依赖异丙肾上腺素逆传的房室结折返性心动过速

目的探讨房室结双径路中的室房逆传和对房室结双径路的快径逆传间歇性的认识。方法对401例AVNRT者中,在基础状态下RVAS1S1>500ms为无室房逆传的13例患者进行异丙肾试验,重复电生理检查。结果401例AVNRT为慢快型,其中388例(96.8%)RVAS1S1<300ms,为有室房逆传组,而13例(3.2%)RVAS1S1>500ms,为无室房逆传组。结论AVNRT的病人中行电生理检查示房室结存在双径路而室房分离或室房传导时间长,在不能诱发心动过速时,应使用异丙肾上腺素以明确存在快径间歇性逆传的可能性。     

异丙肾上腺素对射频消融房室结折返性心动过速疗效评价的意义

对消融房室结慢径的７２例房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）病人进行观察分析，以了解异丙肾上腺素在ＡＶＮＲＴ射频消融中的临床价值。消融前电生理检查时有２７．８％（２０／７２）的病人未能诱发ＡＶＮＲＴ，静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素后，８５．０％（１７／２０）则能诱发；消融后４７．９％（３４／７２）用异丙肾上腺素评价，其中８例既有房室结跳跃现象又有心房回波的病人５０．０％（４／８）诱发出ＡＶＮＲＴ而重新消融。随访８．５±４．３个月，成功消融的７１例中，３４例经异丙肾上腺素评价者无一例复发，３７例未用异丙肾上腺素评价者２例复发。提示静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素可提高ＡＶＮＲＴ的诱发率；消融后房室结慢径前传功能存在时，无论有无心房回波均应用异丙肾上腺素评价，以确定消融终点和降低复发率。     

异丙肾上腺素对射频消融房室结折返性心动过速疗效…

地消融房室结慢径的７２例房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）病人进行观察分析，以了解异丙肾上腺素在ＡＶＮＲＴ射频消融中的临床价值。消融前电生理检查时有２７．８％（２０／７２）从未能诱发ＡＶＮＲＴ，静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素后，８５．０％（１７／２０）则能诱发；消融后４７．９％（３４／７２）和异丙肾上腺素评价，其中９例既有吉跳跃现象又有心房回波的病人５０．０％（４／８）诱发出ＡＶＮＲＴ而重新消融。随访８．５     

异丙肾上腺素判定房室结内折返性心动过速消融终点的临床意义

目的 探讨异丙肾上腺素判定房室结内折返性心动过速消融终点的临床意义。方法 对97例房室结内折返性心动过速患者，消融前后作使用及不使用异丙肾上腺素自身对照进行心内电生理检查。结果 70例(95％可信区间63％—81％)可诱发室上性心动过速，消融后观察30min，心内电生理检查不能诱发。27例(95％可信区间19％—38％)消融前不能诱发室上性心动过速，静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素后再重复心内电生理检查，均能够诱发室上性心动过速；消融后观察30min，均无室上性心动过速。结论 判定常规心内电生理检查不能诱发心动过速的房室结内折返性心动过速患者的消融终点。宜在使用异丙肾上腺素后再重复同样程序的刺激，并以不能诱发为指标。     

异丙肾上腺素诱发房室折返性心动过速对预激综合征的临床意义

作者比较分析了20例无药状态下不能诱发出心动过速的旁道患者与20例诱发出心动过速旁道患者的电生理试验资料。研究组中14例使用异丙肾上腺素或阿托品后立即重复电生理试验,其中7例诱发出心动过速,诱发出心动过速的原因是正常房室传导系统顺传功能的改善。对旁道逆传功能不佳的患者仍难以诱发出心动过速。     

选择性消融逆传快径治疗典型房室结折返性心动过速

设计一种新的射频消融方法（选择性消融逆传快径）对25例反复发作的典型房室结折返性心动过速（AVN－RT）进行消融治疗。经股静脉插入1～2很大头电极至Koch氏三角区,于旁His束心室起搏下寻找还传A’最早的靶点,靶点图上不能有或仅有极小H波,大头电极用力压向靶点出现：①VA分离或H’A’间期延长,说明逆传快径已被机械刺激所阻断,立即放电15～25W,持续30～90S;②AH间期延长,说明前传快径已被机械刺激所阻断,移开大头电极待AH间期恢复正常,再重新标测;③反复数次操作,大头电极的机械刺激仍不能阻断逆传快径,则选择逆传A’最早的靶点试放电30S,出现VA分离或H’A’间期延长,则放电至60～90s,否则重新标测靶点。消融终点为VA分离或H’A’间或延长,用异丙肾上腺素仍不能诱发典型和非典型AVNRT。25例均一次消融成功,逆传快径被阻断、前传慢径均保留;23例VA分离、2例仅有H’A’间期延长;6例前传快径阻断;4例病人术中大头电极的机械刺激阻断了逆传快径。1倒成功靶点位于His束电极后上方,24例位于His束电极与冠状窦电极之间的区域。结论：在仔细精确的电生理标测下可实现选择性消融逆传快径,保留前传快慢径。此方法安全有效。     

