Plasma levels of FL and SDF-1 and expression of FLT-3 and CXCR4 on CD34+ cells assessed pre and post hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in patients with hematologic malignancies and in healthy donors

Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) became the main source of cells for autologous transplantation. Alterations in the expression of adhesion molecules are essential in the CD34+ cells mobilization process. These molecules are involved in the interaction between hematopoietic and stromal cells and they have been disclosed as a considerable factor to the trafficking and homing of the CD34+ progenitor cells.This is a non-randomized PBSC mobilization study designed to evaluate the influence and behavior of FL and SDF-1 and their receptors in two different moments, prior and after HPCs mobilization, with the yield of CD34+ cells collected by apheresis.There was higher concentration of FL and lower of SDF-1 plasma level at post than pre PBSC mobilization (p = 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively) regarding all individuals searched, but without any correlation with a good yield of CD34+ cells. However, CXCR4 expressions on the CD34+ cells from bone marrow aspirates (BMA), at pre and post mobilization showed a difference statistical significant for those individuals with good yield of CD34+ cells (p = 0,036), but not achieved for poor yield (p = 0,156). There was a higher expression of CXCR4 in steady-state for the successfully individuals than for those unsuccessfully (529.84 ± 54.68 and 496.31 ± 97.51, respectively). In conclusion, we confirmed the important role of CXCR4/SDF-1 axis in the process of PBSC mobilization.     

细胞因子在CD34阳性骨髓细胞中的表达

CD34~ 细胞包含有造血干/祖细胞,而造血干/祖细胞能被IL-3,GM-SCF,G-CSF等诱导分化与增殖。正常的CD34~ 细胞是否参与一些细胞因子的产生尚未被阐明。我们采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应分析了经流式细胞仪分选出的正常骨髓CD34~ 细胞IL-1β,IL-3,IL-4,IL-6,GM-CSF,TNF-α,TNF-β及c-kit基因的表达,并且分析了重组IL-1β,IL-3,IL-7,GM-CSF,PIXY321(IL-3/GM-CSF融合蛋白)及干细胞因子(SCF)对这些细胞因子的调节作用。结果发现新分选出的CD34~ 细胞表达较高水平的IL-1β,c-kit mRNA及低水平的IL-3,TNF-α,TNF-βmRNA。经外源性的细胞因子刺激后,IL-1β,TNF-α及TNF-βmRNA均有不同程度的上调,唯IL-7能使GM-CSF mRNA的表达变为阳性,IL-7亦能显著增强IL-6基因的表达。所有这些细胞因子对c-kit及IL-3基因表达均无明显作用。     

Selective expression of CD45 isoforms on functional subpopulations of CD34+ hemopoietic cells from human bone marrow

We have found that the small population of cells in human marrow that are characterized by their expression of CD34 can be readily subdivided into two apparently nonoverlapping subpopulations of approximate equal size, one expressing CD45RO and one CD45R. Functional studies of these subpopulations revealed that all of the primitive erythroid colony-forming cells (BFU-E) are CD34+ CD45RO+. Similarly, more primitive cells that give rise to both erythroid and granulopoietic colony-forming cells after being maintained for 5 wk on confluent irradiated long-term marrow culture feeder layers, also show this phenotype. In contrast, most granulopoietic colony-forming cells are CD34+ CD45RO- cells. The differential expression of CD45 isoforms on distinct functional subpopulations of hemopoietic cells is consistent with the concept that these molecules play an important role in the differentiation or activation of primitive, normally quiescent, hemopoietic cells. The presence of CD45RO and the lack of CD45R on human cells capable of initiating hemopoiesis in the long-term marrow culture system correspond to the reported lack of CD45R on transplantable hemopoietic stem cells in rodents and may be a useful addition to strategies for human stem cell purification, or for purging CD45R+ leukemic cells.     

阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症患者骨髓CD34+CD59+细胞的体外扩增

目的研究阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症(PNH)患者CD34+CD59+细胞的分离、纯化及其体外扩增的条件和性能,为探索PNH新的治疗途径提供实验依据.方法利用免疫磁珠-流式细胞仪二步分选法,从PNH患者骨髓中分选出CD34+CD59+细胞,然后对CD34+CD59+细胞在不同造血生长因子组合条件下,进行体外扩增培养2周.结果体外扩增的最适宜的生长因子组合为SCF+IL-3+IL-6+FL+Tpo+Epo,最适宜的扩增时机为第7天,在此条件下,CD34+CD59+细胞的扩增倍数为22.42±3.73倍.CD34+CD59+细胞在扩增以后,仍保持较好的形成集落形成单位的能力,但是其向多系分化的潜能有所下降.结论 PNH患者CD34+CD59+细胞能够进行体外扩增.按照最佳扩增条件,在对PNH患者进行自体骨髓移植或自体外周血干细胞移植时有一定的应用价值.     

Tempo of hematologic recovery correlates with peripheral blood CD34+ cell level in patients undergoing stem cell mobilization

This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between the time to recovery of peripheral blood counts and CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood (PB) and apheresis collections of patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy followed by rhG-CSF. Twenty-three patients with a median age of 42 years (range 17–64) with malignancies underwent peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection after cyclophosphamide (CY) 4 g/m² and etoposide (600 mg/m²) followed by rhG-CSF (10 μg/kg/day). The WBC, platelet counts, CD34+ cell counts per ml of PB, and CD34+ cells in apheresis products were followed in all patients. The relationship of the time to recovery of WBC >1,000/μl, >3,000/μl, >10,000/μl and platelets >20,000/μl and 50,000/μl was compared to the average daily CD34+ cells/ml in each patient using the Spearman Correlation test. The tempo of recovery of WBC and platelets were highly correlated with the average CD34+ cell count in blood. In order to derive some useful guidelines for the timing of apheresis, the patients were divided into two groups, early recover (ER) and late recover (LR) based on the median time (day 10) to reach WBC count greater than 1,000/μl. ER patients had an average daily PB CD34+ cell count of 9.04 × 10⁴/ml (range 0.44–17.5) and a median yield of CD34+ cells of 10.43 × 10⁶/kg (range 0.60–25.95) compared to LR patients, who had 1.87 × 10⁴/ml (range 0.32–5.44) in the PB (P = .001) and a yield 3.20 × 10⁶/kg CD34+ cells (range 0.037–9.39) (P = .001). Patients recovering their WBC to 1,000/ml within 10 days of completing this regimen may undergo PBSC collection and achieve minimum-target cell doses of >2.5 × 10⁶ CD34+ cells/kg—100% of the time. J. Clin. Apheresis 13:1–6, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Age and stress related phenotypical changes in bone marrow CD34+ cells

Objective. Phenotypical changes in the human bone marrow (BM) due to age and stress have not so far been properly addressed in the literature. In the present study, we compared CD34⁺ BM cells between older and young volunteers. The influence of stress on CD34⁺ cell phenotype in older patients was investigated in an age‐matched group with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Cytokines thought to influence BM CD34⁺ cell homeostasis were also analysed. Material and methods. BM mononuclear cells of 10 older volunteers and of 7 young volunteers (18–25 years), as well as 22 AMI patients, were analysed by flow cytometry for the following markers: CD34, CD38, CD117 (c‐kit) and CD133. Blood samples were analysed for CRP, IL‐6, MCP‐1, IL‐8, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and TNFα by ELISA methods. Results. Significantly higher numbers of CD34⁺ CD38^? cells (both absolute and relative) were observed in older volunteers than in young volunteers and AMI patients. Higher numbers of immature progenitors, namely CD34⁺CD38^? cells and CD34⁺CD38^?CD117⁺CD133⁺ cells, were observed among older volunteers compared to the other groups. However, the relative number of CD34⁺ cells lacking CD38 expression or expressing CD133 was higher in the old volunteers and AMI patients. None of the circulating factors investigated correlated with any of the cell population yields. Conclusion. In this study, we found that the absolute and relative numbers of BM CD34⁺CD38^? progenitor cells increase with age. The increment is attenuated in patients with AMI.     

阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症患者骨髓CD34+CD59+细胞与CD34+CD59-细胞生物学性能的研究

目的 探讨阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症(PNH)患CD34^ CD59^ 细胞的特性及PNH克隆呈优势造血的可能原因，以探索PNH发病的内在机制。方法 用免疫磁珠吸附法富集纯化CD34^ 细胞，再用流式细胞仪分选出PNH患的CD34^ CD59^ 细胞、CD34^ CD59^ 细胞及正常对照CD34^ 细胞。分别进行体外扩增液体培养2周，并对扩增前、后的细胞进行半固体培养。结果 ①PNH患CD34^ CD59^ 细胞与正常对照CD34^ 细胞形成集落形成单位(CFU)均在第7天达到扩增高峰，并且扩增后的细胞仍能保持CD59抗原，无GPI锚连蛋白的丢失。②正常对照的CD34^ 细胞在生存、增殖、形成CFU及扩增能力上均明显强于FHN患的CD34^ CD59^ 细胞及CD34^ CD59^-细胞.③PNH患CD34^ CD59^ 细胞及CD34^ CD59^ 细胞体外半固体培养，其形成CFU的能力无明显差异。④PNH患CD34^ CD59^ 细胞及CD34^ CD59^ 细胞在SCF IL3 IL6 FL Tpo及SCF IL3 IL6 FL Tpo Epo组合下液体培养，其生存、增殖、扩增等能力上均无明显差异。但在SCF IL3 IL6 FL Tpo Epo GM-CSF组合下液体培养，CD34^ CD59^ 细胞的生存、增殖、扩增能力均明显强于CD34^ CD59^ 细胞。结论 ①正常对照的CD34^ 细胞在生存、增殖、形成CFU及扩增能力上均明显强于PNH患的CD34^ CD59^ 细胞。②PNH患CD34^ CD59^ 细胞及CD34^ CD59^ 细胞体外半固体培养，以及在SCF IL3 IL6 LF Tpo及SCF IL3 IL6 FL Tpo Ep组合下液体培养，其生存、增殖、扩增等能力上均无明显差异，说明CD34^ CD59^ 细胞在造血能力上并无内在的优势。GM—CSF或许是使PNH克隆呈造血优势的原因之一。     

Allogeneic transplantation combining mobilized blood and bone marrow in patients with refractory hematologic malignancies

BACKGROUND: Mobilized blood stem cells have been used successfully in autologous transplant recipients to reduce the complications of pancytopenia due to dose-intensive chemotherapy. Reports of cytokine- mobilized blood progenitor cells in allogeneic transplant recipients are rare. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a pilot trial of six patients. Patients with advanced hematologic malignancy received bone marrow (median total 2.6 × 10(8) mononuclear cells/kg) followed by four daily transfusions of blood (median total 9.5 × 10(8) mononuclear cells/kg) from HLA-matched sibling donors who were mobilized with recombinant human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (5 micrograms/kg/day subcutaneously for 5 days). All patients received cyclosporine and prednisone for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. RESULTS: An absolute neutrophil count greater than 500 per mm3 was achieved on Day 12, and platelet transfusion independence was achieved on Day 16. The median day of hospital discharge was Day 23 after transplant. All patients achieved 100-percent donor cell engraftment. Acute > or = Grade III GVHD did not develop in any patients, but all patients developed Grade I (n = 4) or Grade II (n = 2) acute GVHD. Chronic extensive GVHD developed in four of six patients. One patient died of pneumonia 263 days after transplant while undergoing immune-suppressive therapy for chronic GVHD. CONCLUSION: The transfusion of blood stem cells in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplant is well tolerated soon after transplant, but the development of chronic GVHD may limit the general usage of unmanipulated blood stem cells.     

