生姜的丙酮提取物对大鼠异嗜高岭土模型的止呕作用

目的研究生姜丙酮提取物(EG)对大鼠的止呕作用。方法大鼠分别给予不同剂量的顺铂、阿朴吗啡及接受旋转刺激,建立大鼠异嗜高岭土的3种呕吐模型。观察EG预防给药对3种模型大鼠的止呕作用。结果顺铂(3mg/kg,ip)、阿朴吗啡(3.2mg/kg,sc)以及旋转刺激(100 r/min,1h)均能引起大鼠的异嗜行为,可作为建立大鼠异嗜高岭土模型的最适剂量。EG600、300、150mg/kg三个剂量组可抑制顺铂、阿朴吗啡、旋转所致的大鼠异嗜高岭土的量(P<0.05 P<0.01),并呈现一定的量效关系。结论EG在大鼠异嗜呕吐模型上具有止呕作用,其机制可能与P物质、5-HT及抑制呕吐中枢有关。     

辣椒的止呕作用研究

目的:研究辣椒的止呕作用及其机制。方法:复制新型水貂呕吐模型,观察辣椒(主要成分辣椒素)对顺铂、阿朴吗啡导致的水貂呕吐行为的抑制作用,并通过免疫组化法和特异性5-羟色胺3(5-HT3)受体激动药盐酸苯甲双胍(PBG)的应用,对其机制进行初步探讨。结果:辣椒对顺铂、阿朴吗啡引起的水貂的呕吐行为有抑制作用(P<0.05);对PBG导致的水貂的呕吐行为有抑制作用(P<0.05);对水貂胃窦组织P物质的释放有抑制作用。结论:辣椒在新型水貂呕吐模型上表现出止呕作用,其机制可能与外周组织5-HT、P物质的释放及其相应受体有关。     

生姜与辣椒提取物联合抗呕吐作用研究

［摘要］目的研究生姜及辣椒提取物联合应用对大鼠止呕效果。方法将大鼠随机分组，分别给予顺铂、阿朴吗啡及旋转刺激，并设立对照，测定大鼠异嗜高岭土的量，观察对成功建立的大鼠异嗜呕吐模型的联合止呕效果。结果顺铂（3 mg&#8226;kg 1 ，ip），阿朴吗啡（3.2 mg&#8226;kg 1，sc）以及旋转（100 r&#8226; min 1，1 h）均能引起大鼠的异嗜呕吐行为，可观察到生姜及辣椒提取物两个剂量组可抑制顺铂、阿朴吗啡、旋转所致的大鼠异嗜高岭土的量（P＜0.05），并呈现一定的量效关系。结论生姜及辣椒提取物对大鼠异嗜呕吐模型具有协同止呕作用，且可以降低辣椒单独应用时对胃肠道的刺激，其机制可能与P物质、5 HT3受体及抑制呕吐中枢有关。     

姜半夏口服液对水貂呕吐作用的研究

目的研究姜半夏口服液对水貂的止呕作用。方法观察姜半夏口服液在顺铂ip(7.5mg/kg)、阿朴吗啡sc(1.6mg/kg)引起的水貂呕吐行为的抑制作用。对水貂运动呕吐模型(100r/min,1h)的影响。结果半夏口服液对顺铂、阿朴吗啡致水貂呕吐均有抑制作用(P<0.01),对运动致水貂呕吐无效。结论半夏口服液具止呕作用。     

姜辣素在2种呕吐动物模型中止呕作用机制的探讨

目的开发姜的止呕制剂,弥补临床上5-羟色胺Ⅲ亚型受体(5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor,5-HT3)及神经激肽Ⅰ亚型受体(neurokinin-1 receptor,NK1)拮抗剂靶点单一、价格昂贵、毒性及不良反应大等缺点。方法用特异性5-HT3受体激动剂1-phenylbiguanide hydrochloride(PBG)和多巴胺受体激动剂阿朴吗啡(apomorphine)建立新型水貂呕吐模型和经典大鼠异嗜模型,观察姜辣素对水貂呕吐行为和大鼠异嗜高岭土行为的抑制作用。结果姜辣素对水貂呕吐行为和大鼠异嗜高岭土行为均表现出显著的抑制作用(P<0.05),并呈现一定的量效关系。结论姜辣素有止呕作用,其止呕机制可能涉及到5-羟色胺和多巴胺受体系统;姜辣素在研究天然多靶点新型止呕药方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

