食管息肉5例,起源于黏膜下层的侧向发育型肿瘤2例,神经纤维瘤2例;49例行内镜下EMR治疗,6例病变最大直径超过2 cm者行内镜下EPMR治疗,6例食管囊肿和孤立性静脉瘤行内镜下套扎治疗,EMR手术时间15～25 min,平均18 min.5例术中出血,经内镜下喷洒止血药物、电凝、氩离子凝固术治疗及金属钛夹钳夹止血,无术后出血,无穿孔.所有EMR、EPMR切除病变“全瘤”送检病理确诊,基底和切缘未见病变累及.术后1.5、3及6个月随访,创面愈合,无病变残留和复发.结论 超声内镜能够对食管黏膜下肿瘤进行起源和定性诊断,可指导黏膜下肿瘤的治疗.大多数食管黏膜下肿瘤行EMR、EPMR治疗简便、安全,可以完整切除食管病变,提供完整的病理诊断资料.     

内镜用套扎器与经内镜黏膜下隧道法切除食管黏膜下肿瘤的对比研究

目的对比分析内镜用套扎器与经内镜黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术(STER)切除食管黏膜下肿瘤(SMTs)的临床效果。方法回顾性分析66例采用经内镜法切除的食管SMTs患者的临床资料,其中套扎组35例[经内镜套扎器套扎法(直径10 mm)],STER组31例,对比分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症(术后穿孔、出血、气胸和进食障碍)、术后住院时间和手术费用等指标。结果套扎组手术时间较STER组短[(8.9±1.1)和(62.3±2.8)min],手术费用较STER组少[(5 126.8±26.5)和(15 721.3±39.6)元],术中出血量较STER组少[(5.6±1.7)和(42.3±3.5)mL],两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05);两组患者术后住院时间和术后并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论治疗直径10 mm的食管黏膜肌层或黏膜下层肿瘤,经内镜套扎法在手术时间、术中出血量和手术费用方面均优于STER组,两种手术方法的住院时间和术后并发症发生率无差异,值得临床推广应用。     

高频电凝联合雷贝拉唑及铝碳酸镁治疗岛型Barrett食管的疗效

目的:探讨高频电凝联合雷贝拉唑及铝碳酸镁治疗岛型Barrett食管的疗效.方法:选择电子胃镜及病理组织学检查确诊岛型Barrett食管患者65例,随机分为治疗组(31例)和对照组(34例).治疗组经胃镜行高频电凝治疗,术后联合雷贝拉唑及铝碳酸镁治疗;对照组用雷贝拉唑及铝碳酸镁治疗.所有病例于半年后复查胃镜及病理组织学检查.结果:半年后复查胃镜及病理组织学检查,治疗组治愈率及总有效率为93.55%及100%,对照组治愈率及总有效率为0及38.24%.两组治愈率及总有效率比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.01).结论:高频电凝联合雷贝拉唑及铝碳酸镁治疗岛型Barrett食管疗效显著、安全有效.     

氩离子凝固术联合质子泵抑制剂治疗 Barrett 食管32例疗效观察

目的:研究氩离子凝固术联合质子泵抑制剂治疗Barrett食管的疗效。方法:32例Barrett食管患者行氩离子凝固术,功率为60W,术后给予质子泵抑制剂治疗,在治疗后2~6个月复查胃镜,若病理提示仍有柱状上皮存在,再次进行氩离子凝固术治疗,直至Barrett食管黏膜完全消除。结果:胃镜下27例(84.4%)病灶消失,4例(12.5%)原病灶处可见岛状Barrett食管样改变,再次行氩离子凝固术,1例(3.1%)发现重度异型增生而行手术治疗。18例出现不同程度的胸骨后疼痛症状(56.3%),1例出现吞咽痛(0.3%),未见穿孔、狭窄等并发症发生。结论:氩离子凝固术联合质子泵抑制剂治疗Barrett食管是一种安全有效的方法。     

超声内镜辅助下内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗食管癌前病变的临床研究

目的研究超声内镜辅助下内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗食管癌前病变的疗效。方法将在该院接受超声内镜辅助下内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗的食管癌前病变患者纳入研究的观察组,将接受内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗的食管癌前病变患者设为对照组,比较两组患者的切除情况、应激反应程度以及血清遗传学分子含量。结果观察组患者的操作时间、术后流质饮食时间短于对照组,术中使用钛夹止血例数、并发食管黏膜小穿孔的例数少于对照组。观察组患者血清中肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、肾素水平均低于对照组。术后1周和1个月时,观察组患者血清中TGF-α、Cyclin E的含量低于对照组。结论超声内镜辅助下内镜黏膜下剥离术有助于缩短操作时间、减小局部组织损伤、缓解应激反应,是治疗食管癌前病变的理想方法。     

