肋骨疾病多种影像学检查价值分析

目的：对比探讨肋骨疾病多种．影像学检查价值。方法：101例患者。进行X线平片；CR图像；SCT胸部扫描并薄层重建，薄层横断及倾斜扫描，薄层图像二维多平面重建（MPR）和三维表面遮盖成像（SSD），最大密度投影（MIP）；MSCT扫描并薄层重建、MPR和三维容积（VR）及MIP成像。结果：CT扫描对肋骨疾病的诊断优于X线平片及CR图像，后者利于定位：CT可清晰显示轻微病变，但定位不准；MPR可作为横断图像的补充：三维重建可立体显示病变，利于整体观察及定位。结论：SCT、MSCT扫描及其薄层图像的二维、三维重建对肋骨病变诊断具有明显的优势。     

多层螺旋CT在异形骨创伤性骨折中的应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT不同重建方法在异形骨创伤性骨折中的应用价值。方法23例创伤性骨折病例经常规X线平片检查后，行多层螺旋CT扫描，在工作站进行容积再现及多平面重组，并与CT轴位图像、X线平片比较。由两位有经验的放射科医师共同阅片，以共同意见为准。结果23例创伤性骨折，依据CT轴位扫描及MPR、容积重建技术图像资料共发现骨折35处：常规CT轴位扫描检出34处，检出率97．1％；MPR检出35处；VR检出34处，检出率97．1％；X线平片检出骨折19处，检出率54．3％。结论多层螺旋CT能够显示X线平片难以诊断的异形骨创伤性骨折。     

非骨化性纤维瘤的X线平片与CT诊断

目的：评价X线平片和CT扫描在诊断长骨非骨化性纤维瘤中的作用，旨在提高对该病的诊断与鉴别诊断水平。方法：对16例经手术病理证实的非骨化性纤维瘤的X线平片和CT特征进行回顾性分析。结果：肿瘤部位为胫骨9例，股骨6例，腓骨1例。肿瘤形态为卵圆形，肿瘤的长径2．0～8．0cm，肿瘤边缘均有硬化边。根据X线平片及CT所见分为2型：皮质型或偏心型(12例)和骨髓型或中心型(4例)。讨论：非骨化性纤维瘤的X线平片和CT表现具有特征性，对诊断和鉴别有重要作用。     

关节骨折的螺旋CT三维重建评价

目的：探讨螺旋CT三维重建技术在关节骨折中的诊断价值。方法：使用Philips Aura螺旋CT对31例患者的损伤关节进行容积扫描，所得原始数据传送到工作站做三维重建处理，显示立体图像，并与X线平片及CT平扫比较。结果：螺旋CT三维重建技术逼真地显示关节骨折的情况，与临床实际相符，确诊率96．8％，明显高于X线平片(67.7％)及CT平扫(87．1％)。结论：螺旋CT三维重建技术能清楚显示关节骨折的细节，有利于临床诊断和治疗，减少手术创伤。     

颈椎病的影像诊断和评价

目的：探讨颈椎病的X线平片及CT表现，以其提高诊断率。材料及方法：选择50例颈椎病人全部X线平片和CT片进行分析。结果：颈椎病以颈4—7为多发X线平片以颈椎生理曲度变直或反突，椎间隙狭窄，椎间孔缩小，变形，椎体后缘增生，为主要诊断依据，CT扫描以椎间盘突出，椎体后缘增生，小关节增生或后纵韧带、黄韧带肥厚、钙化、引起椎管、侧臆窝、椎间孔狭窄为诊断依据。结论：X线平片是诊断颈椎病的主要检查方法，只要表现出其重要征象，即可确立诊断。CT为轴位断层像，以容量大，图像丰富而显示出更多的病变征象，明显优于X线平片。     

X线平片与螺旋CT对先天性脊柱侧弯的应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)和X线平片对于先天性脊柱侧弯的诊断价值。方法对临床诊断为先天性脊柱侧弯的40例患者行脊柱CT扫描,经最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面图像重组(MPR)、表面容积遮盖(SVR)及表现遮盖图像(SSD)后处理,并对照X线平片分析不同的处理后图像的应用价值。结果术前X线平片诊断脊椎形成障碍18例,脊椎分节障碍15例,混合型7例。MSCT诊断脊椎形成障碍13例,脊椎分节障碍12例,混合型15例,伴有脊柱纵裂6例,肋骨畸形8例,椎管内纵行骨嵴4例。SVR图像可较全面地评价先天性脊柱侧弯的所有相关表现。结论MSCT的多种后处理图像较X线平片更具优势,能准确和全面判断脊柱畸形的类型和范围。     