半夏生物碱含量测定及止呕研究

目的提取并测定半夏生物碱含量,研究其对水貂的止呕作用。方法提取半夏生物碱,采用酸性染料比色法测定含量;观察在顺铂(7.5mg·kg-1,ip)、阿朴吗啡(l.6mg·kg-1,sc)、硫酸铜(40mg·kg-1,ig)水貂呕吐模型的止呕作用;观察半夏生物碱对水貂运动呕吐模型(100r·min-1,1h)的影响。结果半夏生物碱含量为2.83mg·g-1,对顺铂、阿朴吗啡致水貂呕吐均有抑制作用(P<0.05),对硫酸铜及运动致水貂呕吐无效。结论半夏生物碱具止呕作用,其机制与中枢抑制有关。     

姜辣素在2种呕吐动物模型中止呕作用机制的探讨

Abstract: Objective To explore an antiemetic drug of ginger in order to supplement the antagonists of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor（5-HT3）and neurokinin-1 receptor（NK1）in clinical，which are endowed with single target，high price and serious side-effect. Methods A new vomiting model of mink as well as classic pica model of rat was established with specific 5-HT3 receptor agonist 1-phenylbiguanide hydrochloride and dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine. The inhibitive effect of gingerols on vomiting behavior of minks and kaolin pica consumption of rats was observed. Results Gingerols displayed distinguished inhibitive effect on vomiting behavior of minks and kaolin consumption of rats in a dose-dependent manner（P＜0.05）. Conclusions The study of gingerol in vomiting model of mink and pica model of rat suggests that gingerol exhibits antiemetic effect. The mechanisms may refer to the system of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine receptors. The result indicates that gingerol is of latent applied value on the study of novel natural multitarget antiemetic drugs.     

连苏止呕胶囊对化疗呕吐家鸽胃肠激素和神经递质的影响

目的　探讨连苏止呕胶囊抗化疗呕吐的内在机制。方法　采用家鸽腹腔注射顺铂法制造模型 ,用放免试剂盒检测胃肠激素 ;用高效液相色谱 电化学检测法检测神经递质。结果　连苏止呕胶囊高剂量组能升高外周血中表皮生长因子 (EGF)的含量 (P <0 0 5 ) ,连苏止呕胶囊低剂量、高剂量组能降低外周血中胃泌素 (Gas)的含量 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1)。脑干中连苏止呕胶囊高、低剂量组 5 羟色胺 (5 HT)、多巴胺 (DA)的含量变化均与模型组差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　连苏止呕胶囊对胃肠黏膜起到了一定的保护作用 ,对胃肠运动具有改善作用。它可能既是 5 HT受体拮抗剂 ,又是DA受体拮抗剂 ,而且作用较强。     

高良姜醇提乙酸乙酯萃取物对异嗜高岭土模型大鼠的止呕作用

摘 要 目的：研究高良姜醇提乙酸乙酯萃取物（以下简称高良姜提取物）对异嗜高岭土模型大鼠的止呕作用。方法: 大鼠分别给予化学药物顺铂、阿扑吗啡和接受旋转刺激,建立大鼠3种异嗜高岭土模型,以阿扑吗啡、昂丹司琼和甲氧氯普胺作为对照药物。将实验大鼠分为高良姜提取物低、中、高3个剂量组,给予高良姜提取物预防性用药,观察给药后对模型大鼠的止呕作用。结果: 化学药物顺铂(3.0 mg·kg^-1,ip)、阿扑吗啡(3.2 mg·kg^-1,ih)及旋转刺激(离心力3.4×g,60min)均可以引起大鼠的异嗜呕吐行为。高良姜提取物低(1 500 mg·kg^-1)、中(4 500 mg·kg^-1)、高(9 000 mg·kg^-1)剂量,均未能有效抑制顺铂、阿扑吗啡及旋转所致的大鼠异嗜高岭土行为(P＞0.05)。结论:高良姜提取物不能有效抑制异嗜高岭土模型大鼠的呕吐行为,可能其药理作用与P物质、5 羟色胺、多巴胺及抑制化学呕吐感受区不存在关联。     

楷木枝叶提取物抗水貂呕吐的药效及机制研究

目的 探讨楷木枝叶提取物(楷木提取物)抗水貂呕吐的药效及机制.方法 采用水貂作为模式动物,应用顺铂和1-苯基双胍盐酸盐(PBG)制造呕吐模型,记录水貂呕吐潜伏期、干呕及呕吐次数,同时用高效液相电化学法测水貂回肠5-羟色胺含量,全面观察和评价楷木枝叶提取物抗水貂呕吐的药效及其机制.结果 楷木枝叶提取物及组合物(楷木枝叶提取物与姜辣素按1:1混合)可抑制顺铂和1-苯基双胍盐酸盐所致的水貂呕吐行为,延长呕吐潜伏期,减少干呕次数(P<0.05);楷木枝叶提取物及组合物均可抑制顺铂和1-苯基双胍盐酸盐引起的5-羟色胺释放(P<0.05).结论 楷木枝叶提取物可以有效抑制呕吐反应,其机制涉及5-羟色胺系统.     