内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术的效果观察及护理

目的:探讨使用食管静脉曲张套扎术治疗肝硬化致上消化道出血患者护理方法。方法:2012年1月~2013年5月我科对57例肝硬化引起上消化道出血的食管静脉曲张患者实施套扎术,患者术前、术中、术后采用临床护理路径护理。结果:57例均套扎成功,术后2周胃镜检查显示显效42例,有效15例,总有效率100%。结论:内镜下套扎术治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血效果好,密切监测术后病情变化、饮食管理、健康教育对增强治疗效果,降低并发症发生率,起着重要作用。     

内镜套扎黏膜切除术治疗食管贲门早期浅表癌

目的评价内镜套扎黏膜切除术和单独内镜套扎术治疗食管、贲门早期浅表癌的疗效。方法在食管癌高发区人群普查确诊的14例食管、贲门早期浅表癌中，7例采用内镜圈套结扎后行黏膜切除术，另外7例接受了单独内镜圈套结扎治疗。根据切除标本和治疗1个月后内镜复查活检标本病理组织学检查结果评价其疗效。结果癌灶完全切除者13例（92．86％）。部分切除者1例（7．14％）。无创面出血和穿孔并发症。完全切除的13例病人随访16个月未见复发。结论内镜套扎黏膜切除术和单独内镜套扎术均是治疗食管、贲门早期癌安全有效的方法。后者便于在基层医院推广应用。     

内镜下氩离子凝固术治疗Barrett食管118例临床分析

目的:探讨内镜下氩离子凝固术治疗Barrett食管的疗效。方法:经胃镜检查、病理证实的Barrett食管患者118例,在内镜下行氩离子凝固术治疗,术后给予质子泵抑制剂辅助治疗,于治疗后3,6,12个月进行复查,并对其疗效及并发症进行评估。结果:患者均完成治疗,92例首次治疗即全部清除病灶,余26例经2次治疗病灶完全清除。术后1年复查10例复发,复发率8.47%。术后17例(14.4%)出现胸骨后不适症状,9例(7.0%)出现胸骨后疼痛,给予质子泵抑制剂后缓解,3～7d症状消失;4例(3.1%)出现食管黏膜下气肿,自行吸收。结论:内镜下氩离子凝固术治疗Barrett食管安全、有效。     

Évolution favorable à long terme des patients traités par résection muqueuse endoscopique pour une dysplasie de haut grade ou un cancer épidermoïde superficiel de l’œsophage

Introduction

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a curative treatment of early squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, long-term outcome, and survival of EMR.

Patients and methods

Forty-four patients were treated by EMR between February 1998 and October 2005 for an early SCC of the esophagus. The technique of EMR was carried out by suction and section with cap or traction and section, or by the combination of both.

Results

Forty-four patients had endoscopic treatment with resection of 49 early SCC. They were all of T1N0 stage as found by standard endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). No major complications occurred. The median endoscopic follow-up was 44 months. A curative resection (T1m1, T1m2) was achieved in 68% of cases without recurrence. Among patients with T2 lesion (16%), 6 had a radio-chemotherapy and only 1 patient died because of the metastatic evolution of esophageal cancer. The remaining 2 left patients had a complementary esophagectomy, among whom 1 died after recurrence. Eight patients had a histologically significant risk of nodes invasion (2 m3, 3 sm1, 2 sm2, and 1 sm3), and 6 had a complementary radio-chemotherapy without recurrence in the follow-up.

Conclusion

SCC of the esophagus shown usT1N0 in EUS can be treated curatively by endoscopic mucosal resection with a high rate of resecability (98%) and an acceptable complication rate. In the subgroup of 12 patients (m3 sm1, sm2, sm3 and T2) that were treated by complementary radiochemotherapy, the 5-year overall survival was 91%.     

Rationale for surgical therapy of Barrett esophagus

Barrett esophagus has malignant potential and seems to be an acquired abnormality. It is associated with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease and represents its severest form. The literature comparing medical treatment with antireflux surgery was reviewed. Questions regarding the advantages of surgery, who should undergo surgery, whether surgery can change the course of Barrett esophagus, the change in cancer risk, who needs surveillance, and cost-effectiveness were addressed. The incidence of developing Barrett cancer was 1 in 145 patient-years in reviewing 2032 patient-years of medical therapy compared with 1 in 294 patient-years in reviewing 4122 patient-years after surgery. Median follow-up time in the 2 groups was 2.7 years in the medically treated patients and 4.0 years in the surgically treated patients. Surveillance of Barrett esophagus is required irrespective of treatment. Laparoscopic antireflux surgery was found to be cost-effective after 7 years. Although these data do not prove that surgery is superior to medical treatment in the prevention of cancer related to Barrett esophagus, we found a tendency for surgery to be better than medical therapy to prevent the development and progression of Barrett carcinoma.     

