全腹腔镜下远端胃切除术消化道重建的术式和实践

全腹腔镜下远端胃切除、淋巴清扫和消化道吻合重建,是对腹腔镜辅助远端胃切除手术的继承和发展,更是今天胃外科最热点和难点的问题.本文就腹腔镜远端胃切除术消化道重建的历史与现状、关键问题,常用术式及其优缺点,注意事项等相关问题,进行论述和讨论.     

三角吻合技术在全腹腔镜下胃远端癌根治术中的应用

目的 探讨三角吻合技术在全腹腔镜下胃远端癌根治术中的可行性和临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2012年11-12月间福建医科大学附属协和医院实施的18例全腹腔镜胃远端癌根治术并残胃十二指肠吻合(三角吻合)病例的临床资料.三角吻合是完全在腹腔镜下应用直线切割闭合器完成残胃和十二指肠后壁的功能性端端吻合,再利用直线切割闭合器闭合共同开口后,吻合口内部的缝钉线呈现为三角形.结果 18例患者均成功施行全腹腔镜下胃远端癌淋巴结清扫(D1+或D2)及三角吻合.手术时间(156.3±38.5) min,三角吻合耗时(24.6±11.2) min.肿瘤距上切缘(5.8±2.4) cm,距下切缘(4.1±2.7) cm,上、下切缘病理结果均未见癌残留.术中出血量(70.7±43.8) ml,淋巴结清扫数目(32.4±12.0)枚/例.术后首次下床活动时间(1.8±0.9)d,肛门排气时间(3.1±1.2)d,进食流质时间(3.6±1.7)d,术后住院时间(9.6±2.5)d.术后1例患者出现乳糜瘘伴腹腔感染;全组均未出现吻合口出血、吻合口狭窄或吻合口瘘等吻合口相关并发症.结论 三角吻合技术应用于全腹腔镜下胃远端癌根治术是安全可行的,近期疗效满意.     

三角吻合在全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中的应用

目的 探讨三角吻合技术在全腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术中应用的安全行、可行性和临床疗效.方法 对56例远端胃癌患者施行全腹腔镜下胃癌根治术并行残胃十二指肠三角吻合.结果 56例手术均获成功.手术时间（169.4±32.3） min;三角吻合时间（22.4 ±9.2） min;术中出血量（76.6±32.7）ml;淋巴结清扫总数（34.1±12.3）枚/例,进食流质时间（3.4±1.5）d,术后住院时间（8.4±2.6）d;全组切缘无肿瘤残留;全组均未出现吻合口出血、吻合口漏及吻合口狭窄或吻合口相关并发症.结论 三角吻合技术应用于全腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术是安全可行的,近期效果满意,远期疗效需进一步观察研究.     

三角吻合在完全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中的应用研究

目的 对比分析远端胃癌根治术中全腹腔镜下三角吻合与腹腔镜辅助Brillroth Ⅰ式吻合的近期疗效,探讨三角吻合技术的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2013年3月至2014年2月开展的50例全腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术加三角吻合的临床资料（三角吻合组）,并以同期开展的43例腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术加Brillroth Ⅰ吻合作为对照（BⅠ吻合组）,比较两组患者的手术相关指标和术后并发症发生情况.结果 两组手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清除数、术后肛门排气时间、并发症发生率和术后住院天数比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;三角吻合组切口长度[（3.4±0.4）cm]和术后第1天疼痛评分[（3.1±1.0）]小于BⅠ吻合组[（6.9±0.8）cm和（4.6±1.4）],差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）.结论 全腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术三角吻合技术安全可行,在切口美观和舒适度方面较腹腔镜辅助下Brillroth Ⅰ式吻合更有优势。     

Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with intracorporeal handsewn Billroth-I anastomosis (ICHSA)

Background

The number of cases of laparoscopic surgery has been increasing. Lymph node dissection has been standardized, and the enlarged view provided by laparoscopes allows for the procedure to be performed successfully entirely within the abdominal cavity, but many cases of reconstruction using the Billroth-I method are performed under direct vision through a small incision. In this study, by placing an anchor thread on a suture line on the lesser curvature of the stomach, we simplified the procedure for handsewn anastomosis and safely performed gastroduodenal anastomosis at low cost to obtain good results.

