磁共振电影相位对比定量肝硬化门静脉血流与肝功能分级的关系

目的 采用电影相位对比磁共振成像(Cine PC MRI)评价肝硬化门静脉高压患者门静脉血流动力学与Child-Pugh肝功能分级的关系. 资料与方法 49例肝硬化门静脉高压患者,男26例,女23例,平均年龄47.8岁;19名正常对照者,男10名,女9名,平均年龄43.5岁.按Child-Pugh肝功能分级,A级10例,B级31例,C级8例.采用Cine PC MRI对门静脉血流进行定量测量. 结果 肝硬化组按照Child A、B、C顺序,门静脉血流速度逐渐降低,组内差异具有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05);Child C级的门静脉流速与A、B级及正常组相比,流速明显减低,差异具有显著性统计学意义(P<0.01).肝硬化Child B、C级患者较正常组门静脉直径增宽、截面积明显增大(P<0.05).Child C级较B级门静脉血流量明显减少(P<0.05). 结论 Cine PC MRI监测门静脉血流动力学有助于评价肝硬化患者的肝功能、门静脉高压严重程度.     

阿罗洛尔对肝硬化患者门静脉压力及门静脉系统血流动力学影响

目的探讨阿罗洛尔对肝硬化患者门静脉压力及门静脉系统血流动力学的影响。方法选取武警河南省总队医院自2016年6月至2018年9月收治的124例肝硬化门静脉高压患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将其分为A组与B组,每组各62例。两组患者均予以营养支持、护肝及免疫调节等基础治疗。A组患者口服普萘洛尔,10 mg/次,3次/d。B组患者口服阿罗洛尔,5 mg/次,2次/d。检测两组患者治疗前后的肝静脉压力梯度(HVPG)、肝静脉楔压(WHVP)、肝静脉自由压(FHVP)、门静脉主干内径(DPV)、门静脉主干血流速度(VPV)、门静脉主干血流量(QPV)。观察并记录两组患者治疗前后的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,两组患者的HVPG、WHVP、DPV、VPV、QPV及HR、MAP均低于治疗前,且B组的上述指标均低于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论阿罗洛尔治疗肝硬化门静脉高压,可以明显降低门静脉压力,改善患者门静脉系统血流动力学情况,同时可明显降低患者HR及MAP,安全可靠。     

改良式TIPS的解剖学基础研究

目的 探讨肝硬化门脉高压患者下腔静脉、肝静脉与门静脉三者之间的影像解剖学关系,评估改良式TIPS,即经肝段下腔静脉入路经颈静脉肝内门体分流术的安全性与可行性.方法 64例临床证实的肝硬化患者,肝功能Child-Pugh B级40例,C级24例,行肝脏双期增强扫描后行CT多层面重组(MPR)及曲面重建(CPR)后处理,将测量所得数据进行配对t检验.结果 Child-Pugh B级者肝段下腔静脉的长度与C级者相比前者较长(P＜0.05).以肝段下腔静脉穿刺点为A1,肝右静脉开口2 cm处的穿刺点为A2,门静脉分叉部穿刺点为B1,门静脉右支开口2 cm处的穿刺点为B2,A1 B1线的长度与A2 B1线的长度相比前者较短(P＜0.05),A1 B2线和A2 B2线与B2点所在门静脉右支径线的夹角大小相比前者较小(P＜0.05).A1 B1线和A1 B2线分别与所在门静脉径线的夹角相比前者较大(P＜0.05),A2 B1线和A2 B2线分别与所在门静脉径线的夹角相比前者较大(P＜0.05).结论 从解剖学角度分析,改良式TIPS具备安全性及可行性,较传统TIPS术式还具有分流道走行顺畅,对血流动力学影响小的优点.     