房室结折返性心动过速诱发特点的观察

76例房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）患者中,55例采用一般程序刺激可诱发室上性心动过速（SVT）,消融后观察30min,心内电生理不能诱发;21例采用一般程序刺激不能诱发SVT,静滴异丙肾上腺素后能诱发SVT,消融后观察30min,静滴异丙肾上腺素后,再重复心内电生理仍无SVT发生.两组消融复发率无统计学意义;但一般刺激诱发组快慢径路之间有效不应期（ERP）有统计学差异;应用异丙肾上腺素后刺激诱发组基础快慢径ERP无统计学差异.程序刺激是否诱发AVNRT,与患者的房室结前传功能有关,即快慢径路前向传导的ERP相差越大,则越易发生AVNRT.消融中如一般刺激不能诱发,可静滴异丙肾上腺素后再行程序刺激诱发,这对判断消融成功终点及减少复发有较大意义.     

双旁道逆传的两种顺向型房室折返性心动过速

1　临床资料与食管电生理分析　　患者男性、35岁 ,因反复发作心动过速就诊。常规心电图正常 ,心脏Ｂ超、Ｘ线胸片检查无特殊发现。食管电生理检查见附图 (Ⅰ、ａＶＦ、Ｖ1导联同时记录 )。图 1为程控早搏刺激Ｓ1Ｓ16 0 0ｍｓ、Ｓ1Ｓ2 390ｍｓ时记录 ,可见诱发出 2次折返心房搏动 ,并出现两种ＲＰ-间期和Ｐ-波形态。Ｒ2 Ｐ-Ｖ1=190ｍｓ、Ｐ-Ｖ1直立 ,Ｐ-Ｉ 倒置。Ｒ3 Ｐ-Ｖ116 0ｍｓ、Ｐ-Ｖ1直立 ,Ｐ-ａＶＦ倒置。提示左侧游离壁和左后间隔各存在一条隐匿性房室旁道[1] 。　　图 2为静脉注射 1ｍｇ阿托品后程控早搏法刺激时记录。当Ｓ1Ｓ15 …     

左右房室旁道交替性逆传参与房室折返性心动过速射频消融成功一例

患者男性,28岁,因发作性心悸5~6年入院。心内电生理检查发现右侧His束旁道及左侧游离壁隐匿性旁道交替性逆传参与顺向型房室折返性心动过速,其VV(RR)间期330~350ms,并且QRS波形态一致。导管消融成功阻断旁道传导,随访9个月心动过速无复发。结论:左右旁道交替性逆传参与同次房室折返性心动过速发作,临床相对少见,应注意识别。     

Atrial tachycardia with slow pathway conduction mimicking typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.

A 68-year-old woman with palpitations underwent electrophysiologic testing. During burst atrial pacing the PR interval exceeded the RR interval and induced a supraventricular tachycardia consistent with a typical AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Radiofrequency ablation of the slow pathway during the tachycardia immediately produced 2 : 1 AV conduction. After slow AV nodal pathway ablation an atrial tachycardia (AT) remained inducible with the earliest atrial activation around the HB region. Radiofrequency ablation at the site of earliest atrial activation interrupted the AT without AV block. AT originating from the HB region with slow pathway conduction may mimic typical AVNRT.     

Atrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia utilizing multiple retrograde fibers during ablation of the slow pathway

This report deals with a patient with atrioventricular (AV) reentrant junctional tachycardia who, during radiofrequency ablation of her slow pathway, developed both anterior and posterior type of slow-fast atrioventricular nodal reentry; in both tachycardias different fibers were alternately utilized for retrograde conduction, thus resulting in alternating tachycardia cycle lengths. This observation provides further evidence in favor of the multifiber structure of the AV node in patients with AV reentrant junctional tachycardia.     

隐匿性慢旁束心动过速的诊断和消融

２例隐匿性慢旁束折返性心动过速的诊断依据：１、心房和心室电刺激易诱发和终止心动过速；２、心动过速时体表心电图呈窄ＱＲＳ波，递行Ｐ波及ＰＲ〈ＰＲ；３、心动过速与右心室起搏均呈同样的偏心性心房激动顺序；４、心动过速时于希司速不应期刺激心室可提前夺获心房；５、经旁速室房传导呈递减性，未发现旁束有前传能力；６、射频消融心动过速的逆传支后表现为室房分离。射频消融需在心运过速或心起搏时仔细标测三尖瓣环，寻找最     

阻断共同通道治疗房室结折返性心动过速与心房扑动的研究

目的 探讨房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)与心房扑动(AFL)的共同发病机制。方法 20例AVNRT并发AFL的患者通过电生理检查明确其心动过速性质后，行冠状窦口附近的慢径消融术(RFCA)，消融能量平均25W；术后在静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素下反复各种电刺激诱发，双径现象消失或无PSVT发作，视为手术成功。结果 20例患者术后及随访期内(3月～33月)，无AVNRT与AFL发作，亦无房室传导阻滞等并发症发生。结论 部分AVNRT并发AFL患者在返环途径上可能存在共同通道，RFCA可使其同时得到治疗。     