Circumferential endoscopic mucosal resection in Barrett's esophagus with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or mucosal cancer. Preliminary results in 21 patients

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Treatment by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has been established for early lesions in Barrett's esophagus. However, the remaining Barrett's esophagus epithelium remains at risk of developing further lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of circumferential endoscopic mucosectomy (circumferential EMR)s in removing not only the index lesion (high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) or mucosal cancer), but also the remaining Barrett's esophagus epithelium. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 21 patients were included in the study (11 men, 10 women), who had Barrett's esophagus and either HGIN (n = 12) or mucosal cancer (n = 9). Of the patients, 17/21 were at high surgical risk and five had refused surgery. On the basis of preprocedure endosonography their lesions were classified as T1N0 (n = 19) or T0N0 (n = 2). The lesions and the Barrett's esophagus epithelium were removed by polypectomy after submucosal injection of 10-15 ml of saline; a double-channel endoscope was used in 15/21 cases. Circumferential EMR was performed in two sessions, the lesion and the surrounding half of the circumferential Barrett's esophagus mucosa being removed in the first session. In order to prevent the formation of esophageal stenosis, the second half of the Barrett's esophagus mucosa was resected 1 month later. RESULTS: Complications occurred in 4/21 patients (19 %), consisting of bleeding which was successfully managed by endoscopic hemostasis in all cases. No strictures were observed during follow-up (mean duration 18 months) and endoscopic resection was considered complete in 18/21 patients (86 %). For three patients, histological examination showed incomplete removal of tumor: one of these underwent surgery; two received chemoradiotherapy, and showed no evidence of residual tumor at 18 months' and 24 months' follow-up, respectively. Two patients in whom resection was initially classified as complete later presented with local recurrence and were treated again by EMR. Barrett's esophagus mucosa was completely replaced by squamous cell epithelium in 15/20 patients (75 %). CONCLUSIONS: Circumferential EMR is a noninvasive treatment of Barrett's esophagus with HGIN or mucosal cancer, with a low complication rate and good short-term clinical efficacy. Further studies should focus on long-term results and on technical improvements.     

Poor results of 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy for residual high-grade dysplasia and early cancer in barrett esophagus after endoscopic resection

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of residual high-grade dysplasia or early cancer (HGD/EC) after endoscopic resection in Barrett esophagus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Study patients were separated into group A, with proven residual HGD/EC, and group B with possible HGD/EC (positive lateral margins in the endoscopic resection specimen, without HGD/EC in the remaining Barrett esophagus). PDT treatment consisted of 5-aminolevulinic (5-ALA) photosensitization (40 mg/kg) followed by illumination of the Barrett esophagus with a total light dose of 100 J/cm (2). Complete remission was defined as the absence of HGD/EC in biopsies taken in two consecutive follow-up endoscopies. The percentage regression of Barrett esophagus, as well as the recurrence rate of HGD/EC, was calculated. RESULTS: 20 patients underwent PDT (group A, 11; group B, 9). Mild complications were seen in 4/26 procedures. The overall success rate was 15/20 (75 %). There was a significant difference in success rate between group A (55 %) and group B (100 %); P = 0.03. All patients had residual Barrett esophagus after PDT; the median regression percentage was 50 % (IQR 25 - 70 %). Recurrence of HGD/EC occurred in four patients (two each in groups A and B) after a median follow up of 30 months. CONCLUSIONS: In this selected group of patients, the addition of 5-ALA-PDT after endoscopic resection for HGD/EC had a disappointing success rate in patients who had residual HGD/EC after endoscopic resection. Most patients undergoing 5-ALA-PDT have residual Barrett mucosa after PDT and 5-ALA-PDT does not seem to prevent recurrences during follow-up.     

Endoscopic mucosal resection scissors for the treatment of early gastric cancer

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is currently a common treatment for superficial gastrointestinal tumors. We have developed new EMR scissors for superficial lesions in the esophagus and stomach. These scissors have stainless steel blades with an electrocoagulation device for hemostasis. We report a case in which superficial gastric cancer was treated by means of the EMR scissors. The lesion was removed using the scissors and no major complication was encountered. EMR scissors can be used for endoscopic resection of superficial lesions of the esophagus and stomach.     