Correlation of time to platelet engraftment with amount of transplanted CD34+CD41+ cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

A major problem after autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation is prolonged thrombocytopenia. There are several studies published about correlations of the composition of the graft and time to platelet engraftment for autologous transplantation but only a few studies for allogeneic transplantation. In our study, we wanted to find out whether the correlation between the time to platelet engraftment and amount of transplanted CD34(+)CD41(+) cells described previously after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation could be reproduced in the allogeneic bone marrow transplantation setting. We found correlations not only for the number of transplanted CD34(+) cells with the time to leukocyte engraftment (r = -0.32, p = 0.045) but also for the number of transplanted CD34(+)CD41(+) cells and time to platelet engraftment (r = -0.34, p = 0.038), which were both statistically significant. A significant correlation between transplanted CD34(+) cells versus platelet engraftment and transplanted CD34(+)CD41(+) cells versus leukocyte engraftment was not found. The finding that the amount of committed megakaryocyte progenitor cells in the graft is an important predictive factor for platelet engraftment after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation might be the base for future studies of ex vivo expansion of clonable megakaryocyte precursors.     

91例急性白血病患者骨髓单个核细胞CD96分子的表达研究

本研究旨在检测91例急性白血病患者骨髓单个核细胞(BMMNC)表面分子CD96的表达情况,并结合临床资料进行分析。采用流式细胞术检测91例初治急性白血病患者骨髓单个核细胞表面分子CD96,以15例健康成人作为对照组。结果表明:21例B-ALL患者BMMNC(CD45+CD34+CD19+)中CD96平均表达水平为(17.41±27.97)%,11例T-ALL患者BMMNC(CD45+CD34+CD7+)中CD96平均表达水平为(46.98±45.55)%,59例AML患者BMMNC(CD45+CD34+CD38-)中CD96平均表达水平为(16.69±25.08)%,与健康对照组BMMNC的CD96平均表达水平(0.52±1.84)%相比,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05);正规治疗后,CD96+及CD96-组的未缓解率(分别为52%,10.6%)差异有统计学意义(p<0.05);另外,复查治疗后CD96在BMMNC的平均表达水平显示,达到完全缓解的CD96+组为(1.68±2.31)%,与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(p>0.05);而未达到完全缓解的CD96+组为(62.39±26.29)%,与对照组比较,...     

真性红细胞增多症患者骨髓CD34阳性细胞凋亡及增殖特征研究

目的　了解真性红细胞增多症 (PV)患者骨髓CD34 阳性细胞的凋亡、增殖情况。方法　应用双色流式细胞仪检测 2 0例PV患者及 10例原发性血小板增多症 (ET)患者和 12名正常人骨髓CD34 阳性细胞AnnexinⅤ以及细胞增殖相关抗原Ki6 7的表达情况并分析其与PV临床表现的相关性。结果　PVCD34 阳性细胞AnnexinⅤ表达率为 (15 .96± 1.4 5 ) % ,ET为 (15 .5 3± 1.76 ) % ,明显低于正常对照组的 (2 3.6 1± 3.89) % (P <0 .0 5 ) ;CD34 阳性细胞Ki6 7表达率PV为 (4 8.79± 11.6 8) % ,ET为 (4 9.6 0±9.98) % ,明显高于正常对照组的 (33.87± 6 .82 ) % (P <0 .0 1) ;凋亡增殖比PV为 0 .33± 0 .10 ,ET为 0 .32± 0 .0 2 ,明显低于正常对照组的 0 .72± 0 .11(P <0 .0 1) ;CD34 阳性细胞凋亡与血红蛋白、白细胞计数、内源性红系集落呈负相关 (分别r=- 0 .4 81,P =0 .0 37;r=- 0 .5 38,P =0 .0 2 6 ;r=- 0 .6 32 ,P =0 5 0 )。凋亡增殖比与血红蛋白、白细胞计数呈负相关 (分别r=- 0 .5 37,P =0 .0 18;r=- 0 .6 6 7,P =0 0 0 3)。结论　PV患者骨髓CD34 阳性细胞有低凋亡及高增殖特点 ,低凋亡与疾病严重度相关。     