Methods

From January 2009 to December 2010, we performed handsewn gastroduodenal anastomosis in 18 cases. After performing lymph node dissection, the duodenum and the stomach were separated using an automatic stapling device. Anchor sutures were placed on the suture line of the lesser curvature of the stomach. First, the seromuscular layer of the stomach and the seromuscular layer of the duodenum were sutured by performing interrupted suturing using an extracorporeal knot-tying method. With the stomach and the duodenum in a fixed state, the anastomosis area was opened. The thread of the anchor suture was pulled toward the abdominal wall, and then all layers of the stomach and the duodenum at the posterior wall were continuously sutured. Similarly, for the anterior wall, all layers were continuously sutured from the lesser curvature toward the greater curvature.

Results

We performed this anastomotic procedure in 18 patients with early gastric carcinoma. The mean time required for the anastomosis was 64.6 ± 17.1 min, and the estimated blood loss was 53.1 ± 91 g. All operations were curative, and the mean number of retrieved lymph node was 27.1 ± 10.8. A nasogastric tube was removed on the first or second day. An upper gastrointestinal series performed on postoperative days 5–6 showed no anastomotic leakage and normal transit. Oral intake was started on days 6–7. Postoperative complications included one case of a ruptured suture, but this was resolved through a conservative approach. There was no mortality. Postoperative endoscopy revealed that the anastomosis area was extremely soft, and no abnormalities were observed. Moreover, the only costs related to the anastomosis were for the thread and needles, and although more time was required compared with mechanical anastomosis, the cost was extremely low.

Conclusions

We performed gastroduodenal anastomosis under a total laparoscopic approach by handsewn. This method is economical, because it does not require the use of machinery for anastomosis, and the duodenal stump is short. We believe that this method, which can be performed in a similar manner even for obese patients, can be used as a standard method of anastomosis.     

Body composition changes after totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with delta-shaped anastomosis: a comparison with conventional Billroth I anastomosis

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare body composition changes of patients undergoing totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) with delta-shaped anastomosis (DSA) versus conventional laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (CLDG).

Methods

Data from gastric cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for histologically proven gastric cancer in KNUMC from January 2013 to May 2014 were collected and reviewed. We examined 85 consecutive patients undergoing TLDG or CLDG: 41 patients underwent TLDG and 44 patients underwent CLDG. Body composition was assessed by segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. We compared the changes in nutritional parameters and body composition from preoperative status between the two groups at postoperative 6 and 12 months.

Results

All of the postoperative changes in the body composition and nutritional indices were similar between the two groups with the exception of visceral fat areas (VFAs) and albumin levels. VFAs increased at 6 months postoperatively in the TLDG group and a significant difference was shown at 12 months postoperatively between the TLDG and CLDG groups (86.7 ± 22.8 and 74.7 ± 21.9 cm², respectively, P < 0.05). Postoperative albumin levels were higher in the TLDG group with statistical significance at 6 and 12 months after surgery (6 months, P = 0.028; 12 months, P = 0.012).

Conclusions

The influence of TLDG with DSA on nutrition and body composition seemed comparable to those of CLDG. Six months postoperatively, VFAs and albumin levels were recovered in the TLDG group but not in the CLDG group. Thus, TLDG seems to be a novel surgical method.

     

Totally laparoscopic colectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis achieved using a laparoscopic linear stapler: experience of a single institute

Purpose  

Laparoscopic colonic surgery is now widely accepted. We assessed the safety and effectiveness of using a total intracorporeal surgical strategy to perform intracorporeal functional end-to-end anastomosis with an endoscopic linear stapler to treat colon cancer.     