脊柱损伤的CT与X线平片对照研究

目的：进一步探讨CT扫描和X线平片对脊柱损伤的诊断价值及临床意义。方法：对134例脊柱损伤患者的X线平片及CT表现进行分析，脊柱损伤CT分为压缩型、爆裂型、安全带型及骨折脱位型骨折，将椎管受累程度分为Ⅳ度，并将CT表现与X线平片进行了比较分析。结果：134例中，屈曲压缩型骨折64例，爆裂骨折61例，骨折脱位型骨折9例；椎管正常为0度16例、Ⅰ度狭窄30例、Ⅱ度狭窄10例、Ⅲ度狭窄14例。爆裂型、骨折脱位型骨折均累及椎管，X线平片仅发现21例椎体后缘连线不连续。结论：X线平片是脊柱损伤的首选检查方法，CT扫描是全面观察脊柱损伤的重要手段之一。     

小儿肠梗阻的腹部X线平片和CT诊断价值分析

目的：分析腹部X线平片和CT对小儿肠梗阻的诊断价值，重点探讨小儿绞窄性肠梗阻的CT表现。材料和方法：收集2002年1月-2004年6月复旦大学附属儿科医院手术证实肠梗阻23例，术前24h均拍摄腹部正侧位X线平片，其中14例行腹部CT扫描。结果：23例肠梗阻术前诊断正确率：腹部X线平片为69．6％（16／23）：CT为100％（14／14）。其中，绞窄性肠梗阻术前诊断正确率：腹部X线平片为38．9％（7／18）；CT为90．9％（10／11）。11例绞窄性肠梗阻的主要CT表现包括：小肠壁增厚9例；CT平扫肠壁密度增高7例和“靶征，，2例；CT增强扫描肠壁强化低于正常者6例，3例延迟扫描强化。肠系膜血管增粗水肿5例，4、肠壁积气4例，腹水6例。结论：CT诊断小儿肠梗阻，特别是显示肠绞窄，较腹部X线平片优越。     

肺淋巴管肌瘤病的X线平片和CT诊断

目的 分析肺淋巴管肌瘤病的X线平片和CT表现,并探讨其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析8例经病理证实的肺淋巴管肌瘤病患者资料,所有患者均为女性,年龄24～48岁,平均33岁.所有病例均行X线平片和CT平扫,其中5例行CT增强扫描.结果 X线平片显示肺纹理增粗,可见广泛网状病变.CT扫描及薄层多平面重建清晰显示双肺弥漫性囊腔的详细情况,并发气胸及胸腔积液各6例.结论 对肺淋巴管肌瘤病,X线平片可提示病变的存在,而CT扫描和重建图像则具有特征性表现.     

16层螺旋CT及其三维重建与多平面重组在胫骨平台骨折诊断中的应用

目的探讨16层螺旋CT(16层SCT)及其三维重建(3-D)与多平面重组(MPR)在胫骨平台骨折诊断中的应用价值。方法39例胫骨平台骨折病例经膝关节常规X线平片检查后，采用16层SCT进行膝关节的多层面螺旋CT扫描，在工作站上作3D及MPR影像后处理，就胫骨平台骨折的平片与16层SCT影像进行比较及综合分析。结果39例胫骨平台骨折中，X线平片漏诊1例髁间隆突骨折、1例内髁骨折及1例双髁骨折，此3例(7．69％)平片漏诊的骨折均为16层SCT予以诊断。16层SCT的3-D影像可清晰显示胫骨平台骨折的立体形态；MPR影像则可明确显示胫骨平台内部的骨质损伤情况如骨折的具体部位、关节面碎裂及塌陷程度、骨折移位距离。结论16层SCT能够显示X线平片难于诊断的胫骨平台隐匿性骨折；3-D及MPR成像技术十分有利于全面观察胫骨平台骨折的形态变化，是16层SCT横轴位扫描的重要补充。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.