RP-HPLC法测定干姜、炮姜和生姜中3种姜酚的含量

目的:建立测定干姜、炮姜和生姜3种药用姜中6-姜酚、8-姜酚和10-姜酚含量的方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为依利特Hypersil ODS 2(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 m),流动相为乙腈-水(72∶28),流速为1 mL·min-1,检测波长为280 nm,柱温为25℃,进样量为10μL。结果:6-姜酚、8-姜酚和10-姜酚的进样浓度分别在1.156～231.200μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9)、1.072～214.400μg·mL-1(r=0.999 8)、1.031～206.200μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9)范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系;平均加样回收率分别为97.50%、98.06%、96.39%,RSD分别为1.18%、0.87%、1.37%(n均为6)。结论:本方法快速、准确、简便、高效,可为药用姜的质量控制和评价提供依据。     

干姜HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:通过建立干姜HPLC指纹图谱,为干姜全面质量评价提供参考依据。方法:色谱柱为Agilent TC-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 ml·min-1,柱温为30℃,检测波长为240 nm,采用"中药指纹图谱相似度计算软件"进行处理。结果:10批干姜药材在240 nm下的色谱指纹图谱有10个共有峰,相似度在99%以上。结论:240 nm下干姜指纹图谱专属性及特征性较强,样品信息丰富,可作为干姜质量评价提供参考。     

沙利度胺预防含顺铂方案化疗诱导的延迟性恶心呕吐的临床研究

目的:探讨沙利度胺在预防含顺铂方案化疗引起的延迟性恶心呕吐的作用。方法:80例非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为A、B组,在含顺铂化疗基础上分别加用沙利度胺、甲氧氯普胺治疗延迟性恶心呕吐,观察2组对其控制情况。结果:2组对延迟性恶心呕吐的有效率、完全控制率差异均有统计学意义,但对急性恶心呕吐预防差异无统计学意义。结论:沙利度胺预防延迟性恶心呕吐疗效肯定,安全性较好。     

Flow Cytometric Determination of Genotoxic Effects of Exposure to Petroleum in Mink and Sea Otters

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the genotoxic effects of crude oil on mink and sea otters. In the first experiment, the effects on mink of chronic exposure to weathered Prudhoe Bay crude oil were studied. Female mink were fed a diet that included weathered crude oil for a period of 3 weeks prior to mating, during pregnancy and until weaning. Kits were exposed through lactation and by diet after weaning until 4 months of age. Kidney and liver tissues of the kits were examined using flow cytometry (FCM) and it was found that the genome size was increased in kidney samples from the experimental group compared to the control group. This effect was probably due to some type of DNA amplification and it could have been inherited from the exposed mothers or have been a somatic response to oil exposure in the pups. No evidence of clastogenic effects, as measured by the coefficient of variation (CV) of the G1 peak, was found in kidney or liver tissue. In the second experiment, yearling female mink were exposed either by diet or externally to crude oil or bunker C fuel oil. Evidence for clastogenic damage was found in spleen tissue for the exposure groups, but not in kidney tissue. No evidence of increased genome size was observed. In the third experiment, blood was obtained from wild-caught sea otters in Prince William Sound. The sea otters represented two populations: one from western Prince William Sound that was potentially exposed to oil from the Exxon Valdez oil spill and a reference population from eastern Prince William Sound that did not receive oil from the spill. The spill had occurred 1.5 years prior to obtaining the blood samples. Although the mean CVs did not differ between the populations, the exposed population had a significantly higher variance of CV measurements and five out of 15 animals from the exposed population had CVs higher than the 95% confidence limits of the reference population. It is concluded that FCM is a sensitive indicator of the clastogenic effects of oil exposure and that haematopoietic tissues and blood are best for detecting clastogenic damage. Moreover, the observed differences in the genome size of the kidney cells were possibly heritable effects, but this needs further investigation. Lastly, sea otters exposed to spilled oil 1.5 years earlier showed evidence of clastogenic damage in one-third of the individuals sampled.     

Ginger for prevention of antiretroviral-induced nausea and vomiting: a randomized clinical trial

Objective: In this randomized clinical trial ginger efficacy for prevention of antiretroviral-induced nausea and vomiting (N/V) was investigated.