Totally laparoscopic gastrectomy with various types of intracorporeal anastomosis using laparoscopic linear staplers: preliminary experience

Background We analyzed our preliminary clinical data for totally laparoscopic gastrectomy (TLG) in order to evaluate its effectiveness in terms of minimal invasiveness, technical feasibility, and safety. Methods Forty-five consecutive patients who underwent TLG in our institution between June 2004 and February 2006 were enrolled in this study. There were 26 men and 19 women, with a mean age of 58.8 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 23.2. In all cases, only laparoscopic linear staplers were used for intracorporeal anastomosis. Results The reasons that gastrectomy was performed were adenocarcinoma in 41 cases, benign disease in three cases and gastrointestinal stromal tumor in one case, and the types of surgery were distal gastrectomy (40), total gastrectomy (four) and pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (one). Among the distal gastrectomies, Billroth I (25) was the most frequent procedure, followed by uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy (14) and Billroth II (one), respectively. The mean operation time was 314 minutes, the mean anastomotic time was 41 minutes, the mean number of staples used was eight, and the mean estimated blood loss was 150 ml. There was no case of conversion to an open procedure. The first flatus was observed at 2.9 days, and liquid diet was started at 3.7 days. The mean number of postoperative analgesic use, except for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), was 1.4 times, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 11 days. Postoperative complication occurred in six patients (13.3 %), but no postoperative mortality occurred. There were two cases of delayed gastric empting and one case of anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stenosis, intraabdominal bleeding, and ventral hernia each. All of the patients recovered well with conservative or surgical management. Conclusions TLG with intracorporeal anastomosis using laparoscopic linear staplers was safe and feasible, and we were able to obtain acceptable surgical outcomes in terms of minimal invasiveness.     

Outcome of overlap anastomosis using a linear stapler after laparoscopic total and proximal gastrectomy

Background

Recently, novel intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy using a linear stapler after laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) was reported and termed as the overlap method. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and safety of the overlap method for esophagojejunostomy or esophagogastrostomy after LTG or laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG), respectively.

Methods

Twenty-five patients underwent anastomosis using a linear stapler during esophagojejunostomy and esophagogastrostomy after LTG and LPG, respectively. Clinicopathological data and surgical outcomes were evaluated.

Results

The average surgical duration for LTG was 236.8?min compared with 224.1?min for LPG. Postoperative complications were observed in four patients (16.0%); these included a wound infection, an intestinal obstruction, an afferent loop syndrome, and a reflux symptom. The average postoperative hospital stay of the patients was 12.5?days. There was no case of conversion to open surgery, anastomotic leakage or stenosis, or mortality.

Conclusions

The overlap method for esophagojejunostomy or esophagogastrostomy after LTG or LPG is safe and feasible and does not require an additional minilaparotomy, which may result in less pain and favorable cosmetic outcomes.     

Advantages of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy over laparoscopically assisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer

Background

Laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer has become common due to improvement of the surgical techniques and devices for laparoscopic surgery. Although laparoscopically assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) has several advantages over open distal gastrectomy, little has been reported about the safety and feasibility of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG).

Methods

Between October 2005 and June 2007, 80 laparoscopic distal gastrectomies with regional lymphadenectomies were performed for patients with gastric cancer. After 24 patients underwent LADG and 56 patients underwent TLDG, the clinical data were compared between the two groups.

Results

The groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), tumor location, tumor size, macroscopic type, depth of invasion, histologic type, lymph node metastasis, and length of proximal margin. However, when only the patients with gastric cancer in the middle third of the stomach were compared between the two groups, the length of the proximal margin was significantly longer in the TLDG group (p < 0.05). The mean blood loss was significantly less in the TLDG group (p < 0.05). The patients in the TLDG group recovered earlier and thus had a significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay. Furthermore, the C-reactive protein level on postoperative day 7 was lower in the TLDG group than in the LADG group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the postoperative complications between the two groups.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that TLDG has several advantages over LADG including smaller wounds, less invasiveness, and better feasibility of a secure ablation. The TLDG procedure yields safe anastomosis independently of the patient’s constitution or the location of the cancer. Therefore, TLDG is considered to be a useful technique for patients with gastric cancer.     