肝硬化640层CT肝灌注容积扫描肝血管成像的临床应用研究

目的:探讨利用640层CT肝灌注容积数据对肝硬化患者进行肝血管成像的可行性及其临床应用价值.方法:25例肝功正常(A组)和50例肝硬化患者(B组:Child-Pugh A级25例;C组:Child-Pugh B级25例)行640层CT肝灌注检查,绘制时间-密度曲线(TDC),测量主动脉和门静脉的达峰值时间(TTP)、峰值(PV)及门静脉与肝脏密度差的最大值(P-L).选取主动脉峰值期的容积数据进行肝动脉血管成像;采用P-L值最大的1期及3期容积数据对门静脉进行单期和多期融合成像,并对比两种成像方法的图像质量.结果:三组间主动脉TTP和PV的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).肝硬化组门静脉的TTP较对照组长,PV及P-L值下降,3组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);进一步两两比较,除A与B组间门脉TTP值的差异无统计学意义外,其余各组间3个参数的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).3组均可显示肝动脉3级分支.门脉多期融合成像质量优于单期成像(P＜0.05),A组可显示3～4级门静脉分支,B和C组可显示1～3级门静脉分支.结论:利用640层CT全肝灌注成像容积数据进行血管成像,能清晰显示肝动脉和门静脉,有助于肝硬化患者临床治疗方案的制订.     

电影相位对比MRI肝硬化上消化道出血门静脉血流动力学研究

目的:采用电影相位对比MRI定量肝硬化门静脉血流,评价其与消化道出血的关系.方法:对49例门静脉高压症患者行电影相位对比MRI门静脉血流定量测量,依照病史分为出血组31例,无出血组18例;另选对照组19例.结果:门静脉高压出血组及未出血组门静脉主干截面积与正常组比较均显示明显增大(P＜0.05),肝硬化出血组门静脉流速较未出血组流速增高,但较正常对照组减低,该差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),肝硬化出血组门静脉血流量明显增高,与正常组及肝硬化未出血组比较,差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:电影相位对比MRI能客观反映门静脉血流动力学改变.     

肝硬化患者低钙血症的临床分析

 目的 探讨肝硬化患者血清钙浓度与肝功能的关系及临床意义.方法 126例肝硬化患者,按Child-Pugh分级标准分为A、B、C 3级;对照组120例,为同期健康体检者.两组受检者均清晨空腹静脉抽血,测定血清钙.结果 肝硬化患者低钙血症发生率显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),血钙浓度(1.92±0.17) mmol/L显著低于对照组(2.39±0.19) mmol/L(P＜0.01).肝硬化患者血钙浓度与肝功能损害程度相关,随肝功能Child-Pugh分级而逐级下降,C级患者血钙浓度明显低于A级(P＜0.05);血钙浓度与病因及年龄无关.结论 肝硬化患者低钙血症发生率高于健康人,其发生及严重程度与肝硬化严重程度相关.     

运用CT动态灌注成像技术测定肝脏血流量的临床研究

目的 探讨CT灌注成像的测定方法和技术原理,以及肝硬化程度与肝脏血流量动态变化关系。资料与方法 肝硬化患者27例,其中Child A级12例,Child B级10例,CMld C级5例。对照组为无肝脏疾病者18例。选取同时含有肝脏、脾、主动脉和门静脉的层面进行CT动态增强扫描,绘制感兴趣区时间-密度曲线(TDC),计算肝脏血流量各参数。结果 (1)肝硬化患者的肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、门静脉灌注量(PVP)和总肝血流量(THBF)均较正常组降低,平均通过时间(MTT)较正常组延长。(2)肝硬化程度不同时,部分肝血流灌注参数存在显著性差异。(3)脾灌注量和门静脉灌注量呈正相关。结论 (1)肝脏CT灌注成像可定量测定肝血流量参数。(2)肝硬化时肝脏血流灌注的变化与疾病的严重程度相关。     