Successful elimination of concealed accessory pathway-mediated tachycardia by ablation of AV nodal slow pathway

We report a case of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) using a concealed para-Hisian accessory pathway for retrograde conduction, which also required anterograde conduction over the AV nodal slow pathway to maintain the tachycardia. The shortest VA interval during AVRT (70 ms) was noted at a site with His bundle electrogram amplitude of 0.25 mV. The AVRT was cured by radiofrequency ablation of the AV nodal slow pathway without affecting accessory pathway conduction. The patient has not reported any sustained palpitations at 2 years after ablation while receiving no medications. The case presented in this report illustrates a para-Hisian AVRT that was successfully eliminated by an unconventional approach of ablation of the atrial inputs to the AV nodal slow pathway.     

射频消融治疗儿童房室结折返性心动过速的体会

目的　讨论射频消融术 (RFCA)治疗儿童房室经折返性心动过速的体会。方法　 1992年 3月至 2 0 0 1年 12月 ,应用射频消融术 (RFCA)治疗儿童房室结折返性心动过速共 5 2例 ,男 3 0例 ,女 2 2例 ,平均年龄 (8 4± 3 2 )岁 (3 5～15岁 )。全部病例均行食道心房调搏术及心内电生理检查 ,选择消融慢径路。结果　食道心房调搏术S2 R跳跃延长(63 1± 10 3 )ms(5 0～ 110ms) ,心内电生理检查AH跳跃延长 (5 2 4± 15 8)ms(3 0～ 10 5ms)。总消融成功率 97 6% ,输出功率 (18 2± 3 2 )W ,放电次数 (12 1± 4 2 )次 ,手术时间(1 5± 0 5 )h ,X线曝光时间 (18 5± 5 4)min。结论　射频消融术治疗儿童房室结折返性心动过速是安全、有效的 ,但应严格掌握适应证     

房室结折返性心动过速的可能折返机制和分型及其在指导慢径消融中的意义

目的根据房室结存在快径、右侧后延伸（经典慢径）和左侧后延伸（另一条慢径）和折返环路,对房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）进行分型,并根据电生理检查和射频消融的结果验证以上分型,同时分析此分型在指导房室结慢径消融中的意义.方法 812例入院进行射频消融AVNRT患者,常规行程序心房和心室电刺激和心内标测.根据AVNRT的类型分别采用消融房室结前传慢径和/或逆传慢径的方法治疗AVNRT.结果采用目前常用的AVNRT的分型方法,812例AVNRT患者中,慢快型659例（81%）、慢慢型81例（10%）、快慢型72例（9%）.所有812例AVNRT患者均消融或改良房室结慢径成功.按AVNRT可能的6种折返环路分型,慢快型649例（80%）、左侧变异慢快型10例（1%）、快慢型和变异快慢型57例（7%）、左侧变异快慢型15例（2%）、慢慢型81例（10%）.结论按房室结快径、右侧后延伸和左侧后延伸可能形成的6条折返环路,对AVNRT进行分型,符合电生理检查和射频消融的结果.此分型对理解AVNRT的折返机制和指导房室结慢径消融治疗AVNRT有较大的意义.     

AV nodal reentrant tachycardia using three different AV nodal pathways

In a patient with frequent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, an electrophysiologic study was performed. Although by programmed atrial stimulation only double AV nodal pathways could be documented, three distinct forms of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia could be induced. By programmed atrial stimulation a typical AV nodal reentrant tachycardia was initiated, by programmed ventricular stimulation, an AV nodal reentrant tachycardia was induced with an antegrade conduction time of 215 ms and a retrograde conduction time of 160 ms. Furthermore, a third form of tachycardia was induced with alternating cycle length due to two different antegrade conduction times, whereas retrograde conduction time was almost identical, irrespective of the antegrade conduction time. The patient received betaxolol (20 mg day-1); during a second electrophysiologic study, the tachycardia could not be induced, and it did not occur spontaneously during a follow-up period of 14 months.     

房室结折返性心动过速伴房室阻滞的心脏电生理特点

目的利用食管法心脏电生理检查探讨房室结折返性心动过速伴房室阻滞的电生理特点。方法回顾分析经食管法电生理检查中房室结折返性心动过速伴房室阻滞18例患者的资料。结果房室结折返性心动过速伴房室阻滞主要表现为2:1房室阻滞,多在诱发开始时出现数秒至数分钟,也可呈持久性存在,2:1传导转为1:1传导时多经过一过性3:2文氏传导并伴一过性束支阻滞。结论P波极向及P波与QRS波群的关系特点是房室结折返性心动过速伴2:1房室阻滞的诊断依据。以此排除房室折返性心动过速,并注意与房速相鉴别。     

Slow pathway ablation in a patient with common AV nodal reentrant tachycardia and complete situs inversus.

A 72-year-old woman with complete situs inversus underwent successful slow pathway ablation of typical AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Catheter ablation of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia in dextrocardia required a lengthy procedure but was safe and without complications.