过伸性颈椎颈髓损伤的手术入路疗效比较

目的探讨过伸性颈椎颈髓损伤后三种手术入路疗效的比较。方法我们对2000年9月～2004年10月间收治的47例过伸性颈椎颈髓损伤并接受手术治疗的患者进行回顾性分析，根据手术方式不同分成三组：前路入路组、后路入路组、前后联合入路组，比较其疗效。结果所有患者经6～12个月随访，比较三组间手术前、后的Frankel的分级变化和ASIA评分改变。三组术后神经功能均较术前有明显改善；前路减压、植骨内固定和前后联合入路减压、植骨内固定均较后路减压、植骨内固定术后神经功能恢复好，两两间差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；前后联合入路减压最彻底，但其预后与单纯前路减压内固定差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。结论前路减压内固定是过伸性颈椎颈髓损伤首选的手术方式，后路是辅助的手术方法，而前后联合入路应谨慎选用。     

过伸性颈椎颈髓损伤的诊断与治疗

报道４３例过伸性颈椎颈髓伤。所有病例进行了ＭＲＩ检查，结果示颈椎损伤的ＭＲＩ改变主要为：（１）椎前血肿形成和前纵韧带断裂；（２）椎体前缘撕脱性骨折；（３）椎间盘突出。颈髓损伤的ＭＲＩ包括：９１）水肿；（２）出血；（３）受压，多数闰同采用颈前咱砬压术，经６－６５个月，平均３８个月随访，获得满意疗效。     

过伸性颈椎颈髓损伤的诊断和治疗

报道４３例过伸性颈椎颈髓伤。所有病例均进行了ＭＲＩ检查，结果示颈椎损伤的ＭＲＩ改变主要为：（１）椎前血肿形成和前纵韧带断裂；（２）椎体前缘撕脱性骨折；（３）椎间盘突出。颈髓损伤的ＭＲＩ改变包括：（１）水肿；（２）出血；（３）受压。大多数病（３４／４３）采用颈前路减压术。经６～６５个月，平均３８个月随访，获得满意疗效。作者指出，急性颈椎间盘突出是过伸性颈椎损伤后多见的颈椎结构损伤，除了脊髓中央综合征外，前脊髓损伤和严重脊髓损伤也可见于过伸性颈髓损伤。ＭＲＩ对过伸性颈髓损伤的诊断和治疗方法选择具有重要价值。文中根据临床表现和ＭＲＩ检查结果，提出了在治疗方法选择方面应掌握的基本原则。     

老年人颈椎过伸性损伤致颈髓损伤的治疗策略

目的探讨颈椎过伸性损伤致颈髓损伤手术治疗效果。方法对23例合并颈脊髓损伤的颈椎过伸性损伤老年患者行减压后植骨融合内固定术,其中前路手术18例,后路手术5例。结果23例均获随访,时间8～36个月。末次随访时脊髓功能Frankel分级：A级1例恢复至B级;B级7例恢复至c级2例、D级4例、E级1例;C级10例恢复至D级5例、E级5例;D级5例均恢复至E级。结论对颈椎过伸性损伤致颈髓损伤的老年患者,早期行手术减压、植骨融合内固定,疗效满意。     

过伸性颈脊髓损伤治疗体会

过神性颈脊髓损伤，由于无明显骨折、脱位等颈椎损伤，临床上容易被漏诊、误诊［１］。自１９８９年初～１９９５年底，本院共收治无骨折脱位的颈脊髓损伤病人２７例，其中过伸性损伤１８例，经过４～３７个月，平均２０个月随访，结果满意，报告如下。临床资料１．一般资料：本组１８例中男１３例，女５例；年龄２８～７６岁；坠跌伤１３例，车祸伤５例。１８例均有颈椎前方、气管后的压痛。神经损伤以脊髓中央综合征１０例，脊髓前部综合征２例，脊髓后部综合征１例，神经根综合征２例，严重颈髓损伤３例。２．影像学资料：（１）Ｘ线平片…     