Mucosectomy for high‐grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus

Reports on the natural history of high‐grade dysplasia (HGD) are sometimes contradictory, but suggest that 10–30% of patients with HGD in Barrett's esophagus (BE) will develop a demonstrable malignancy within five years of the initial diagnosis. Surgery has to be considered the best treatment for HGD or superficial carcinoma, but is contraindicated in patients with severe comorbidities. Non‐surgical treatments such as intensive endoscopic surveillance, endoscopic ablative therapies, and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) have been proposed. EMR is a newly developed procedure promising to become a safe and reliable non‐operative option for the endoscopic removal of HGD or early cancer within BE. It is important to assess the depth of invasion of the lesion and lymph node involvement before choosing EMR. This technique permits more effective staging of disease obtaining a large sample leading to a precise assessment of the depth of malignant invasion. Complications such as bleeding and perforation may occur, but can be treated endoscopically. Trials are needed to compare endoscopic therapy with surgical resection to establish clear criteria for EMR and ablative therapies.     

黏膜切除治疗Barrett食管疗效及安全性的Meta分析

目的评价黏膜切除(EMR)对于Barrett食管(BE)治疗的有效性、持久性及不良事件发生率。方法计算机检索Embase、PubMed、维普、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数字化期刊全文数据库等。提取各病理类型的BE接受EMR治疗后根除肠上皮化生(CE-IM)、上皮内瘤变(CE-N)的比率,治疗随访期间肠上皮化(IM)或瘤变复发及不良事件发生率,应用R3.1.3软件合并数据进行统计学分析,计算其有效性、持久性及不良事件发生率。结果共纳入4篇研究,总病例130例。EMR治疗异型增生或黏膜内癌的BE患者中,达到CE-N为97%(95%CI:0.91~0.99),达到CE-IM为91%(95%CI:0.83~0.95),在随访过程中瘤变或IM复发率为8%,常见并发症食管狭窄与出血,其发生率分别为39%和6%。结论 EMR作为BE内镜治疗的推荐方式,其在治疗伴异型增生或黏膜内癌的BE上有确切的效果,但其并发症特别是食管狭窄发生率较高。     

Endoscopic mucosal resection of early esophageal squamous cell cancer using the Duette mucosectomy kit

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a less invasive alternative treatment strategy to surgery for intramucosal esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study described our initial experience with the newly introduced Duette Multiband Mucosectomy Kit (Cook Ireland Ltd, Limerick, Ireland) for the treatment of extensive early esophageal SCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five patients with extensive early esophageal SCC, covering at least half of the circumference of the esophageal wall and measuring a mean of 2.8 cm longitudinally, underwent EMR after EUS staging. RESULTS: EMR was successfully completed in one session in five patients. Post-EMR stricture occurred in four patients but was successfully treated with bougienage. One patient did not return for follow-up after bougienage and died from ischemic heart disease 3 months later. For the remaining four patients, there was no recurrence over a mean follow up of 14.7 months. CONCLUSION: This new device obviates the need for repeated insertion of the endoscope during the process of ligation and resection and thus facilitates EMR of extensive SCC.     

Recurrence after endoscopic mucosal resection for superficial esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: We present the results of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for superficial esophageal cancer in patients treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital East since March 1993, and discuss the factors involved in local recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study consisted of 51 patients with a total of 57 superficial esophageal cancers which were treated by EMR at the National Cancer Center Hospital East between March 1993 and March 1998. EMR was performed with a two-channel fiberscope or with the assistance of the endoscopic esophageal mucosal resection tube. Follow-up examinations by means of endoscopy with iodine staining and biopsy were repeated every 3-6 months. RESULTS: A total of 19 patients had double cancers; 12 had head and neck cancers (HNC), six had stomach cancers, and one had lung cancer. The patients with HNC tended to have multiple iodine-unstained areas, and multiple cancers in the esophagus. Local recurrence was detected in two out of five patients (40%) with multiple esophageal cancers, and in two out of 46 patients (4%) with solitary cancer (P=0.0433). There was no difference in the rate of local recurrence between patients with HNC and those without HNC. Three out of four patients with recurrent cancers were given additional treatment, EMR for two and radiotherapy alone for one; no further recurrence occurred except in the patient who underwent radiotherapy alone. CONCLUSIONS: Multiplicity of cancer is a risk factor for local recurrence. Appropriate additional treatment should be indicated for recurrent lesions.