Methods: From July 2011 until the end of June 2013, 102 HIV positive patients attending the HIV clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital participated in the study. In a double blinded manner, participants randomly received either 500 mg ginger or placebo two times per day, 30 min before each dose of antiretroviral regimen for 14 days. The severity of nausea was assessed based on the visual analogue scale. The number of vomiting episodes were also recorded during the study period.

Results: A total of 46 (90.2%) and 29 (56.4%) of the patients in placebo and ginger groups experienced some degree of nausea during the first 2 weeks of antiretroviral therapy (ART), respectively (p = 0.001). Frequency of mild, moderate and severe nausea were significantly lower in the ginger than placebo group (p = 0. 001). Also, 24 (47.1%) and 5 (9.8%) of the patients in the placebo and ginger groups reported at least one episode of vomiting during their time on ART, respectively (p = 0.01).

Conclusion: Ginger was effective in ameliorating of antiretroviral-induced N/V.     

干姜软膏的制备

目的：研究干姜软膏的制备。方法用水蒸气蒸馏法提取干姜的挥发油与樟脑,通过乳化方法制成O／W的软膏。结果该软膏细腻,稳定性好,易于涂布。结论该软膏制备工艺可行,性质稳定,具有一定的经济效益。     

Anti-emetic Effect of Mosapride Citrate Hydrate,a 5-HT4 Receptor Agonist,on Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)-Induced Emesis in Experimental Animals

Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used to treat depression, they frequently cause gastrointestinal adverse effects, such as nausea and emesis. In the present study, we investigated the anti-emetic effect of mosapride, a 5-HT₄ receptor agonist, on SSRIs-induced emesis in Suncus murinus and dogs. We also examined the effect of mosapride on SSRIs-induced delay in gastric emptying and increase in gastric vagal afferent activity in rats. Oral administration of paroxetine, but not its subcutaneous administration, dose-dependently caused emesis in both animals. Mosapride inhibited paroxetine-induced emesis in Suncus murinus and dogs with ID₅₀ values of 7.9 and 1.1 mg/kg, respectively. The anti-emetic effect of mosapride was partially inhibited by SB207266, a selective 5-HT₄ antagonist. Intragastric administration of paroxetine increased gastric vagal afferent discharge in anesthetized rats. Mosapride failed to suppress this increase. On the other hands, mosapride improved the delay in gastric emptying caused by paroxetine in rats. We have shown in this study that oral administration of SSRIs causes emesis and activates gastric vagal afferent activity in experimental animals and that mosapride inhibits SSRIs-induced emesis, probably via improvement of SSRIs-induced delay in gastric emptying. These findings highlight the promising potential of mosapride as an anti-emetic agent.     

干姜药材不同提取液HPLC-MSD指纹图谱研究

目的 对干姜药材不同提取液高效液相-质谱检测器(HPLC-MSD)总离子流色谱指纹图谱的方法学进行评价.方法 确定试验条件并进行方法学考察,色谱条件:Agilent Zorbax SB C18色谱柱(4.6 μm×250.0 μm,5.0 μm);流动相A相为乙腈,B相为水,梯度洗脱;流速1.0 ml/min,柱后分流;柱温25 ℃;进样量10 μl.质谱条件:大气压电离-电喷雾电离(API-ESI)离子源,正离子检测模式,质荷比200~1200,干燥气(N2)流速10 L/min,雾化气压力0.58 mmHg(30 psig),干燥气温度350℃,裂解电压70 V,毛细管电压3500 V.结果 干姜药材HPLC-MSD总离子流色谱指纹图谱具有较好的稳定性、精密度和重复性,相对保留时间和相对峰面积的相对标准偏差均＜3.0%.干姜药材甲醇提取液HPLC-MSD总离子流指纹图谱中色谱峰分离较好,确定了20个特征色谱峰;干姜药材水煎液中色谱峰明显少于甲醇提取液,色谱图中仅检测到4~8号色谱峰.结论 本研究可为干姜药材指纹图谱的系统研究提供有益借鉴,同时有助于干姜药材的质量控制和评价.     

薄层扫描法测定生姜中6-姜醇的含量

目的 :建立以薄层扫描法测定生姜中6 -姜醇含量的方法。方法 :采用双波长反射法对样品进行线性扫描 ,检测波长λs=280nm ,参比波长λR=370nm。结果 :6 -姜醇线性范围为2 0μg～10 2μg(r=0 9996) ,平均回收率为99 4 % (RSD=2 1 % ,n=6)。结论 :本法能有效消除生姜中其它成分对含量测定的干扰 ,且简便、准确、重现性好。