G-CSF对供者外周血CD34+细胞黏附分子表达的影响

目的通过观察健康供者外周血CD34+细胞黏附分子表达的变化,探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)动员的机制及其对供者的影响。方法应用流式细胞仪分析15名健康供者在接受G-CSF10μg.kg-1.d-1动员前(Pre-G)、动员d4和停止动员后7d(Pro-G)外周血CD34+细胞比例及其表面黏附分子非常延迟抗原-5(VLA-5,CD49e)和L-选择素(CD62L)的表达情况。结果G-CSF动员后供者外周血CD34+细胞比例较动员前增高5-10倍,停止动员后恢复至动员前水平。G-CSF动员后CD34+CD49e+细胞比例(97.74%)明显高于动员前(79.95%),停止动员后7d CD34+CD49e+细胞比例基本恢复至动员前水平;CD34+CD62L+细胞比例在G-CSF动员过程中无明显改变;CD34+细胞表面CD49e与CD62L的平均荧光强度于动员后呈减弱趋势,但无显著统计学意义。结论G-CSF动员后d4可显著增加供者外周血CD34+细胞比例,可致CD34+CD49e+细胞比例一过性增加,但不影响CD34+CD62L+细胞群的比例。     

Differential mobilization of CD34+ cells and lymphoma cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients mobilized with different growth factors

Co-mobilization of CD34(+) cells and tumor has been documented in patients with different types of cancer undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Conflicting reports were published regarding the role of various growth factors in tumor cells mobilization, hence we studied the extent of CD34(+) cells and lymphoma cell mobilization in 35 non-Hodgkin's (NHL) patients primed by cyclophosphamide (Cy) in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) (A, 13 patients), granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF (B, 10 patients), or GM-CSF followed by G-CSF (C, 12 patients). CD34(+) cells were quantitated by flow cytometry and lymphoma cells by the TaqMan Real Time PCR for bcl-2 gene rearrangement. Successful collection in 4 days of > or = 2 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg needed for prompt engraftment was obtained in 76%, 60%, and 58% of patients in arms A, B, and C, respectively. Lymphoma cell mobilization was detected in 35% patients tested, 78% of which had follicular lymphoma. Lymphoma cell mobilization was similar in the three arms of the study, however, presence of lymphoma cells was prevalent in patients who failed to mobilize the amount of 0.4 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg in 2 days ("poor mobilizers") and reached 42%, compared to 17% in the "successful mobilizers" group of patients. Lymphoma cell contamination in PBSCs was detected proportionately in the peripheral blood and in the bone marrow. We conclude that bcl-2 gene rearrangement is prevalent in patients with follicular histology, and, in these patients, an inverse relationship was observed between mobilization of CD34(+) cells and lymphoma cells. Our results explain the high relative risk (1.98) for mobilization in patients with follicular histology.     

T lymphocyte differentiation in vitro from adult human prethymic CD34+ bone marrow cells

Pluripotent lymphohematopoietic stem cells are probably confined to bone marrow cells expressing CD34 surface molecules. To investigate the capacity of adult human CD34+ bone marrow cells to differentiate along the T lymphoid lineage, we plated purified CD34+ cells from healthy adults in liquid culture on adherent thymic stromal cells prepared from HLA- or blood group-mismatched postnatal thymic tissue. We show that purified CD34+CD3-CD4-CD8- bone marrow cells contained progenitors with the ability to differentiate into CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing surface (s)CD3 and T cell receptor alpha/beta in vitro. These progenitors were found in the CD34+CD2+sCD3-CD4-CD8-, CD34+CD7+sCD3-CD4-CD8-, and CD34+CD2+CD7+sCD3-CD4-CD8-, as well as in the CD34+CD2-sCD3-CD4-CD8-, CD34+CD7-sCD3-CD4-CD8-, and CD34+CD2-CD7- sCD3-CD4-CD8- subsets, indicating that T lymphocyte progenitors sensitive to signals mediated by thymic stroma in vitro are not restricted to CD34+ cells already coexpressing early T lymphocyte- associated markers. Finally, we show that T lymphopoiesis was enhanced by c-kit ligand.     