自身免疫性肝炎致肝硬化的MRI表现及其临床价值

目的 探讨自身免疫性肝炎(autoimmune hepatitis,AIH)致肝硬化的MRI诊断特点,以提高其诊断准确性.资料与方法回顾分析经临床确诊为AIH所致肝硬化患者7例,所有患者均按肝功能Child-Pugh分级(A级2例,B级2例,C级3例)并行MR T,WI、T2WI、扩散加权成像(DWI)及动态增强扫描.2例行肝穿刺活检,2例经1～2年随访,分析其MRI表现并与病理、肝功能分级对照.结果 (1)肝脏形态学改变:5例(Child B、C级)全肝萎缩.3例(Child C级)肝脏内可见多个大小不等结节形成,可见结节融合,横径最大约为53 mm,结节信号表现多样,但在DWI上均呈低信号,部分结节增强后可见强化,随访后强化信号消失.(2)继发门静脉高压改变:除1例(Child A级)无明显继发门静脉高压表现,余6例门静脉主干增粗、胃底及脾静脉延长迂曲.7例脾均增大,2例(Child C级)脾内可见含铁血黄素沉积,其中1例伴有脾梗死.3例(Child C级)腹腔积液形成.(3)其他:1例(Child A级)肝内胆管轻度扩张.所有患者均无淋巴结改变.肝穿刺病理结果符合AIH致肝硬化表现.结论 AIH致肝硬化的MRI表现特点为:随着肝功能Child-Pugh分级的加重,肝脏形态学及继发门静脉高压改变随之加重;全肝萎缩,肝左外叶及尾状叶的代偿性增大少见;肝硬化结节形态、信号改变多样,癌变罕见;可伴有肝内胆管扩张;较少伴有淋巴结肿大.MRI可作为AIH致肝硬化的有效检查手段.     

MSCT门静脉成像对门脉高压症中门静脉血栓形成与临床病情关系的研究

目的:采用64排螺旋CT门静脉成像探讨肝硬化(LC)门脉高压症(PH)门静脉血栓(PVT)形成对临床病程进展的影响。方法:对183例LC患者行CT检查,其中并发PVT者109例,无血栓者74例,应用MIP、MPR、CPR方法多角度多层面显示门静脉系统血管结构和侧支循环,测量血栓范围和狭窄程度。分别比较PVT组和对照组之间、不同Child-Pugh(CP)分级亚组间的肝功能、凝血功能、门脉系统血管宽度、侧支循环、脾脏大小的差异,分析PVT组各影像特征之间及其与肝功能的相关性。结果:PVT组与对照组间的血清总胆红素、门静脉和脾静脉宽度、脾面积、脾/胃-肾分流的差异均有统计学意义(t=-2.830、P=0.005;t=3.576、P<0.001;t=0.780、P=0.043;t=3.491、P=0.001;χ2=5.350、P=0.021),PVT组平均值均较高,且在CP的B和/或C级下差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A级中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);前腹壁静脉曲张在各分级中差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.485,P=0.034)。PVT组肠系膜上静脉血栓与肠壁水肿有一定的相关性(r=0.227,P=0.018);脾静脉与胃左静脉宽度有一定的相关性(r=0.371,P<0.001)。结论:门静脉血栓形成与门脉高压症病情密切相关,可能为促进肝硬化临床病程发展的重要因素。     

A study of the relationship between the portal vein thrombosis and clinical progression in portal hypertension on multi-slice CT portal venography

目的:采用64排螺旋CT门静脉成像探讨肝硬化(LC)门脉高压症(PH)门静脉血栓(PVT)形成对临床病程进展的影响.方法:对183例LC患者行CT检查,其中并发PVT者109例,无血栓者74例,应用MIP、MPR、CPR方法多角度多层面显示门静脉系统血管结构和侧支循环,测量血栓范围和狭窄程度.分别比较PVT组和对照组之间、不同Child-Pugh(CP)分级亚组间的肝功能、凝血功能、门脉系统血管宽度、侧支循环、脾脏大小的差异,分析PVT组各影像特之间及其与肝功能的相关性.结果:PVT组与对照组间的血清总胆红素、门静脉和脾静脉宽度、脾面积、脾/胃-肾分流的差异均有统计学意义(t=-2.830、P=0.005;t=3.576、P<0.001;t=0.780、P=0.043;t=3.491、P=0.001;χ2= 5.350、P=0.021),PVT组平均值均较高,且在CP的B和/或C级下差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A级中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);前腹壁静脉曲张在各分级中差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.485,P=0.034).PVT组肠系膜上静脉血栓与肠壁水肿有一定的相关性(r=0.227,P=0.018);脾静脉与胃左静脉宽度有一定的相关性(r=0.371,P<0.001).结论:门静脉血栓形成与门脉高压症病情密切相关,可能为促进肝硬化临床病程发展的重要因素.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.