颈椎动态变化与过伸性脊髓损伤

颈椎过伸性损伤是颈椎脊髓损伤的一种损伤机制，而过伸性脊髓损伤与原发性颈椎退变有明显相关性。研究表明，过伸性颈椎脊髓损伤患者中，原有颈椎退变基础病变占45％～75％，这类损伤，是中老年人最为常见颈脊髓损伤。为什么退变性颈椎因颈椎过伸暴力，极易合并颈脊髓损伤，研究发现颈椎椎管动态变化特点和规律与颈椎退变有密切的关系。     

颈椎过伸性损伤的临床研究

目的：探讨颈椎过伸性损伤的临床表现及不同治疗方法的结果。方法：对1990～1999年间收治的115例颈椎过伸性损伤患者的损伤原因、机制、合并脊髓神经损伤类型及程度以及保守治疗和手术治疗的远期疗效进行分析。结果：小于50岁青壮年颈椎过伸性损伤常常是骨折脱位型，而老年人多为无骨折脱位型，手术组疗效明显优于保守治疗组。结论：颈椎过伸性损伤可并发多种类型脊髓损伤，尽早手术治疗可明显改善脊髓神经功能，跨越式减压法对那些不能牵引复位者可能是最安全有效的手术方法。     

下颈椎过伸性损伤的手术方式选择

目的 探讨下颈椎过伸性损伤的手术方式选择.方法回顾性分析57例颈椎过伸性损伤,37例行后路手术(后路组),20例行前路手术(前路组).结果获随访6～36个月,平均20.2个月,两组术后神经功能均明显改善;后路较前路神经功能恢复好,但两组间无显著性差异.结论前、后路减压均达到良好效果,但针对颈椎过伸性损伤具体特点,宜选择...     

颈椎过伸性损伤的诊断及治疗进展

颈椎过伸性损伤是临床常见的一种颈椎外伤,对颈椎过伸性损伤的诊断主要依据受伤机制、神经系统及影像学的检查,颈椎过伸性损伤的治疗措施有手术和非手术两种,本文就其诊断及治疗进展予以综述。     

颈前路手术治疗颈髓过伸性损伤的疗效分析

目的 探讨颈前路手术治疗颈髓过伸性损伤的效果.方法 分析颈前路手术治疗38例颈髓过伸性损伤的临床资料.结果 本组获随访12～48个月,ASIA分级平均提高1.9个级别,JOA评分平均提高5.03分,改善率为52.7％,差异有统计学意义.结论 颈前路减压内固定术能有效改善颈髓过伸性损伤的神经功能,降低致残率.     

Imaging diagnosis of cervical spine and spinal cord injuries in children

ＣＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＯｒｔｈｏｐｅｄｉｃＳｕｒｇｅｒｙ ,ＸｉｎｈｕａＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌ,ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＳｅｃｏｎｄＭｅｄｉｃａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ 2 0 0 0 92 ,Ｃｈｉｎａ(ＤａｉＬＹ)ｅｒｖｉｃａｌｓｐｉｎｅａｎｄｓｐｉｎａｌｃｏｒｄｉｎｊｕｒｉｅｓｉｎｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎａｒｅｒａｒｅ .Ｔｈｅｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｓｐｅｃｔｒｕｍｖａｒｉｅｓｄｅｐｅｎｄｉｎｇｏｎｔｈｅｌｅｖｅｌａｎｄｓｅｖｅｒｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｊｕｒｙ .Ｔｈｅｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｉｔｈｍｉｌｄｉｎｊｕｒｙｍａｙｏ…     

