HPLC法测定胆道感染患者胆汁中头孢曲松浓度

目的 :建立胆汁中头孢曲松浓度的测定方法 ,用于临床个体化给药监测。方法 :C1 8( 2 0 0mm× 4.6mm ,5 μm)色谱柱 ,流动相为 ψ[甲醇 ∶水 ( 0 .0 15mol/L溴化四丁基铵 ) ] =40∶60 ,流速 :1.0mL/min ,检测波长 2 5 4nm。结果 :日内和日间RSD均小于5 %。 8名患者静脉滴注头孢曲松 1g ,胆汁中药物峰浓度为 14 .3 7～ 2 90 7μg/mL ,8h内胆汁排泄率 0 .2 8%～ 3 7.3 %,个体差异较大。结论 :方法简便、快速 ,可用于胆汁样品的CTRX浓度测定。胆汁中CTRX浓度取决于患者胆汁分泌情况 ,个体差异较大 ,应根据具体情况个体化给药     

HPLC法测定大鼠血浆和胆汁中安妥沙星浓度及其药代动力学

目的:建立大鼠血浆和胆汁中安妥沙星浓度的HPLC-UV测定方法。方法:样品经高氯酸处理后进行HPLC-UV分析。色谱柱DiamonsilTMC18(5μm,150 mm×4.6 mm ID),流动相:0.05 mol/L KH2PO4(pH=3)-乙腈-三乙胺(84∶16∶1.4),流速:1.5 mL/min,紫外检测波长:297 nm。测定大鼠静脉注射安妥沙星7.5 mg/kg后的血药浓度变化和胆汁累积排泄率。结果:安妥沙星在血浆中的线性范围为0.1~12.8μg/mL,在胆汁中的线性范围为0.1~25.6μg/mL,定量下限(LLOQ)均为0.1μg/mL,日内和日间RSD均小于15%,准确度(relative error,RE)为-3.01%~7.50%。血浆中回收率大于70%,胆汁中回收率大于90%。大鼠静注7.5 mg/kg安妥沙星后AUC0-6为(313.75±47.28)μg.min/mL,t1/2为(122.03±23.03)min,CL为(20.06±4.84)mL/(kg.min),6 h胆汁累积排泄率为(3.03±0.43)%。结论:该方法经考察符合生物样品的测定要求,可应用于大鼠体内安妥沙星血液和胆汁中浓度的测定和药代动力学研究,胆汁排泄为安妥沙星一条重要的消除途径。     

差式分光光度法测定门冬氨酸洛美沙星的含量

目的测定门冬氨酸洛美沙星氯化钠注射液中洛美沙星的含量。方法采用差式分光光度法直接测定无干扰状态下门冬氨酸洛美沙星氯化钠注射液中洛美沙星的含量,溶剂为0.1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液及0.1mol/L盐酸溶液,检测波长为291nm。结果洛美沙星的线性范围1.96~19.6μg/ml,回归方程^Y=30.7987X-0.3824,r=0.9994,平均回收率和RSD分别为100.3%和0.19%。结论本法简便、快速、准确,可作为该制剂的质量控制方法。     

反相高效液相色谱法分析注射用盐酸洛美沙星

为了建立反相高效液相色谱法测定注射用盐酸洛美沙星中盐酸洛美沙星含量的方法,采用phenomenexC18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.025mol/L磷酸溶液(三乙胺调pH至3.5)-乙腈-(82:18),柱温30℃,检测波长287nm,流速为1.0mL/min。盐酸洛美沙星及其有关物质可完全分离;进样20μL时,线性浓度范围为5~215μg/mL;最低检测限(LOD)为12ng/mL(S/N=3),最低定量限(LOQ)为60ng/mL(S/N=10);日内精密度(RSD)为0.85%(n=5),日间精密度(RSD)为1.35%(n=5)。该方法简便、快速,专属性强,可用于对注射用盐酸洛美沙星的含量测定。     

母乳性黄疸患儿胆汁胆红素和总胆汁酸测定的临床意义

目的 探讨母乳性黄疸患儿胆汁中胆红素和总胆汁酸浓度及临床意义.方法 应用婴儿十二指肠引流管和引流技术收集12例母乳性黄疸患儿干预前后胆汁,检测胆汁中总胆红素(TB)、直接胆红素(DB)和胆汁酸(TBA)浓度,并与血清中TB、DB、TBA对照分析.结果 12例干预前母乳性黄疸患儿胆汁中TB、DB和TBA分别为(172.1±98.2)μmol/L、(105.6±60.0)μmol/L、(561.2±104.2)μmol/L;干预后12例胆汁TB、DB和TBA分别为(180.2±88.6)μmol/L、(106.8±70.0)μmol/L、(580.3±84.2)μmol/L,干预前后无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 母乳性黄疸患儿胆汁中TB、DB和TBA浓度正常,提示母乳性黄疸患儿胆红素和胆汁酸摄取、转运、排泄功能正常.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定胆汁中9种结合型胆汁酸