人骨髓基质细胞协同外源性细胞因子对脐血CD34+细胞的体外扩增作用

目的　探讨人骨髓基质细胞 (hBMSC)协同以干细胞因子和FL为主的细胞因子对脐血CD3 4 + 细胞的体外扩增作用。方法　采用免疫磁珠法分选脐血CD3 4 + 细胞 ,以SCF +IL 3+IL 6 +FL +EPO组合高效扩增CD3 4 +细胞[1] ,并结合该细胞因子组合接种到预先照射 (2 0Gy)的hBMSC上 ,d10结束培养 ,收获细胞分别作细胞计数、集落培养和流式细胞术检测CD3 4 + 细胞数。结果　本法获得的脐血CD3 4 + 细胞纯度较高 (92± 0 .0 4 ) % ,在hBMSC组培养的d2 ,造血细胞几乎都粘附到hBMSC上 ,随着培养时间的延长 ,CD3 4 + 细胞比例不断下降。hBMSC组与无hBMSC组相比 ,除细胞总数扩增倍数外 ,CFU GM、BFU E、CD3 4 + 细胞扩增倍数差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　①脐血来源的CD3 4 + 细胞粘附于滋养层上形成造血灶 ,且 10d后造血细胞仍具有体外集落形成能力 ,表明骨髓基质细胞可支持并维系体外造血 ;②hBMSC协同外源性细胞因子可能是扩增造血干 /祖细胞的较理想方案     

生存素与CD34在急性髓系白血病患者骨髓细胞中的表达

目的 探讨骨髓细胞中生存素(survivin)和白细胞分化抗原34(CD34)的表达与急性髓系白血病(AML)发生、发展的关系.方法 采用流式细胞术检测62例AML患者和31例非恶性血液病患者骨髓细胞中的survivin及CD34.结果 survivin+/CD34+双表达:AML组骨髓细胞的survivin+/CD34+双表达为(13.74±10.92)%,明显高于对照组(2.53±1.85)%(P<0.01),且治疗缓解组[(4.01±1.41)%]低于治疗未缓解组[(23.83±20.42)%](P<0.01).survivin+/CD34-表达:AML组骨髓细胞的survivin+/CD34-表达为(22.07±16.95)%,明显高于对照组[(12.29±8.80)%](P<0.05),且治疗缓解组[(14.32±7.53)%]低于治疗未缓解组[(29.83±26.37)%](P<0.05).结论 骨髓细胞中survivin表达的检测对血液疾病的转归具有提示的作用,且比CD34和白血病发生、发展的关系更加密切;对AML的治疗效果及预后有一定的评估价值.     

Factors affecting mobilization of CD34+ cells in normal donors treated with filgrastim

BACKGROUND: Multiple days of apheresis are required for some normal peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) donors, to ensure a sufficient collection of CD34+ cells for allografting. It would be of practical value to be able to identify the patients with poor mobilization on the basis of simple pretreatment clinical or hematologic variables. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Clinical characteristics and laboratory data for 119 normal PBPC donors who underwent apheresis on Days 4 to 6 of treatment with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim) were analyzed for correlations with CD34+ cell yield from the first day of apheresis. RESULTS: The CD34+ cell yield was significantly lower in donors who were more than 55 years of age, who underwent apheresis on Day 4 of filgrastim therapy, or who were not obese. There were weak direct correlations between CD34+ cell yield and the baseline white cell count, preapheresis white cell count, and preapheresis mononuclear cell count, and there was a weak inverse correlation with age. Twenty- one donors (18%) were considered to have poor mobilization (< 20 × 10(6) CD34+ cells/L blood processed). In the multivariate analysis, the only significant factor was age greater than 55 years, which conferred a 3.8 times greater risk (95% CI, 1.1-13.7) of poor mobilization (p = 0.04). However, poor mobilization occurred in all age groups, so the predictive value of the model was low. CONCLUSION: Donor variables correlated with CD34+ cell yield only weakly, so no particular clinical characteristic can be used to exclude an individual as a PBPC donor if he or she is otherwise suitable for the apheresis procedure.