过伸性颈脊髓损伤外科干预时机及早期手术适应证

目的探讨过伸性颈脊髓损伤的外科干预时机及早期手术的适应证选择。方法107例过伸性颈脊髓损伤,根据治疗方式和接受手术时间的不同分成4组:非手术治疗组(21例)、1~7 d手术组(37例)、8~14 d手术组(37例)、14 d以后手术组(9例),比较4组间治疗前后的ASIA评分改变。结果3例死亡,104例获得12~28个月随访,脊髓神经功能按ASIA运动评分,平均增长值:手术组均高于非手术治疗组(P<0.05),1~7 d手术组(41.85±13.91)高于8~14 d手术组(35.01±13.01)(P<0.05),8~14 d手术组(35.01±13.01)高于14 d以后手术组(26.91±10.05)(P<0.05)。结论过伸性颈脊髓损伤的手术治疗应在伤后7 d内进行,尽早手术减压是最大限度恢复神经功能的关键。凡MR I提示颈脊髓损伤、间盘损伤、突出者,早期手术可避免因颈椎不稳造成神经的继发性损伤,保证其远期疗效。     

陈旧性颈椎过伸伤伴脊髓损伤的临床研究

目的 探讨陈旧性颈椎过伸伤伴脊髓损伤患者的临床特点及其转归.方法 回顾性分析30例陈旧性颈椎过伸伤患者的临床资料,从损伤到就诊时间为3个月～8年,根据就诊时间分为三组,第1组:3～6个月,17例;第2组:6～12个月,8例;第3组:12个月～8年,5例.分别在术前、术后3个月、术后1年进行JOA评分,观察神经功能的改善率,比较各组的恢复情况.26例行颈椎前路减压植骨内固定术,4例行颈椎后路减压植骨内固定术.结果 三组之间的患者例数构成存在显著性差异.30例均获随访,随访时间18～39个月,平均23个月.术后1年,第1组平均改善率为23.8%,第2组平均改善率为53.9%,第3组平均改善率为54.3%.术后3个月、术后1年,第1组和第2组、第1组和第3组的JOA评分存在显著性差异,第2组和第3组无显著性差异.结论 陈旧性颈椎过伸伤伴迟发性脊髓损伤的发生在时间上有逐渐减少的趋势,迟发性脊髓损伤发生越早的患者损伤越严重,手术后的恢复越差.     

Pathomechanisms of spinal cord injuries caused by injuries of the cervical spine

The pathomechanism of injuries of the spinal cord due to injuries of the cervical spine in 158 patients treated during the last ten years has been presented. It has been determined that total and irreversible injuries of the spine occurred most often after fractures of the spine with displacement from hyperflexion (29.7 per cent) crushed fractures (24.7 per cent), and dislocation of the spine (24.7 per cent). In the majority of the patients, the spinal cord was irreversibly damaged already at injury, and in 29.2 per cent, the symptoms of deformity of the lumen of the vertebral canal and compression of the spinal cord remained. In about 24 per cent of the patients, the symptoms of congenital or habitual relative stenosis of the vertebral canal occurred. The performed examination has shown that knowledge of the pathomechanism of injury of the spine may facilitate determination of the degree of injury of the spinal cord as early as immediately after trauma.     

Management of athletic injuries of the cervical spine and spinal cord

Injuries to the cervical spine among athletes present inherent difficulties, especially in advising for return to contact sports. Experience with the acute care of 63 patients who sustained cervical spine injuries while participating in organized sporting events is analyzed. Forty-five patients had permanent injury to the vertebral column and/or spinal cord, while 18 suffered only transient spinal cord symptoms. Football mishaps accounted for the highest number of injuries, followed by wrestling and gymnastics. Twelve patients had complete spinal cord injury, 14 patients had incomplete spinal cord injury, and 19 patients had injury to the vertebral column alone. The majority of the spinal cord lesions occurred at the C4 and C5 levels, while bony injuries of C4 through C6 predominated. Twenty-five patients required surgical stabilization, and 20 were treated with orthosis only. There was no instance of associated systemic injuries, and hospital complications were few. The mean time of hospitalization was 19.1 days for injured patients and 3.0 days for patients with transient symptoms. A classification was developed to assist in the management of these patients: Type 1 athletic injuries to the cervical spine are those that cause neurological injury; patients with Type 1 injuries are not allowed to participate in contact, competitive sporting events. Type 2 injuries consist of transient neurological deficits without radiological evidence of abnormalities; these injuries usually do not prohibit further participation in contact sports unless they become repetitive. Type 3 injuries are those that cause radiological abnormality alone; these represent a heterogeneous group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)