全腔镜与腔镜辅助胃癌全胃切除及食管空肠吻合术疗效差异Meta分析

目的观察全腹腔镜全胃切除术(TLTG)与腹腔镜辅助全胃切除术(LATG)对胃癌根治术的疗效差异,进一步探讨全腹腔镜下食管-空肠吻合术的安全性及可行性。方法在PubMed、Web of Science、万方数据库、中国知网等中英文数据库中检索2019年9月前公开发表的关于胃癌上述两种手术方式(TLTG组与LATG组)对照研究的文献。检索关键词为胃癌、全胃切除、全腹腔镜、腹腔镜辅助、食管-空肠吻合、gastric/stomach cancer,total gastrectomy,totally/completely laparoscopic,laparoscopic-assisted/laparoscopy-assisted/laparoscopically assisted,esophagojejunostomy/esophagojejunal anastomosis。通过RevMan 5.3软件对两组的数据资料进行Meta分析。结果共检索出258篇文献,经过逐层筛选后,最终纳入11条文献,样本总量为2421例,其中TLTG组1115例,LATG组1306例。Meta结果显示,两组的年龄和性别差异无统计学意义,而TLTG组的平均BMI显著大于LATG组(P=0.01)。与LATG组相比,TLTG组的手术切口长度明显较短(P<0.001),术中出血量明显较少(P=0.003),淋巴结摘除数量明显较多(P=0.04),术后首次进食时间及术后住院时间也明显缩短(P分别为0.03和0.02),而肿瘤大小、近端切缘长度、总手术时间、吻合时间、术后疼痛评分、术后肛门排气时间、术后吻合口相关并发症(包括吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄和吻合口出血)及术后总体并发症发生率等差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论全腹腔镜下全胃切除及食管-空肠吻合术安全可行,与LATG相比,TLTG具有创伤小、出血少、淋巴结易获取、术后恢复快等优点,且TLTG也适用于肥胖患者。     

胃癌全腹腔镜与腹腔镜辅助全胃切除术近期疗效的Meta分析

目的:对比全腹腔镜全胃切除术(TLTG)与腹腔镜辅助全胃切除术(LATG)治疗胃癌的近期疗效,评价TLTG治疗胃癌的安全性、可行性.方法:检索收集截至2020年11月发表在PubMed、MEDLINE、Embase、the Cochrane Library及Web of Science、比较TLTG与LATG治疗胃癌近...     

Evaluation of the delta-shaped anastomosis in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy: midterm results of a comparison with Roux-en-Y anastomosis

Background

Various methods of reconstruction after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) have been developed and published, whereas only a limited number of reports are available on the utility of the delta-shaped anastomosis (Delta). This study compared Delta and Roux-en-Y anastomoses (RY), with the aim to clarify the utility of Delta.

Methods

Stage 1 gastric cancer patients who had undergone LDG with Delta (group D, n = 68) and those who had undergone LDG with RY (group RY, n = 60) were compared in terms of operative outcomes, postoperative clinical symptoms, gastrointestinal fiberscopic findings, and changes in body weight.

Results

Both the operative and anastomotic times were significantly shorter in group D (230 and 13 min, respectively) than in group RY (258 and 38 min, respectively) (p < 0.001). Among the complications observed at the anastomotic site, obstruction was seen in one group D patient and two group RY patients but was relieved with conservative management. Postoperative clinical symptoms were reported for 26.4 % of the group D patients but had decreased to 5.9 % 1 year later. Group RY yielded similar results. Upper gastrointestinal fiberscopy performed 1 year postoperatively showed no intergroup differences in the incidence of gastritis or residual retention and a significantly more frequent occurrence of bile reflux in group D. Postoperative weight changes did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusions

Delta reconstruction after LDG is a safe and effective procedure that is totally laparoscopic, less time consuming, and associated with a favorable postoperative course and a better quality of life.     

完全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术的应用现状

腹腔镜手术在远端胃癌的临床治疗中已得到了广泛的认可.腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术可分为完全腹腔镜和腹腔镜辅助,完全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术除了切口比腹腔镜辅助更小,是否有其他优势支持这种手术方式的应用和发展是至今仍在研究的问题.本文通过搜集大量国内外完全腹腔镜与腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术的相关文献,对原始论文中的数据、资料以及主要观点进行归纳整理,从手术时间、术后疼痛、术中和术后并发症等多个方面比较完全腹腔镜与腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术各自的优势和不足,反映历史进程,研究现状和今后发展的趋势.