目的:建立测定人胆汁中结合型胆汁酸的HPLC-紫外检测法.方法:胆汁样品经固相萃取,采用Waters Nova C18色谱柱,柱温为25℃,流动相为甲醇:磷酸盐缓冲液(60mmol/L,pH3.3)(66:34,v/v),流速0.8ml/min,检测波长197nm.结果:9种结合型胆汁酸在20 min内分离完全,各胆汁酸在浓度为8～1000 μmol/L范围内线性良好,r为0.999 1～0.999 9;最低检测限为1.25～3.13μmol/L;该方法日内变异在3.77%～8.20%之间,日间变异在6.73%～17.11%之间,各胆汁酸的回收率在88.23%～109.75%之间.结论:本方法准确、灵敏、快速.适用于胆汁中结合型胆汁酸水平的实验室研究和临床常规检测.     

高效液相色谱法测定复方利福平制剂的利福平血浆浓度

目的 用高效液相色谱法测定复方利福平制剂的利福平血浆浓度.方法 采用反相高效液相色谱法进行检测.色谱柱为Chromasil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,ID 5μm);流动相:甲醇0.02 mol/L,磷酸二氢钾0.01mol/L,十二烷基磺酸钠(68∶28∶4,V∶V);流速:1.0 ml/min;检测波长333 nm.结果 利福平的回归方程为:C=5.37×10-6A 0.15,r=0.9991;线性范围:0.60～12.00 ng/L;最低检测浓度为0.30 ng/L;高、中、低浓度(12.00mg/L、7.20 mg/L、0.60 mg/L)回收率为(100.01±2.42)%、(98.23±2.05)%、(100.52±5.81)%;日内变异及日间变异均＜10%.结论 本方法可准确、快速测定血浆中利福平的浓度,可用于复方利福平制剂的生物等效性试验和药代动力学研究.     

胆红素浓度对干化学法测定肌酐的影响

目的 :研究不同浓度胆红素对干化学法测定肌酐的影响。方法 :分别用干化学法和改良苦味酸法测定 12 0例不同胆红素浓度的血清肌酐含量。结果 :干化学法测定肌酐含量均值为 (12 9.8± 88.11) μmol/L ,改良苦味酸法为 (91.0 0± 37.6 8) μmol/L ,对于胆红素浓度 <81.4μmol/L时 ,血清肌酐含量两法测定结果差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而当胆红素含量 >81.4μmol/L时 ,干化学法测定结果明显高于改良苦味酸法 (P<0 .0 0 1)。结论 :对于胆红素含量 >81.4μmol/L标本 ,干化学法测定肌酐存在正偏差 ,需用改良苦味酸法测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定血浆中的阿替洛尔浓度

目的 :建立测定人血浆中阿替洛尔浓度的HPLC法。方法 :采用混合有机试剂 (氯仿∶异丙醇 ,75∶25,V/V)萃取样品中的药物 ,对干燥后的残渣用流动相复溶 ,应用高效液相色谱法分离 ,采用荧光检测器检测 (检测波长Ex=225nm ,Em=300nm)。流动相为乙腈∶水∶1mol/L磷酸缓冲液6∶89∶5(V/V/V) ,pH=4 ,流速1ml/min ,内标为美托洛尔。结果 :血浆中阿替洛尔在15.6～1000.0ng/ml范围内 ,药物浓度与峰面积比值呈良好的线性关系 (r=0.9996 ,RUN=3)。总回收率为98.78 %±7.96 %。日内和日间差异均小于10%。最低检出限为10ng/ml。结论 :用改进后的高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中阿替洛尔的浓度具有对样品纯化程度高、分析周期短等优点 ,实际应用效果良好     

RP-HPLC法测定人尿苷二磷酸葡醛酸转移酶UGT1A3转基因细胞中槲皮素

目的:建立反相高效液相色谱法测定人重组UGT1A3转基因细胞中槲皮素,并研究该酶对槲皮素的相关代谢及动力学参数测定。方法:Bac-to-Bac系统表达的人UGT1A3重组酶细胞破碎液与槲皮素共孵育之后,以乙腈沉淀蛋白,采用木犀草素为内标,以Phenomenex Luna C18柱为分析柱,甲醇(A)-0.1%甲酸溶液(B)为流动相梯度洗脱:0~25 min(30∶70-80∶20,A∶B),>25~25.5min(80∶20),>25.5~27 min(80∶20-30∶70),>27~30 min(30∶70);流速1.0 ml/min,紫外检测波长为368 nm。结果:槲皮素在5~200μmol/L内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),检测限为1.25μmol/L(S/N≥3),定量限为5μmol/L(S/N>10,RSD=6.99%),方法回收率达99.1%~103.5%,日内、日间RSD分别<2.5%和<8%。另测得UGT1A3催化槲皮素的Km为(62.95±13.16)μmol/L,Vmax为(284.50±24.35)nmol.min-1.g-1,清除率Vmax/Km为4.52 ml.min-1.g...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.